주택특성에 따른 재택근무 공간 선호에 관한 연구

신화경,조인숙 상명대학교 자연과학연구소 2002 自然科學硏究 Vol.9 No.-

본 연구는 주택특성에 따라 재택근무 공간에 대한 선호를 파악하여 재택근무 도입에 따른 주거공간 변화와 주택특성별 재택근무 공간 계획에 적용할 수 있는 자료를 제시하고자 한다. 조사결과, 주택특성에 관계없이 재택근무 공간의 크기로 3~4평이 적당한 것으로 조사되었다. 재택근무 공간의 위치는 독립공간을 가장 선호하였고, 특히 방수가 많으면 독립된 공간의 선호가 높게 나타났다. 재택근무 공간의 개방정도는 완전독립형과 부부개방형을 선호하였고, 거실과 침실에 재택근무 공간을 만들 경우, 부분개방형 선호가 높았다. 재택근무 공간과 현관과의 관계에서 현관과 상관없는 위치 선호율이 높았으나 주택내 상관이 없는 위치를 선호하였으며 방수가 적은 주택 거주자들은 재택근무공간으로 거실을 이용한 부분개방형을 선호하고 집안의 중간정도를 선호하는 것으로 보인다.

중학교 남녀학생별 가정교과에 대한 인식 및 학습효과 : 경남지역을 중심으로

신동순,김상희,오화자,정효숙,정혜경 한국 가정과 교육 학회 1997 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The aims of this research study is to clear the differences of the learning effects and the cognition of Home Economics by sex in the middle school and to collect the future-oriented educational datas, after implementing the 6th education curriculum. The results of the study are as follows ; 1. Most of students had the cognition that Home Economics is a subject matter of a needful knowledge and skill for the family life, half students a cultural subject matter for the modern life. The former was supported by female students, the latter by male students. 2. Most of students were interested in actual training fields of cooking and hand-sewing, had a strong interest about a field of physical and social-psychological growth. The differences by sex were statistically significant in these fields. 3. Most of students had positive responses in the learning effects of Home Economics. The most useful field was cooking and the worst was the structure and method of sewing machine. 4. The shortage and the dissatisfaction in the learning of Home Economics were lacking of the actual training hours, the old-fashioned teaching methods and the shortage of teaching materials etc.

젊은 남자에게 발생한 통상성 간질성 폐렴과 동반된 폐암 1예

박종숙,이준혁,박성우,장안수,박춘식,박재성,백상현,고은석,신화균 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

Usual interstitial pneumonia(UIP) is relatively rare disease of lung parenchyme under the age of 50. Lung cancer is reported to occur as a complication of UIP, but has not been reported in young age patient with UIP in Korea. A 35-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea, cough and mild fever. He had been suffered from dyspnea during 3 years. The dyspnea worsened recent 1 month ago. He had been treated with pneumonia at another hospital during 4 months before this admission. Chest radiographs and High resolution CT showed subpleural and basal dominant reticular opacities in both lung with no change until now. He was smoker and his occupation was car engine-man dealing with benzene. UIP is suspected by history and radiologic findings. Operation for open lung biopsy was performed to obtain lung specimen via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Patient's pathologic examination showed UIP combined with adenocarcinoma in RLL superior segment and posterobasal segment and RLL lobectomy was done. After operation, the patient has been in cancer free condition so far. We report a case of UIP combined with lung cancer in young man with brief review of the literature.

NaCl이 보리(Hordeum vulgare L.) 잎의 엽록소 형광에 미치는 영향

정화숙,임영진,박강은,박신영 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.12

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of chlorophyll contents and chlorophyll fluorescence in barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) 7 day old seedling treated with 0.2M, 0.4M, 0.6M, 0.8M, and 1.0M NaCl concentration containing Hepes buffer(pH 7.5). Barley was affected by NaCl treatment. The chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid of barley decreased with an increase in NaCl concentration. However, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid of barley were not greatly influenced by o.8M and 1.0M NaCl. Fv, Fv/Fm and qP were gradually decreased by higher concentration of NaCl. qP, qNP, qR and qE were gradually decreased by 6hr. During barley chloroplast was development NaCl affected chlorophyll synthesis than photosynthetic activity. Whereas barley seedling leaves were more influenced photosynthetic activity than chlorophyll contents by NaCl.

토끼 수막염 모델을 이용한 다제내성 폐렴구균에 대한 Meropenem의 치료 효과

김신우,진정화,강수정,정숙인,김연숙,기현균,김춘관,이혁,김성민,백경란,송재훈 대한화학요법학회 2001 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.19 No.1

목적 : 다제내성 폐렴구균에 의한 수막염은 기존과 단일 항생제로는 근치가 어려워 ceftriaxone과 vancomycin 혹은 rifampin의 병용요법이 권유되고 있다. 다제내성 폐렴구균에 사용할 수 있는 다른 약제 중 meropenem은 시험관내 폐렴구균에 대한 항균력이 좋고 경련 등의 중추신경계 부작용이 거의 없어 다제내성 폐렴구균에 의한 수막염의 치료에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 기대되나 이에 대한 자료가 매우 부족한 상태이다. 이에 연자 등은 meropenem과 meropenem+vancomycin의 병용요법이 다제내성 폐렴구균 수막염의 치료에 효과가 있는지를 토끼 수막염 동물 모델을 이용하여 검증하고자 하였다. 방법 : 인체에서 수막염을 일으킨 다제내성 폐렴구균 균주(penicillin MIC 2, ceftriaxone MIC 4, meropenem MIC 0.5㎍/㎖)를 토끼 척수강 내에 직접 주입하여 수막염을 유발한 후 ceftriaxone, vancomycin, rifampin, meropenem의 단일 항균요법, ceftriaxone+vancomycin, ceftriaxone+rifampin, meropenem+vancomycin의 병용요법 간에 치료 효과의 차이를 비교 하였다. 각 치료군은 6 마리의 토끼를 대상으로 하였다. 각각의 항생제는 5 시간 간격으로 2번 정주하였으며, ceftriaxone은 1회 투여하였다. 균주 주입 후 각 치료군이 토끼에서 치료 후 0, 5, 10, 24 시간에 척수액을 채취하여 균주의 수를 측정하여 24시간째의 살균 여부를 최종 치료 효과로 판정하였다. 결과 : meropenem 단독 요법은 10시간째에 모든 균주를 살균하였으나 24시간 째에 다시 균의 성장이 관찰되었으며, meropenem+vancomycin의 병용요법은 단독 약제보다 우수한 살균효과를 보였으나 상승작용은 없었다. 결론 : meropenem+vancomycin의 병용요법은 기존의 ceftriaxone+vancomycin보다 24시간째에 더 큰 균의 감소 경향을 보여(P=0.054) 임상에서 사용이 가능할 것으로 기대되며 향후 실제 수막염 환자에서의 임상효과를 증명하는 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Background : Because antimicrobial monotherapy for pneumococcal meningitis caused by penicillin-resistant strains is not satisfactory, ceftriaxone+vancomycin [C+V] or ceftriaxone+rifampin [C+R] regimens are recommended. Meropenern [M] is one of the monotherapy options for penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis due to good in-vitro activity against pneumococci and rare adverse reactions in CNS. But there have been few reports in the efficacy of meropenern against pneumococcal meningitis. We evaluated therapeutic efficacy of the meropenern and meropenem+vancomycin in a rabbit model of meningitis caused by penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP). Methods : Meningitis was induced by intracistemal inoculation of a pneumococcal strain isolated from a patient with meningitis (MIC; penicillin 2, ceftriaxone 4, meropenem 0.5 g/㎖). Bacterial concentrations in the CSF were measured at 0, 5, 10, and 24 h after therapy was started. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by the final bacterial concentration in the CSF at 24 h. Results : C+V cleared the CSF at 10 h, but regrowth of bacteria was noted at 24 h. Meropenem monotherapy resulted in sterilization at 10 h but regrowth at 24 h. M+V was superior to M or V monotherapy but did not show synergism. Therapeutic efficacy of M+V was at least equal or superior to that of C+V (P = 0.054). Conclusion : Meropenem+vancomycin regimen could be one of the useful options in the treatment of PRSP meningitis. Clinical trials to evaluate the M or M +V are warranted in the future.

국내 5개 3차 병원의 β-lactam계 항생제 사용 실태 및 Klebsiella pneumoniae의 항생제 내성과의 상관 관계

정숙인,박경화,권기태,고관수,오원섭,정두련,백경란,염준섭,장현하,김신우,손준성,송재훈 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.4

Background : This study was performed to evaluate the prescribing pattern of β-lactam antibiotics and the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in 5 tertiary care hospitals in Korea. Materials and Methods : Data on annual patient-days and annual consumption (defined daily dose (DDD) per 100 patient-days) of β-lactam antibiotics from 2003 to 2005 in 5 tertiary hospitals were analyzed. To determine the antimicrobial resistance in K. pneumoniae, broth microdilution test and double disk synergy were performed according to the CLSI performance standards. Spearman's correlation coeffient was used to determine the relationship between antibiotic consumption and resistance. Results : The prescription of β-lactam antibiotics in 5 tertiary hospitals markedly varied. In two hospitals, increase in consumption of β-lactam antibiotics was more than 30% during recent 3 years. The higher consumption of β-lactam antibiotics significantly correlated with the higher rate of antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae in 5 tertiary care hospitals. Conclusion : Continuous surveillance of antibiotic use is needed to encourage appropriate prescribing of antibiotics and to reduce antibiotic resistance. 목적 : 항생제의 오남용으로 인한 내성균의 발현 및 급속한 확산이 전세계적으로 문제시 되고 있다. 특히 병원은 항생제 내성의 중심점에 있는 것으로 여겨진다. 본 연구에서는 최근 3년간 국내 5개 3차 병원의 β-lactam계 항생제의 사용량을 조사하고, 각 병원별 항생제 사용량과 K. pneumoniae의 항생제 내성률과의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 국내 5개 3차 병원에서 2003년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지 병원 입원 환자를 대상으로 연도별 재원연인원수와 각 β-lactam계 항생제의 총사용량을 수집하여 DDD (defined daily dose) per 100 patient-days로 환산하여 비교하였다. 2005년 6월부터 8월까지 각 병원의 임상검체에서 동정된 K. pneumoniae를 수집하여 액체배지미량희석법으로 항생제 감수성 검사를 시행하였고 ESBL(extended-spectrum β-lactamase) 생성 여부는 double disk synergy test를 시행하였다. 항생제 사용량과 내성의 상관관계는 Spearman 상관관계 분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : 5개 병원 중 3개 병원에서는 연도별 β-lactam계 항생제 사용량이 비슷하게 유지되었으나, 2개 병원에서는 2003년에 비해 2005년에 항생제 사용량이 30% 이상 증가하였다. β-lactam계 항생제 중 제제별 비율은 각 병원마다 차이가 있었으나, 3세대 cephaosporin의 사용이 가장 많았고 2세대 ceaphlosporin, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor, 1세대 cephalosporin 순이었다. 경구용 β-1actam계 항생제의 사용량(r=0.900, P<0.037)과 2세대 cephalosporin의 사용량(r=0.900, P<0.037)은 각각 K. pneumoniae의 ESBL 생성과 양의 상관관계가 있었다. Ceftazidime의 사용량은 K. pneumoniae의 ceftazidime 내성률과 양의 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.900, P<0.037). 반면 imipenem의 사용량은 piperacillin/tazobactam 내성과 음의 상관관계가 있었다(r=-0.900, P<0.037). 결론 : 최근 3개년간 항생제 사용량은 병원별로 차이가 있으나 일부 병원에서는 증가하였다. β-lactam계 항생제의 사용량은 K. pneumoniae의 항생제 내성과 상관관계가 있었다. 항생제 사용을 줄임으로써 항생제 내성을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대되며, 병원별로 항생제 사용에 대한 지속적인 감시가 필요할 것이다.

초등학교 아동을 위한 리더십 프로그램 개발

김정효,정인숙,김신래,엄화정 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2007 교육과학연구 Vol.38 No.3

학교교육과정에서는 자율성의 확대에 밀려 타인배려와 공동체에 대한 책임의식 교육은 상대적으로 열세의 위치에 처해있다. 그러나 21세기 정보화 산업구조에서는 한개인에게 리더이자 동시에 멤버로서의 역할을 요구하고 있다. 특별히 학령기 아동에있어서는 또래 집단 형성이라는 사회성 발달 과업의 특성이 초등학교아동기에 ‘자신이가진 독특한 자질을 발휘하여 공동체의 유익을 위해 영향을 발휘할 수 있는 능력’ 으로서의 리더십 교육을 필요로 한다. 본 연구에서는 자신자질에 대한 이해를 기반으로 자신감을 가지도록 하는 심리적요소, 자신 뿐 아니라 공동체의 유익을 중요한 삶의 목적이 되어야 한다는 가치적 요소, 그리고 의사소통능력, 대인관계기술 등의 기술적 요소를 기반으로 하는 초등학교고학년 아동을 위한 5일간의 단기 리더십 프로그램을 개발하였다. 서울 시내 한 사립초등학교 5학년을 대상으로 형성평가를 위한 예비실행연구를 하였고, 아동의 자기평가와 교사와의 면담을 통해 개발된 리더십프로그램은 대체로 심리적, 가치적, 기술적요소에 효과를 가지고 온 것으로 보였다. 특히 리더십이란 특정 개인에게만 있는 것이아니라 모두에게 잠재되어 있다는 인식의 전환을 가져옴으로써 자신감과 리더십 개념획득에 두드러진 효과를 가지고 오는 것으로 보였다. This study is to develop a leadership program for elementary school children. Due to extension of freedom, education of responsibility such as taking care ofothers and consideration of community is inferior in the school education. However, in information-oriented society asks for an individual to become aleader and a member at the same time. In addition, specific character of creatingpeer group in children of school age makes it more necessary educate "ability todisplay individual's specific quality for benefit of community". In this study, based on including psychological factor to understand themselvesto bring their confidence, value factor that benefit for the community has to bethe reason for their life and technological factors such as communicating skillsand interpersonal relationship, 5day short-trial for senior students of elementaryschool was developed. A preliminary inspection was held to 5th graders in anelementary school in Seoul. In result, our leadership program gave positive effecton psychological factor, value factor and technological factors. Especially, thisprogram was effective to give confidence and rearranged the definition ofleadership by the idea that leadership is not for the certain individuals buteveryone has their potentials.

환기정도에 따른 수술실용 신발 종류가 수술실 오염에 미치는 영향 : How to Choose Suitable Shoes?

남경동,정혜선,박영신,원진희,주미자,성화신,이지혜,이병희,조경숙,배재춘 한국의료QA학회 2000 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Background : Various types of protective footwear have been used to minimize bacterial contamination in operating rooms. In recent years, debate has arisen concerning the need for use of such protective footwear. This study was designed to provide useful data about choosing shoes most suitable for the surgical environment. Methods : Between November, 1999 and January, 2000, we performed this experimental study by comparing effect of three types of shoes (i.e., disposable shoescover, operating room-restricted shoes, and ordinary shoes) on bacterial contamination of operating rooms equipped with two different ventilation systems (i.e., high air-change, low air-change) respectively. Data were collected during two-hour sham operations in which subjects and their activities were strictly standardized. Bacterial flora were sampled from the study area floor and air colony-counts were measured. Results : In experiments involving high air-change ventilation system, there was a significant difference of floor contamination between three types of shoes, but no difference of air contamination. Under low air-change system, there was a significant difference of both floor and air contamination between three types of shoes. Conclusion : The results show that protective footwear would be unnecessary in the operating room with high air-change ventilation system, but it is important to choose suitable shoes carefully under low air-change system. Therefore, the use of outdoor shoes can be considered under high air-change system, but it would seem sensible to apply their first use in less bloody operations at the day surgery center or out-patient department to prevent transfer of body fluid into the outside environment.

Association between colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor gene polymorphisms and asthma risk

Shin, Eun Kyong,Lee, Shin-Hwa,Cho, Sung-Hwan,Jung, Seok,Yoon, Sang Hyuk,Park, Sung Woo,Park, Jong Sook,Uh, Soo Taek,Kim, Yang Ki,Kim, Yong Hoon,Choi, Jae-Sung,Park, Byung-Lae,Shin, Hyoung Doo,Park, Ch Springer-Verlag 2010 HUMAN GENETICS Vol.128 No.3

<P>Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (<I>CSF1R</I>) is expressed in monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. These cells play important roles in the innate immune response, which is regarded as an important aspect of asthma development. Genetic alterations in the <I>CSF1R</I> gene may contribute to the development of asthma. We investigated whether <I>CSF1R</I> gene polymorphisms were associated with the risk of asthma. Through direct DNA sequencing of the <I>CSF1R</I> gene, we identified 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genotyped them in 303 normal controls and 498 asthmatic patients. Expression of <I>CSF1R</I> protein and mRNA were measured on CD14-positive monocytes and neutrophils in peripheral blood of asthmatic patients using flow cytometry and real-time PCR. Among the 28 polymorphisms, two intronic polymorphism (+<I>20511C</I>><I>T</I> and +<I>22693T</I>><I>C</I>) were associated with the risk of asthma by logistic regression analysis. The frequencies of the minor allele at <I>CSF1R</I> +<I>20511C</I>><I>T</I> and +<I>22693T</I>><I>C</I> were higher in asthmatic subjects than in normal controls (4.6 vs. 7.7%, <I>p</I> = 0.001 in co-dominant and dominant models; 16.4 vs. 25.8%, <I>p</I> = 0.0006 in a recessive model). <I>CSF1R</I> mRNA levels in neutrophils of the asthmatic patients having the +<I>22693CC</I> allele were higher than in those having the +<I>22693TT</I> allele (<I>p</I> = 0.026). Asthmatic patients with the +<I>22693CC</I> allele also showed significantly higher <I>CSF1R</I> expression on CD14-positive monocytes and neutrophils than did those with the +<I>22693TT</I> allele (<I>p</I> = 0.045 and <I>p</I> = 0.044). The +<I>20511C</I>><I>T</I> SNP had no association with <I>CSF1R</I> mRNA or protein expression. In conclusion, the minor allele at <I>CSF1R</I> +<I>22693T</I>>C may have a susceptibility effect in the development of asthma, via increased <I>CSF1R</I> protein and mRNA expression in inflammatory cells.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00439-010-0850-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>

Molocular Approaches ro Personalized Mdicine : Genetic Effect of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of PPSRGC1B Gene on Airway Hyperreactivity In Asthmatics

( Shin Hwa Lee ),( Ju Hyun Park ),( Hun Soo Chang ),( Jong Sook Park ),( An Soo Jang ),( Soo Tark Uh ),( Young Hoon Kim ),( Il Yup Chung ),( Tai Youn Rhim ),( Byung Lae Park ),( Hyung Doo Shin ),( Cho 생화학분자생물학회 2008 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2008 No.-