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전도성 고분자의 전기전도도 향상 연구 및 이를 이용한 투명전극 응용
임소은 ( Soeun Im ),김소연 ( Soyeon Kim ),김세열 ( Seyul Kim ),김선주 ( Felix Sunjoo Kim ),김중현 ( Jung Hyun Kim ) 한국공업화학회 2015 공업화학 Vol.26 No.6
투명 전극의 응용분야가 확대되고 시장의 규모가 커짐에 따라 기존 투명 전극 재료인 ITO (Indium Tin Oxide)를 대체할 차세대 투명전극의 개발에 관심이 집중되고 있다. 다양한 후보군 중에서도 대표적인 전도성 고분자인 PEDOT : PSS [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly(styrene sulfonate)]는 기계적 유연성을 갖고 있으면서도 소재와 공정 상의가격 경쟁력이 크기 때문에 미래 소자 구현을 위한 투명전극 재료로 주목을 받고 있으며, 현재 PEDOT : PSS의 전기전도도 수준을 ITO나 금속의 수준으로 향상시키기 위해 다양한 화학적/물리적 처리를 통한 기능성 향상에 많은 연구가진행 중이다. 본 총설에서는 전도성 고분자의 전기 전도도를 향상시키기 위한 다양한 공정 기술에 대한 연구 현황을짚어보고자 한다. 대표적으로 유기용매, 이온성 액체, 계면활성제 등과 같은 첨가제와 박막에 대한 산 처리 공정, 물리적 인장을 통한 전기전도도 향상 연구를 들 수 있다. 또한 이러한 공정을 적용하여 전도성 고분자 투명 전극을 전자및 에너지 소자에 응용한 사례도 간략히 소개하고자 한다. As the need for next-generation flexible electronics grows, novel materials and technologies that can replace conventional indium tin oxide (ITO) for transparent electrodes have been of great interest. Among them, a conducting polymer, especially poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) is one of the most promising candidates because it is mechanically flexible, inexpensive, and capable of being processed in solution. Currently, there are a lot of research efforts on enhancing its electrical conductivity to the level of ITO or metal electrodes through chemical and/or physical processing. In this review article, we present various additives and pre-/post-deposition processing methods for improving the electrical conductivity of PEDOT : PSS. Some of representative reports are also introduced, which demonstrated the use of conductivity-enhanced PEDOT : PSS as transparent electrodes in electronics and energy conversion.
Soeun Kim,김지영 한국유통과학회 2016 유통과학연구 Vol.14 No.12
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss success factors behind ATO distribution channels by examining successful partnerships between producers and alternative trading organizations (ATOs). Research design, data, and methodology – This is a case study, an analytical approach, which illustrates how the partnership between producers and ATOs has strengthened the fair trade and the performance of participants in the trade based on the example of the trading relationship between Beautiful Coffee, an alternative trading organization dealing coffee related products, and the coffee cooperative union (CCU), a coffee producing cooperative in Gulmi, Nepal. Results – Beautiful Coffee in the partnership with HELVETAS empowered small coffee farmers by a successful institutionalization of CCU that consolidated the distribution channel to be more efficient. Also, Beautiful Coffee and its partnership with KOICA have tried to increase productivity and quality of coffee beans. Conclusions – The case of Beautiful Coffee demonstrates that the partnership between producers and alternative trading organizations (ATOs) has benefited the fair trade partners. In other words, Beautiful Coffee's partnerships with a NGO working in the local producing area, HELVETAS, and a government aid agency, KOICA could strengthen the relationship between the producers and the ATO, and thus contributes to the whole distribution channel.
Soeun Shin,Sun Ran Cho,Hyun Kyung Kim,Hyun-Na Koo,Gil-Hah Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.10
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sülzer, is an important sap-sucking pest of many plants, including Chinese cabbage. The objective of this study was therefore (1) to determine the effects of sublethal concentrations of afidopyropen, sulfoxaflor, and spirotetramat on adult longevity and the fecundity of M. persicae, and (2) to study the feeding behavior of M. persicae on Chinese cabbage leaves treated with various concentrations of these three insecticides. Longevity and total fecundity of M. persicae adults were decreased at concentrations higher than LC30. Feeding behavior analyses using an electrical penetration graph showed that sublethal concentrations of afidopyropen, sulfoxaflor, and spirotetramat had significant effects on the duration of phloem ingestion.
Validated Question Generation System Using SMT Solver
Soeun Kim,Geounyong Park,Yeoeun Sim,Dongkyeom Jang,Yunsik Son 한국경영정보학회 2023 한국경영정보학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.11
We introduce an automated method for generating data structure questions using the SMT Solver 'Z3'. Recognizing challenges in traditional question-setting, which might contain logical errors or lack originality, we focus on generating logically consistent and diverse questions. We harness Z3's EnumSort() and Const() functions for conceptual question creation. For applied questions, three main approaches were employed: generating data structures with specific constraints, deriving accurate solutions for questions, and assessing data structure integrity pre and post specific code execution. The outcome not only refines problem creation but also provides a quality-assured learning platform. By transitioning our findings to a web service, we envision bridging educational gaps caused by location and financial constraints. This initiative offers a novel perspective in the realm of educational assessments.
Kim Hyae Jin,Jeon Soeun,Lee Hyeon-Jeong,Bae Jaeho,Ri Hyun-Su,홍정민,Paek Sung In,Kwon Seul Ki,Kim Jae-Rin,Park Seungbin,Yun Eun-Jung 대한마취통증의학회 2023 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.76 No.6
Background: We investigated the effects of sevoflurane exposure on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), expression and ablation of natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligands (UL16-binding proteins 1–3 and major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related molecules A/B), and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells.Methods: Three human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-453, and HCC-70) were incubated with 0 (control), 600 (S6), or 1200 μM (S12) sevoflurane for 4 h. The gene expression of NKG2D ligands and their protein expression on cancer cell surfaces were measured using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and flow cytometry, respectively. Protein expression of MMP-1 and -2 and the concentration of soluble NKG2D ligands were analyzed using western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Results: Sevoflurane downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of the NKG2D ligand in a dose-dependent manner in MCF-7, MDA-MB-453, and HCC-70 cells but did not affect the expression of MMP-1 or -2 or the concentration of soluble NKG2D ligands in the MCF-7, MDA-MB-453, and HCC-70 cells. Sevoflurane attenuated NK cell-mediated cancer cell lysis in a dose-dependent manner in MCF-7, MDA-MB-453, and HCC-70 cells (P = 0.040, P = 0.040, and P = 0.040, respectively).Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that sevoflurane exposure attenuates NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. This could be attributed to a sevoflurane-induced decrease in the transcription of NKG2D ligands rather than sevoflurane-induced changes in MMP expression and their proteolytic activity.
Kim, Dae-Yoon,Kim, Soeun,Lee, Sang-A,Choi, Young-Eun,Yoon, Won-Jin,Kuo, Shiao-Wei,Hsu, Chih-Hao,Huang, Mingjun,Lee, Seung Hee,Jeong, Kwang-Un American Chemical Society 2014 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.118 No.12
<P>For liquid crystal (LC) alignment, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) can be considered as one of the promising candidates for the formation of vertical alignment (VA) of LC. However, because of their poor compatibility and weak interaction with LC hosts, the pristine POSS are highly aggregate themselves in the LC media and create the macroscopic particles, resulting in severe light scatterings. To overcome this barrier, we proposed and successfully synthesized the cyanobiphenyl monosubstituted POSS giant molecule (abbreviated as POSS-CBP<SUB>1</SUB>), which showed an excellent dispersion in nematic (N) LC media and formed the perfect VA of LC without using conventional polymer-based VA layers. On the basis of the systematic experiments and careful analysis, we realized that the cyanobiphenyl moiety chemically attached to the pristine POSS with an alkyl chain can significantly improve the initial solubility and interaction with LC media but finely tune POSS-CBP<SUB>1</SUB> to gradually diffuse onto the substrate of LC cell for the formation of VA layer without forming the macroscopic aggregations. Therefore, the newly developed POSS-CBP<SUB>1</SUB> VA layer can allow us to significantly cut the manufacturing cost as well as to open the new doors for electro-optical applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-12/jp4126396/production/images/medium/jp-2013-126396_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp4126396'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>