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Song Hyunjae,송태경,강지운 대한초음파의학회 2023 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.42 No.2
Purpose: High-contrast tissue characterization of thermal ablation has been desired to evaluate therapeutic outcomes accurately. This paper presents a photoacoustic (PA) characterization of thermal tissue ablation in the visible spectrum, in which higher light absorbance can produce spectral contrast starker than in the near-infrared range. Methods: Ex vivo experiments were performed to measure visible PA spectra (480-700 nm) from fresh porcine liver tissues that received a thermal dose in a range of cumulative equivalent minutes at 43°C (CEM43). The local hemoglobin lobe area between 510-600 nm and wholespectral area under the curve were evaluated to represent the transition of hemoglobin into methemoglobin (MetHb) in the target tissue. Results: The thermal process below an estimated therapeutic CEM43 threshold (80-340 minutes) presented a progressive elevation of the PA spectrum and an eventual loss of local hemoglobin peaks in the visible spectrum, closer to the MetHb spectrum. Interestingly, an excessive CEM43 produced a substantial drop in the PA spectrum. In the spectral analysis, the visible spectrum yielded 13.9-34.1 times higher PA sensitivity and 1.42 times higher contrast change than at a near-infrared wavelength. Conclusion: This novel method of PA tissue characterization in the visible spectrum could be a potential modality to evaluate various thermal therapeutic modalities at high-contrast resolution.
Suppression of prostaglandin E2-induced MUC5AC overproduction by RGS4 in the airway.
Song, Kyoung Seob,Choi, Yeon Ho,Kim, Jong-Mu,Lee, Hyunjae,Lee, Tae-Jin,Yoon, Joo-Heon American Physiological Society 2009 American Journal of Physiology: Lung cellular and Vol.296 No.4
<P>The mechanism by which E-prostanoid (EP) receptor is critically involved in PGE(2)-induced mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) gene expression in the airway has been unclear. Furthermore, there have been little reports regarding the negative regulatory mechanism and/or proteins that affect PGE(2)-induced MUC5AC overproduction. In the present study, we found that PGE(2) induced MUC5AC gene expression in a dose-dependent manner (EC(50): 73.31 +/- 3.13 nM) and that the EP(2/4)-specific agonist, misoprostol, increased MUC5AC mRNA level, whereas the EP(1/3)-specific agonist, sulprostone, had no effect. Interestingly, the cAMP concentration (685.1 +/- 14.9 pM) of the EC(50) value of EP(4)-mediated cAMP production was much higher than that of EP(2) (462.33 +/- 23.79 pM), suggesting that EP(4) has higher sensitivity to PGE(2) compared with EP(2). Moreover, PGE(2)-induced Muc5ac overproduction was much increased in regulator of G protein signaling (Rgs) 4 knockout (KO) mice compared with wild-type mice at both transcriptional and translational levels, and it was dramatically suppressed in Rgs4 KO mice that had been infected with lentivirus expressing RGS4 (lenti::RGS4) compared with lentivirus expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (lenti::eGFP). Finally, we demonstrate that PGE(2) can induce MUC5AC overproduction via the EP(4) receptor and that RGS4 may have suppressive effects in controlling MUC5AC overexpression in the airway. These findings may provide a molecular paradigm for the development of novel drugs for respiratory diseases.</P>
Shin Hyunjae,Lee Ha Seok,Noh Ji Yun,고준영,Kim So-Young,Park Jeayeon,Chung Sung Won,Hur Moon Haeng,Park Min Kyung,Lee Yun Bin,Kim Yoon Jun,Yoon Jung-Hwan,Ko Jae-Hoon,Peck Kyong Ran,Song Joon Young,Shin E 대한면역학회 2023 Immune Network Vol.23 No.5
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination may non-specifically alter the host immune system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) titer and host immunity in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Consecutive 2,797 CHB patients who had serial HBsAg measurements during antiviral treatment were included in this study. Changes in the HBsAg levels after COVID-19 vaccination were analyzed. The dynamics of NK cells following COVID-19 vaccination were also examined using serial blood samples collected prospectively from 25 healthy volunteers. Vaccinated CHB patients (n=2,329) had significantly lower HBsAg levels 1–30 days post-vaccination compared to baseline (median, −21.4 IU/ml from baseline), but the levels reverted to baseline by 91–180 days (median, −3.8 IU/ml). The velocity of the HBsAg decline was transiently accelerated within 30 days after vaccination (median velocity: −0.06, −0.39, and −0.04 log10 IU/ml/year in pre-vaccination period, days 1–30, and days 31–90, respectively). In contrast, unvaccinated patients (n=468) had no change in HBsAg levels. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the frequency of NK cells expressing NKG2A, an NK inhibitory receptor, significantly decreased within 7 days after the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine (median, −13.1% from baseline; p<0.001). The decrease in the frequency of NKG2A+ NK cells was observed in the CD56dimCD16+ NK cell population regardless of type of COVID-19 vaccine. COVID-19 vaccination leads to a rapid, transient decline in HBsAg titer and a decrease in the frequency of NKG2A+ NK cells.
Sunyu Song,Yeseul Kim,Kiwoong Kwak,Hyeonmin Lee,Hyunjae Park,Young Bong Kim,Hee-Jung Lee,Lin-Woo Kang 생화학분자생물학회 2023 BMB Reports Vol.56 No.11
The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 cleaves 11 sites ofviral polypeptide chains and generates essential non-structuralproteins for viral replication. Mpro is an important drug targetagainst COVID-19. In this study, we developed a real-time fluorometricturn-on assay system to evaluate Mpro proteolyticactivity for a substrate peptide between NSP4 and NSP5. Itproduced reproducible and reliable results suitable for HTSinhibitor assays. Thus far, most inhibitors against Mpro targetthe active site for substrate binding. Mpro exists as a dimer,which is essential for its activity. We investigated the potentialof the Mpro dimer interface to act as a drug target. The dimerinterface is formed of domain II and domain III of each protomer,in which N-terminal ten amino acids of the domain Iare bound in the middle as a sandwich. The N-terminal partprovides approximately 39% of the dimer interface between twoprotomers. In the real-time fluorometric turn-on assay system,peptides of the N-terminal ten amino acids, N10, can inhibitthe Mpro activity. The dimer interface could be a prospectivedrug target against Mpro. The N-terminal sequence can helpdevelop a potential inhibitor.
3-Input/1-Output Logic Implementation Demonstrated by DNA Algorithmic Self-Assembly
Cho, Hyunjae,Mitta, Sekhar Babu,Song, Yongwoo,Son, Junyoung,Park, Suyoun,Ha, Tai Hwan,Park, Sung Ha American Chemical Society 2018 ACS NANO Vol.12 No.5
<P>Although structural DNA nanotechnology is a well-established field, computations performed using DNA algorithmic self-assembly is still in the primitive stages in terms of its adaptability of rule implementation and experimental complexity. Here, we discuss the feasibility of constructing an <I>M</I>-input/<I>N</I>-output logic gate implemented into simple DNA building blocks. To date, no experimental demonstrations have been reported with <I>M</I> > 2 owing to the difficulty of tile design. To overcome this problem, we introduce a special tile referred to as an operator. We design appropriate binding domains in DNA tiles, and we demonstrate the growth of DNA algorithmic lattices generated by eight different rules from among 256 rules in a 3-input/1-output logic. The DNA lattices show simple, linelike, random, and mixed patterns, which we analyze to obtain errors and sorting factors. The errors vary from 0.8% to 12.8% depending upon the pattern complexity, and sorting factors obtained from the experiment are in good agreement with simulation results within a range of 1-18%.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
미디어의 성격별, 자살관련 보도의 스타일에 대한 분석: 인터넷 신문(대안지)과 전통적 신문(연장지)의 차이 비교
유현재 ( Yu Hyunjae ),송지은 ( Song Jieun ) 한국보건사회연구원 2012 保健社會硏究 Vol.32 No.2
본 연구는, 최근 또 다른 자살의 원인이 되는 것으로 인식되며 쟁점화 되고 있는 자살관련 언론 보도에 있어서 활용되는 미디어의 특성에 따라 기사의 내용과 성격이 어떻게 다른지에 대한 현실을 파악하는 내용분석 연구이다. 분석 대상으로는 5개의 전통적 신문 매체와 5개의 인터넷 뉴스 매체를 통해 대중들에게 실제로 전달되고 있는 자살관련 기사들을 활용하였으며, 2011년 상반기(2011년 1월 1일~ 5월 31일)에 집행된 모든 자살관련 기사물들을 주요 키워드로 검색하여 분석하는 전수조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과, 인터넷 매체(인터넷 신문: 대안지)를 통해 공급되는 자살관련 기사들이 자살의 방법 에 대한 상세 표현과 자살자의 신상 소개, 기사 표제의 선정성 등 측면에서 전통적 인 쇄 매체(전통적 신문: 연장지)에 비해 더욱 자극적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 보다 적정 한 자살관련 기사작성을 위해 자살예방협회와 보건복지부 등에서 요구하는 권고사항들 은 인터넷 매체와 전통적 신문매체를 막론하고 그다지 엄밀하게 지켜지지 않고 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. This study is about news articles dealing with suicides which are thought to be one of the critical reasons behind increasing suicide rates in Korea. The researchers investigated how news articles are different from each other in styles depending on the types of news media. As a sample of this study, five traditional newspapers and five Internet news services were chosen along with actual news articles on suicides from January 1, 2011 to May 31, 2011. All articles that appeared in the media during the time period were collected through keyword search in major portal web sites. This study found that there were more articles that provide very detailed information about what methods people used in committing suicide and specific information about the victims, and that use direct expressions in headlines in Internet news media compared to traditional news media. It was also found that the suggestions from the Korea Suicide Prevention Association and the Ministry of Health & Welfare on limiting specific expressions and information which could cause people to commit suicide were not strictly observed both in Internet news services and traditional newspapers.