1630년대 심양 사행일기의 면모 -<심양사행일기>와 <심양왕환일기>를 중심으로

신해진 ( Hae Jin Shin ) 택민국학연구원 2015 국학연구론총 Vol.0 No.16

선약해(宣若海)의 <심양사행일기(瀋陽使行日記)>와 위정철(魏廷喆)의 <심양왕환일기(瀋陽往還日記)>의 연구를 통해 1630년대 심양 사행일기의 구체적 면모와 전반적특징을 살피고자 하였다. <심양사행일기>는 1630년 선약해가 위문사(慰問使)로서, <심양왕환일기>는 1631년 위정철이 회답사(回答使)로서 심양에 다녀온 일기이다. 둘다 사신으로서 공식 임무를 수행한 일지이자, 중원의 정세 정탐보고서이기도 하다. 먼저, 사신으로서 공식 임무 수행 과정에서는 공격적인 불손한 후금인들을 상대하며 목숨을 내놓고 임무를 수행하는 사신의 모습을 만날 수 있었다. 선약해는 ‘가도(가島)의 명군에게 쌀 제공 여부’를 놓고 집중적으로 추궁을 당하면서 또한 ‘변발한 사람을 쇄환하는 일, 후금의 잠상(潛商)들을 정벌한 일, 군사를 빌려주는 일’ 등에 대해 갈등과 마찰을 빚는 가운데 조선의 국서 전달 및 후금의 분노를 달래는 임무를 수행하였다. 반면, 위정철은 ‘가도의 변란 뒤에 일어날 상황’에 대한 관심을 갖고 있으면서 ‘예물의 감소에 대해 불만’을 품고 있으며 ‘변발한 사람의 쇄환’을 요구하는 후금에게 당당하게 대응하기도 하고 옹색한 사정을 들어 달래기도 하고 어쩔 수 없이 요구를 들어주기도하면서 조선의 국서 및 예물을 전달하는 임무를 수행하였다. 게다가 위정철은 후금으로부터 대금을 받고 약재(藥材)을 거래하기도 하고, 후금에 귀순한 조선인의 쇄환을 요구하기도 하였다. 하지만 둘 다 후금의 회답국서를 받지 못한 채 귀국해야 했다. 다음으로, 다양한 방법으로 명나라와 후금의 정세 등을 정탐한 첩보의 구체적 양상을 알 수 있었다. 뇌물을 주고 호인을 매수하기도 하고, 길에서 만난 농부에게 은근슬쩍 돌려 묻기도 하고, 호인들끼리 하는 말을 엿듣기도 하여 얻은 정보를 빠짐없이 기록하고 있다. 뿐만 아니라, 포로로 잡혀간 조선인들, 조선에서 죄를 짓고 후금에 투항한 자들의 근황에도 촉각을 세우고 있다. 향후 조선의 정치적 외교적 행보를 결정하는데 중요한 단초를 마련하고자 명과 후금의 정세를 상세하게 기록하고자 한 것이다. 그리고 <심양사행일기>와 <심양왕환일기>는 모두 후금의 차사들과의 대화를 그대로 옮겨놓음으로써 사신들의 고충과 노력에 대한 형상화를 극대화할 수 있었고, 포로조선인 및 후금인들과의 대화나 제보를 그대로 옮겨놓음으로써 첩보의 신빙성을 높일수 있었으니, 이는 사실성을 확보에도 기여하는 것이어서 실기로서 그 가치가 인정된다 하겠다. This paper studies Seon Yak-hae(宣若海)``s <Simyang sahaeng ilgi> (Consolation Messenger``s Diary about Shenyang Travel), and Wi Jeong-cheol (魏廷喆)``s <Simyang wanghwan ilgi> (Reconciliation Messenger``s Diary of Shenyang Travel) to examine Simyang sahaeng ilgi in the 1630s. <Simyang sahaeng ilgi> was written in 1630 by Seon Yak-hae after he visited Simyang as a consolation messenger, and <Simyang wanghwan ilgi> was written in 1631 by Wi Jeong-cheol after he visited Simyang as a reconciliation messenger. Both are diaries on official missions and intelligence reports on China at the same time. Seon Yak-hae was intensively questioned about whether Joseon(朝鮮) provided rice to Ming(明) troops in Gado(가島), and faced conflicts and confrontations over the repatriation of pigtailed people, subjugation of Later Jin (後金) smugglers(潛商), and the lending of troops, and yet carried out his missions of delivering Joseon``s credentials and appeasing Later Jin``s wrath. On the other hand, Wi Jeong-cheol boldly responded to Later Jin which was deeply concerned about possible civil war in Gado, which was dissatisfied over the reduced tributes, and which requested the repatriation of pigtailed people. He listened to their mean excuses and appeased them, reluctantly accepted their demands, and yet carried out his missions of delivering Joseon``s credentials and tributes. They as emissaries carried out their official missions, even risking their lives, as they handled the aggressive, impolite Later Jin officials. Seon Yak-hae and Wi Jeong-cheol tried to get the intelligence about the political situations of Later Jin and Ming in diverse ways. To do that, they bribed people, asked farmers on the roads, eavesdropped on the Chinese. In this way, they gathered and recorded all these intelligence. They also were keen about the captured Joseon people and Joseon people who defected to Later Jin after they committed felonies in Joseon. To determine Joseon``s future political and diplomatic strategy, the two emissaries recorded the political situations of Ming and Later Jin in detail. <Simyang sahaeng ilgi> and <Simyang wanghwan ilgi> recorded the emissaries`` talks with Later Jin``s officials to fully show their difficulty and efforts. They also recorded the talks with and intelligence about the captured Joseon people and Later Jin people so as to boost the reliability of the intelligence, but also contributed to securing the factual truth, offering tremendous values as actual records(實記).

제이피아이헬스케어(주)에 대한 사례연구

김진원(Jin-Won Kim),신제구(Je-Goo Shin) 한국경영사학회 2022 經營史學 Vol.102 No.-

본 연구는 제이피아이헬스케어(주)의 기업역사에 대해 창업자인 김삼조 회장의 경영 시기(1980~2002)와 2세 경영자인 김진원 사장의 경영 시기(2002~2019) 중에서 회사의성과에 중요한 영향을 미친 사건들을 연대기별로 선정하여 경영자의 관점에서 서술하였다. 특히 김진원 사장의 경영 시기 동안 진행되었던 주요 사건들에 대해 실제 의사결정을했던 경영자가 직접 그 배경과 의사결정 이유, 그리고 그에 따른 성과에 대해 직접 설명한 논문은 매우 드문 만큼 이번 연구의 가치가 높다고 판단하였다. 또한, 이번 연구에서는 김진원 사장이 기업성과에 중대한 영향을 미치는 주요 요소로서 자원기반관점 이론을바탕으로 경영자의 자질, 기업 내부와 연관된 사람과 조직, 그리고 기업 외부와 연관된시장전략들과 관련한 주요 사건들을 선정하여 서술하였다. 그러므로, 이번 연구를 통해 실제 중소기업을 성공적으로 경영했던 경영자가 그 기업의 역사 중 주요 사건들에 대해 타인들은 알 수 없는 의사결정 과정을 직접 서술함으로써다른 중소기업 경영자들에게 실무적인 시사점을 전달하고자 하였다. 특히 2세 경영자가창업자의 사후에 어려워진 기업의 위기상황을 잘 극복하여 결국 수출중심의 강한 중소기업으로 회사를 성장시켜 나갔던 주요 과정들에 관한 서술은 유사한 상황에 있는 중소기업경영자들이나 가업을 물려받을 2세 경영자들에게 많은 시사점을 제시할 수 있을 것으로판단하였다. This study examines the history of JPI Healthcare during the period of leadership by the founder, Mr. Sam-Jo Kim (1980~2002), and by his successor, Mr. Jin-Won Kim (2002~2019). Mr. Jin-Won Kim carefully selected some key events that impacted the business performance of JPI Healthcare during his leadership period, annotating them with his own narratives about the internal reason and background behind his business decisions. Since primary self-study of a business leader is exceptionally rare, this study should be considered valuable. Additionally, Mr. Jin-Won Kim, a capable business leader himself, chose and described some important events related to three valuables that impact business performance: competency of executive, organizational culture and human capital, and effectiveness of market strategy based on Resource-based view theory. Therefore, this study will aid business leaders in SME(Small-Medium Enterprise) who are seeking appropriate solutions to overcome difficult business situations or strategies to develop their companies into strongly globalized SMEs. Furthermore, there are many practical implications available for future business leaders who are planning to succeed enterprises.

일반논문 : <심양왕환일기>의 저자 고증

신해진 ( Hae Jin Shin ) 한국고전연구학회 2014 한국고전연구 Vol.0 No.29

정묘호란과 병자호란 사이에 후금과 조선의 외교적 교섭에 관한 중요사료라 할 수 있는 <심양왕환일기(瀋陽往還日記)>는 1631년 3월 19일부터 4월 30일까지 장계(狀啓) 형식으로 거의 매일 기록한 사행일기(使行日記)인데, 후금의 정세뿐만 아니라 그 명나라 및 몽골과의 관계에 관한 낌새까지 기사가 상세하다. 이 일기는 위순량(魏順良)의 소장본을 1927년 베껴 옮긴 등초본이다. 그간 이 문헌의 저자는 일기의 내용을 충분히 검토도 하지 않은 채 빈약한 근거를 통해 1631년 춘신사(春信使) 박난영(朴蘭英)으로 추정되어 왔다. 이러한 추정에 대해, 이 글은 1631년의 춘신사로서 박난영, 선유사(宣諭使)로서 박난영 등으로 행적을 나누어 각종 문헌자료를 살펴봄으로써 잘못된 것임을 밝혔다. 또한 조선사편수회가 1935년에 편찬한『조선사료집진』 및 『조선사료집진해설』의 자료에서 새로운 근거를 찾아냄으로써 입증의 단서를 마련하고 각종 문헌자료를 통해 위정철(魏廷喆)이 저자임을 입증하였으며, 그 인물의 간략한 일대기도 아울러 정리하였다. 위정철은 위손량과 10대의 방조(傍祖)와 방손(傍孫) 사이였다. <Simyangwanghwan Ilgi (瀋陽往還日記, Diary on Travel to and from Shenyang)> is an important historical record on diplomatic negotiations between Later Jin Dynasty(後金) and Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮) during the Jeongmyohoran(丁卯胡亂) and Byeongjahoran(丙子胡亂). It was an envoy``s diary which was written in the form of a report to the king nearly every day from March 19 to April 30, 1631. It details not only the Later Jin``s political situations but also movements about its relations with Ming(明) and Mongolia(蒙古). This diary is the transcript which was copied from the copy possessed by Wi Sun Ryang(魏順良) in 1927. The author of this literature was presumed to be Park Nan-yeong(朴蘭英), a Chunsinsa(春信使) envoy appointed in 1631, based on poor grounds without reviewing the contents of the diary. Regarding this presumption, this study examined literature on Park Nan-yeong as a Chunsinsa envoy, and on Park Nan-yeong as a Seonyusa(宣諭使) envoy, proving that such presumption was wrong. Also, 『Collection of Joseon Historical Records(朝鮮史料集眞)』 and 『Interpretation of Collection of Joseon Historical Records(朝鮮史料集眞解說)』, compiled in 1935 by Joseon History Compilation Association(朝鮮史編修會) were explored, and other literatures were also examined, proving that Wi Jeong Cheol(魏廷喆) is the author of the diary. His brief biography was also mentioned. Wi Jeong Cheol was a tenth-generation descendant of Wi Sun Ryang.

영어교실에서 교사와 학생간의 상호 대화 촉진 방안

신용진 대한언어학회 1999 언어학 Vol.7 No.1

Shin, Yong Jin. 1999. The Interaction of Teacher-Talk and Student-Talk in the Foreign Language Classroom. Linguistics, 7-1, 283-303. The instructions of the English teacher provided few opportunities for student-to-teacher or student-to-student communication. The result was minimal student/teacher interaction directed toward promoting communication skills -- not unidirectional instruction. Successful language acquisition cannot be explained, it must be experiencd. Reciprocal student/teacher interaction promotes this. Creating a dynamic social environment in the classroom requires use of visual aids, including multimedia materials, graded to the students' level. First, basic communication must be established between student and teacher. Second, encouragement of interactive questions relating to required text material, as well as visual/multimedia presentations, will help provide opportunities for student/teacher interaction. (Chosbuk National University)

Mongolian Gerbil과 CJU/A Mouse의 와우에서 βNADPH Diaphorase의 발현 양상

추무진,김진섭,송창근,신시옥,진홍률 대한이비인후과학회 1999 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.42 No.11

Conceptual Study for Tissue-Regenerative Biodegradable Magnesium Implant Integrated with Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanofi bers

Jin‑Kyung Jeon,Hyunseon Seo,Jimin Park,Soo Ji Son,Yeong Rim Kim,Eun Shil Kim,Jong Woong Park,Woong‑Gyo Jung,Hojeong Jeon,Yu‑Chan Kim,Hyun‑Kwang Seok,Jae Ho Shin,Myoung‑Ryul Ok 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.4

The excessive initial corrosion rate of Mg is a critical limitation in the clinical application of biodegradable Mg implantsbecause the device loses its fi xation strength before the fractured bone heals. This study suggests a new approach to overcomethis hurdle by accelerating tissue regeneration instead of delaying the implant biodegradation. As angiogenesis is anessential process in early bone regeneration, a Mg implant coated with electrospun nanofi bers containing nitric oxide (NO),which physiologically promotes angiogenesis, is designed. The integrated device enables adjustable amounts of NO to bestored on the NO donor-conjugated nanofi ber coating, stably delivered, and released to the fractured bone tissue near theimplanted sites. An in vitro corrosion test reveals no adverse eff ect of the released NO on the corrosion behavior of the Mgimplant. Simultaneously, the optimal concentration level of NO released from the implant signifi cantly enhances tube networkformation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells without any cytotoxicity problem. This indicates that angiogenesis canbe accelerated by combining NO-releasing nanofi bers with a Mg implant. With its proven feasibility, the proposed approachcould be a novel solution for the initial stability problem of biodegradable Mg implants, leading to successful bone fi xation.

두 가지 축구 골킥 동작의 운동역학적 비교 분석

진영완,신제민 한국운동역학회 2005 한국운동역학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Y. W. JIN, J. M. SHIN. Biomechanical Comparative Analysis of Two Goal-Kick Motion in Soccer. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 29-44, 2005. The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of two different kicks, the drop kick and the punt kick, into the kicking motion, through the kinetic comparative analysis of the kicking motion, which is conducted when one kicks a soccer goal. To grasp kinetic changing factors, which is performed by individual's each body segment, I connected kicking motions, which were analyzed by a two dimension co-ordination, into the personal computer to concrete the digits of it and smoothed by 10Hz. Using the smoothed data, I found a needed kinematical data by inputting an analytical program into the computer. The result of comparative analysis of two kicking motions can be summarized as below. 1. There was not a big difference between the time of the loading phase and the time of the swing phase, which can affect the exact impact and the angle of balls aviation direction. 2. The two kicks were not affected the timing and the velocity of the kicking leg's segment. 3. In the goal kick motion, the maximum velocity timing of the kicking leg's lower segment showed the following orders: the thigh(-0.06sec), the lower leg(-0.05sec), the foot(-0.018sec) in the drop kick, and the thigh(-0.06sec), the lower leg(-0.05sec), the foot(-0.015sec) in the punt kick. It showed that whipping motion increases the velocity of the foot at the time of impact. 4. At the time of impact, there was not a significant difference in the supporting leg's knee and ankle. When one does the punt kick, the subject spreads out his hip joint more at the time of impact. 5. When the impact performed, kicking leg's every segment was similar. Because the height of the ball is higher in the punt kick than in the drop kick, the subject has to stretch the knees more when he kicks a ball, so there is a significant affect on the angle and the distance of the ball's flying. 6. When one performs the drop kick, the stride is 0.02m shorter than the punt kick, and the ratio of height of the drop kick is 0.05 smaller than the punt kick. This difference greatly affects the center of the ball, the supporting leg's location, and the location of the center of gravity with the center of the ball at the time of impact. 7. Right before the moment of the impact, the center of gravity was located from the center of the ball, the height of the drop kick was 0.67m ratio of height was 0.37, and the height of the punt kick was 0.65m ratio of height was 0.36. The drop kick was located more to the back 0.21m ratio of height was 0.12, the punt kick was located more to the back 0.28m ratio of height was 0.16. 8. There was not a significant difference in the absolute angle of incidence and the maximum distance, but the absolute velocity of incidence showed a significant difference. This difference is caused from that whether players have the time to perform of not; the drop kick is used when the players have time to perform, and punt kick is used when the players launch a shifting attack. 9. The surface reaction force of the supporting leg had some relation with the approaching angle. Vertical reaction force (Fz) showed some differences in the two movements(p<0.05). The maximum force of the right and left surface reaction force (Fx) didn't have much differences (p<0.05), but it showed the tendency that the maximum force occurs before the peak force of the front and back surface (Fy) occurs.

지역사회 거주 노인에서 장애 변화의 예측인자

신희영,신일선,김재민,김성완,양수진,윤진상 대한신경정신의학회 2008 신경정신의학 Vol.47 No.2

Objectives : This study aimed to identify the predictors for change in disability measured by the Korean version of World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS II-K) m community-dwelling elderly population. Methods : Of 1204 community participants aged 65 years or over, 717 were reevaluated by WHODAS II-K 2 years later. At baseline, information on demographic characteristics (age, gender, living area, marital status, and religion), socioeconomic status (education, type of accommodation, number of rooms, previous occupation, current employment, and social network), and clinical characteristics (number of physical illness, depression by the Korean version of Geriatric Mental State Schedule B3, and cognitive impairment by Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination) were collected. Results : Scores on the WHODAS II-K increased by 17.5 in 2 years. Age (B coefficient 0.52, 95% CI : 0.21~0.84), number of rooms (B coefficient -1.92, 95% CI : -3.53~-0.30), and depression (B coefficient 1.84, 95% CI : 0.43~3.25) were independently significant predictors for change in disability. Conclusion : Change in the level of disability measured by the WHODAS II-K was mainly affected by age, number of rooms, and depression. These results can be useful for the development of community-based health promotion program for the elderly.

지역사회 거주 저소득층 노인의 우울증상 유병률과 관련인자

신희영,이훈,신일선,김재민,김성완,양수진,윤진상 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.5

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in community-dwelling low income elderly. Methods : A community survey of 1,351 low income residents aged 65 or over was conducted in Buk district of Gwangju, Korea. Depressive symptom was evaluated by the Korean Form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS). Their Sociodemographic factors, the precence of chronic physical illness, and cognitive functions were investigated. Results : The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms was 69.8%. In multiple logistic regression, chronic physical illness (Odds Ratio : 2.68, 95% Confidence Interval : 1.98-3.63), low education (Odds Ratio : 1.84, 95% Confidence Interval : 1.39-2.43), and cognitive impairment (Odds Ratio : 1.61, 95% Confidence Interval : 1.20-2.16) were independently associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion : Depressive symptoms in community-dwelling low income elderly were very common, particularly related to current chronic physical illnesses. The results of this study can be useful for the development of community-based prevention and management programs for depression. Of elderleg.

노인의 대체요법 이용 양상에 대한 조사연구

신경림,박선영,신수진 성인간호학회 2004 성인간호학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the using pattern of alternative therapies in the elderly. Method: 197 subjects, persons who were more than 60 years old, we interviewed. We modified and complemented Shin's(2000) instrument in accordance with purpose of this study. Data were analyzed statistically by using SAS program. Result: 1. It was shown that 66.84% of subjects have utilized one or more types of alternative therapy. 2. It was shown that the most frequently used types are acupuncture (48.83%), and ethmoid bone therapy (42.75%). 3. Acupuncture was shown to be the most satisfactory type of therapy (14.50%). 4. There was a significant difference in the use ratio by sex; female 73.47% and male 60.20%. 5. Among users of alternative therapies, the most frequent responses to each question were as follows: 1. Motive of Use - "for complete cure of symptoms" (32.31%). 2. Side effects - "no side effects" (95.97%). Conclusion: We found that elderly persons used alternative therapies more frequently than others perpulations. Diet therapy and Hand therapy were most commonly used in older people. Although the elderly use alternative therapy, they cannot place confidence in its scientific reliability. Therefore, we need to examine the effects of alternative therapy.