TATS: an Efficient Technique for Computing Temporal Aggregates for Data Warehousing

Shin, Young-Ok,Park, Sung-Kong,Baik, Doo-Kwon,Ryu, Keun-Ho Electronics and Telecommunications Research Instit 2000 ETRI Journal Vol.22 No.3

An important use of data warehousing is to provide temporal views over the history of source data. It is significant that nearly all data warehouses are dependent on relational database technology, yet relational databases provide little or no real support for temporal data. Therefore, in is difficult to obtain accurate information for time-varying data. In this paper, we are going to design a temporal data warehouse to support time-varying data efficiently. For this purpose, we present a method to support temporal query by combining a temporal query process layer with the relational database which is used as a source database in an existing data warehouse. We introduce the Temporal Aggregate Tree Strategy (TATS), and suggest its algorithm for the way to aggregate the time-varying data that is changed by the time when the temporal view is created. In addition, The TATS and the materialized view creation method of the existing data warehouse have been evaluated. As a result, the TATS reduces the size of the fact table and it shows a good performance for the comparison factor in case of processing the query for time-varying data.

Bupivacaine-induced Vasodilation Is Mediated by Decreased Calcium Sensitization in Isolated Endothelium-denuded Rat Aortas Precontracted with Phenylephrine

Ok, Seong Ho,Bae, Sung Il,Kwon, Seong Chun,Park, Jung Chul,Kim, Woo Chan,Park, Kyeong Eon,Shin, Il Woo,Lee, Heon Keun,Chung, Young Kyun,Choi, Mun Jeoung,Sohn, Ju Tae The Korean Pain Society 2014 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.27 No.3

Background: A toxic dose of bupivacaine produces vasodilation in isolated aortas. The goal of this in vitro study was to investigate the cellular mechanism associated with bupivacaine-induced vasodilation in isolated endothelium-denuded rat aortas precontracted with phenylephrine. Methods: Isolated endothelium-denuded rat aortas were suspended for isometric tension recordings. The effects of nifedipine, verapamil, iberiotoxin, 4-aminopyridine, barium chloride, and glibenclamide on bupivacaine concentration-response curves were assessed in endothelium-denuded aortas precontracted with phenylephrine. The effect of phenylephrine and KCl used for precontraction on bupivacaine-induced concentration-response curves was assessed. The effects of verapamil on phenylephrine concentration-response curves were assessed. The effects of bupivacaine on the intracellular calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) and tension in aortas precontracted with phenylephrine were measured simultaneously with the acetoxymethyl ester of a fura-2-loaded aortic strip. Results: Pretreatment with potassium channel inhibitors had no effect on bupivacaine-induced relaxation in the endothelium-denuded aortas precontracted with phenylephrine, whereas verapamil or nifedipine attenuated bupivacaine-induced relaxation. The magnitude of the bupivacaine-induced relaxation was enhanced in the 100mM KCl-induced precontracted aortas compared with the phenylephrine-induced precontracted aortas. Verapamil attenuated the phenylephrine-induced contraction. The magnitude of the bupivacaine-induced relaxation was higher than that of the bupivacaine-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ decrease in the aortas precontracted with phenylephrine. Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggest that toxic-dose bupivacaine-induced vasodilation appears to be mediated by decreased calcium sensitization in endothelium-denuded aortas precontracted with phenylephrine. In addition, potassium channel inhibitors had no effect on bupivacaine-induced relaxation. Toxic-dose bupivacaine-induced vasodilation may be partially associated with the inhibitory effect of voltage-operated calcium channels.

Myocardial protective effect by ulinastatin via an anti-inflammatory response after regional ischemia/reperfusion injury in an in vivo rat heart model

Shin, Il-Woo,Jang, In-Seok,Lee, Seung-Min,Park, Kyeong-Eon,Ok, Seong-Ho,Sohn, Ju-Tae,Lee, Heon-Keun,Chung, Young-Kyun The Korean Society of Anesthesiologists 2011 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.61 No.6

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Ulinastatin has anti-inflammatory properties and protects organs from ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ulinastatin provides a protective effect on a regional myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in an in vivo rat heart model and to determine whether the anti-inflammatory response is related to its myocardial protective effect.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Rats were randomized to two groups. One group is received ulinastatin (50,000 U/kg or 100,000 U/kg) diluted in normal saline and the other group is received normal saline, which was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before the ischemic insult. Reperfusion after 30 min of ischemia of the left coronary artery territory was applied. Hemodynamic measurements were recorded serially during 6 h after reperfusion. After the 6 h reperfusion, myocardial infarct size, cardiac enzymes, myeloperoxidase activity, and inflammatory cytokine levels were compared between the ulinastatin treated and untreated groups.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Ulinastatin improved cardiac function and reduced infarct size after regional ischemia/reperfusion injury. Ulinastatin significantly attenuated tumor necrosis factor-α expression and reduced myeloperoxidase activity.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Ulinastatin showed a myocardial protective effect after regional ischemia/reperfusion injury in an in vivo rat heart model. This protective effect of ulinastatin might be related in part to ulinastatin's ability to inhibit myeloperoxidase activity and decrease expression of tumor necrosis factor-α.</P>

Evaluation of the health status of preschool children stratified based on the weight-length index (WLI)

Shin, Kyung-Ok,Chung, Keun-Hee,Park, Hyun-Suh The Korean Nutrition Society 2010 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol. No.

This study was conducted to prepare basic materials and offer advice regarding dietary habits to prevent and cure childhood obesity by comparing and analyzing dietary habit, nutritional status, blood factors, and mineral contents of hair. All subjects were stratified by their weight-length index (WLI). According to the standard WLI values, 64.9% of children were within the normal value, 13.5% of children were underweight, and 21.6% of children were overweight and obese (WLI ${\geq}$ 110%). Overall, the score assessed dietary habit for all children was $21.32{\pm}2.55$ point (921 subjects), with 5.1% of children having excellent dietary habits and 3.1% having poor dietary habits. Additionally, 37.9% of underweight children, 37.6% of normal weight children, and 43.2% of overweight and obese children consumed higher amounts of protein than underweight children did (meat, fish, eggs, and soy products) (P < 0.05). Overweight and obese children consumed more fried foods than underweight or normal weight children (P < 0.05). Moreover, 38.0% of the children had hemoglobin levels of 12 g/dl, while 7.6% were anemic (11.1 g/dl). When a hematocrit level of 33% was taken as the standard, 11.0% of children were anemic. The plasma transferrin content was $263.76{\pm}54.52$ mg/dl in overweight and obese children. The mean values of Fe, Cu, Ca, Cr, Mn, Se, Na, K, Li, V, Co, and Mo were within the reference values, but the Zn concentrations of underweight, normal weight, and overweight and obese children were $67.97{\pm}28.51$ ppm, $70.09{\pm}30.81$ ppm, and $73.99{\pm}30.36$ ppm, respectively. The Zn concentration of overweight and obese children ($73.99{\pm}30.36$ ppm) was lower than that of the standard value (180~220 ppm). Therefore, a nutritional education program and new guidance for dietary pattern should be developed to reduce the number of underweight and overweight and obese children.

The Comparison of Nutrient Intakes and Blood Profiles between Male Smokers and Non-Smokers

Shin, Kyung-Ok,Ahn, Chang-Hoon,Hwang, Hyo-Jeong,Choi, Kyung-Soon,Lee, Jeong-Sig,Chung, Keun-Hee The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2008 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.13 No.2

The aim of this study was to compare nutrient intakes, dietary habits, and blood components of smokers with non-smokers in the Seoul area and its vicinity. The results showed that non-smokers had higher intakes of brown rice, grains, fruit, vegetable and kimchi than the smokers. Smokers consumed more protein (p<0.001), vitamin B1 (p<0.001), vitamin B2 (p<0.007), niacin (p<0.0001), zinc (p<0.031) and phosphorus (p<0.005) than did non-smokers, whereas non-smokers' intakes of vitamin A (p<0.037), and folic acid (p<0.043) was higher than that of smokers. Individuals who smoked tended to have significantly higher levels of hemoglobin and monocytes. There were no significant differences by smoking status for dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which were in normal ranges. No significant differences by smoking status were shown for plasma homocysteine, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, vitamin C, and vitamin A. In conclusion, because smokers maintain a less healthy diet and life-style, it is to be recommended that educational programs be developed for smokers, guiding them into adopting better dietary habits in order to maintain and improve their health.

ORiginal Article : Clinical Outcomes of the Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Early Gastric Cancer Are Comparable between Absolute and New Expanded Criteria

( Keun Young Shin ),( Seong Woo Jeon ),( Kwang Bum Cho ),( Kyung Sik Park ),( Eun Soo Kim ),( Chang Keun Park ),( Yun Jin Chung ),( Joong Goo Kwon ),( Jin Tae Jung ),( Eun Young Kim ),( Kyeong Ok Kim The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2015 Gut and Liver Vol.9 No.2

Background/Aims: Advances in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) techniques have led to the development of expanded criteria for endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer (EGC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes for ESD using indication criteria. Methods: A total of 1,105 patients underwent ESD for EGC at six medical centers. The patients were classified into the following two groups based on the lesion size, presence of ulceration and pathological review: an absolute criteria group (n=517) and an expanded criteria group (n=588). Results: The curative resection rates (91.1% vs 91.3%, p=0.896) were similar in the absolute criteria group and the expanded criteria group. The en bloc resection rates (93.4% and 92.3%, respectively; p=0.488) and complete resection rates (98.3% and 97.4%, respectively; p=0.357) did not differ between the groups. The cumulative disease-free survival rates and the overall survival rates were similar between the groups (p=0.778 and p=0.654, respectively). Independent factors for the curative resection of EGC included tumor location (upper vs middle and lower, 2.632 [1.128-6.144] vs 3.497 [1.560-7.842], respectively) and en bloc resection rate 12.576 [7.442-21.250]. Conclusions: The expanded criteria for ESD in cases of EGC is comparable with the widely accepted pre-existing criteria. (Gut Liver, 2015;9:181-187)

Study on the obesity and nutrition status of housewives in Seoul and Kyunggi area

Keun-Hee Chung,Kyung-Ok Shin,Jin-A Yoon,Kyung Soon Choi 한국영양학회 2011 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.5 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate the rate of obesity of 212 women (age 45-60 years) in Seoul and the Kyunggi area through analysis of BMI and the dietary life factors related to obesity using a survey on dietary habits, dietary assessment, and nutrient intake. The height of the underweight group was taller than normal. The height of the obese group was equal to that of the normal group, but the weight was 8.5 kg greater than the normal group. Women in the underweight group consumed meals irregularly, and only 33.4% ate breakfast. Additionally, the rate of overeating was low in the underweight group, and milk, dairy products (yogurt, etc.), fruit, and fruit juice were consumed more than once a day. It was found that 62.1% of the women in the obese group never ate out, and the rate of eating one serving of fruit, drinking one cup of fruit juice, and eating various kinds of foods was high. The average point of women’s dietary life was 21.9 ± 2.9, and 12.7% of all women responded that their dietary life was good. However, in the obese group, only 6.9% of the women reported that their dietary life was good. Evaluation of snacking habits revealed that the underweight group consumed a high level of carbonated drinks and ice cream, whereas for in the obese group, 24.1% of the women consumed milk and its products and 5.6% regularly consumed fast and fried foods. Evaluation of nutrient intake revealed that the consumption of energy, protein, vitamin A, vitamin B1, B2, B6, niacin, vitamin C, and vitamin E was high in all of the groups, but the intake of folic acid in the underweight group was lower than the required level. Overall, 24.1% of the women in the obese group were found to have metabolic diseases, mostly hypertension (43%). In conclusion, a balanced diet to avoid excessive nutrient intake is needed to prevent obesity.

Effects of taurine on cadmium exposure in muscle, gill, and bone tissues of Carassius auratus

Keun-Hee Chung,Kyung-Ok Shin,Il-Su Yoo,Kyung-Soon Choi 대한지역사회영양학회 2013 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.7 No.1

This study was performed in order to investigate the effects of taurine on cadmium poisoning in muscle, gill, and bone tissues of wild goldfish. For this experiment, 80 wild goldfish were divided into four experimental groups: 0.3 mg/L of cadmium and 0 mg/L of taurine (Group Ⅰ), 0.3 mg/L of cadmium and 20 mg/kg of taurine (Group Ⅱ), 0.3 mg/L of cadmium and 40 mg/L of taurine (Group Ⅲ), and 0.3 mg/L of cadmium and 80 mg/L of taurine (Group Ⅳ). The results were as follows: The cadmium concentration in muscle tissue of wild goldfish was 0.65-3.21 mg/kg wet wt in GroupⅠ, whereas it decreased in Group Ⅳ. Levels of cadmium in gill tissue of wild goldfish were 16.57-42.39 mg/kg wet wt in Group Ⅰ, 15.23-43.01 mg/kg wet wt in Group Ⅱ, 15.11-39.56 mg/kg wet wt in Group Ⅲ, and 13.15-38.55 mg/kg wet wt in Group Ⅳ (P < 0.05), suggesting that the cadmium concentration decreased in the experimental groups compared to control. The cadmium concentration in bone tissue of wild goldfish after 28 days was 0.52-9.75 mg/kg in Group Ⅱ, whereas it increased in Group Ⅲ (P < 0.05). In conclusion, taurine may have a preventive effect against cadmium accumulation in biological tissues.

Chemical composition of nuts and seeds sold in Korea

Keun Hee Chung,Kyung Ok Shin,Hyo Jeong Hwang,Kyung-Soon Choi 한국영양학회 2013 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.7 No.2

Eleven types of nuts and seeds were analyzed to determine their energy (326-733 mg), moisture (1.6-18.3 mg), carbohydrate (8.8-70.9 mg), protein (4.9-30.5 mg), lipid (2.5-69.8 mg), and ash (1.2-5.5 mg) contents per 100 g of sample. Energy content was highest in pine nuts (733 mg/100 g), carbohydrate level was highest in dried figs (70.9 mg/100 g) and protein was highest in peanuts (30.5 mg/100 g). The amino acid compositions of nuts and seeds were characterized by the dominance of hydrophobic (range = 1,348.6-10,284.6 mg), hydrophilic (range = 341.1-3,244.3 mg), acidic (range = 956.1-8,426.5 mg), and basic (range = 408.6-4,738.5 mg) amino acids. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were highest in macadamia nuts (81.3%), whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were highest in the walnuts (76.7%). Macadamia nuts did not contain any vitamin E, whereas sunflower seeds contained the highest level (60.3 mg/kg). Iron (Fe) content was highest in pumpkin seeds (95.85±33.01 ppm), zinc (Zn) content was highest in pistachios (67.24±30.25 ppm), copper (Cu) content was greatest in walnuts (25.45±21.51 ppm), and lead (Pb) content was greatest in wheat nuts (25.49±4.64 ppm), significantly (P < 0.05). In conclusion, current commercial nuts and seeds have no safety concerns, although further analysis of Pb contents is necessary to ensure safety.

Effects of Copper, Zinc and Cadmium on the Recovery Pattern of Aryl Sulfotransferase Ⅳ Activity in Rats fed 2-Acetylaminofluorene Diet

Keun Hee Chung,David P. Ringer,Kyung Ok Shin 한국영양학회 2006 Nutritional Sciences Vol.9 No.1

Purified rat liver aryl sulfotransferase Ⅳ (AST Ⅳ) was found to be inhibited in vitro by zinc, copper, cadmium and terbium, Among these four elements, zinc, copper and cadmium were all strongly inhibitory to the AST Ⅳ activity at very low concentratiom (2.5 ㎛ to 0.025 ㎛). In rat liver cytosol, zinc, copper and cadmium at 25 ㎛ to 0.025 ㎛ also decreased the AST Ⅳ activity to 50% of the controls. In order to assess the possible effects of these metals on the AST Ⅳ activity recovery pattern in vivo, studies on the relationship between these minerals and dietary 2-acetylaminofluorene were conducted Total of forty rats were fed one of five diets for 6 weeks: diet 1, Control diet phis 2-acetlyaminofluorene (0.05%); diet 2, zinc-deficient diet plus 2-acetlyaminofluorene; diet 3, zinc-supplement diet plus 2-acetylaminofluorene; diet 4, copper-supplement diet plus 2-acetiyaminofluorene; diet 5, cadmium-supplement diet plus 2-acetylaminofluorene. Half of the rats from each diet were changed to individual diet after 3 weeks of 2-acetylamnofluorene feeding. Placement of rats on the control diet following one cycle of 2-acetylaminofluorene feeding of 3 weeks without 2-acetylaminofluorene resulted in nearly full recovery of AST Ⅳ activity within 3 or 4 weeks. However, the rats fed diets that supplemented with zinc, copper or cadmium without 2-acetylaminofluorene showed a new pattern of lowered AST Ⅳ activity as early as the first cycle. Also, lowering in cytosolic AST Ⅳ contents was appeared in the Iivers from the rats, following one cycle of 2-acetlyaminofluorene feeding of 3 weeks, fed one of the diets that supplemented with copper, cadmium or zinc without 2-acetylaminofluorene for ensuing 3 weeks.