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MODELING THE X-RAYS RESULTING FROM HIGH-VELOCITY CLOUDS
Shelton, R. L.,Kwak, K.,Henley, D. B. IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.751 No.2
<P>With the goal of understanding why X-rays have been reported near some high-velocity clouds, we perform detailed three-dimensional hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic simulations of clouds interacting with environmental gas like that in the Galaxy's thick disk/halo or the Magellanic Stream. We examine two scenarios. In the first, clouds travel fast enough to shock heat warm environmental gas. In this scenario, the X-ray productivity depends strongly on the speed of the cloud and the radiative cooling rate. In order to shock heat environmental gas to temperatures of >= 10(6) K, cloud speeds of >= 300 km s(-1) are required. If cooling is quenched, then the shock-heated ambient gas is X-ray emissive, producing bright X-rays in the 1/4 keV band and some X-rays in the 3/4 keV band due to O VII and other ions. If, in contrast, the radiative cooling rate is similar to that of collisional ionizational equilibrium plasma with solar abundances, then the shocked gas is only mildly bright and for only about 1 Myr. The predicted count rates for the non-radiative case are bright enough to explain the count rate observed with XMM-Newton toward a Magellanic Stream cloud and some enhancement in the ROSAT 1/4 keV count rate toward Complex C, while the predicted count rates for the fully radiative case are not. In the second scenario, the clouds travel through and mix with hot ambient gas. The mixed zone can contain hot gas, but the hot portion of the mixed gas is not as bright as those from the shock-heating scenario.</P>
Optical coherence tomography for advanced screening in the primary care office.
Shelton, Ryan L,Jung, Woonggyu,Sayegh, Samir I,McCormick, Daniel T,Kim, Jeehyun,Boppart, Stephen A Wiley 2014 Journal of Biophotonics Vol.7 No.7
<P>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has long been used as a diagnostic tool in the field of ophthalmology. The ability to observe microstructural changes in the tissues of the eye has proved very effective in diagnosing ocular disease. However, this technology has yet to be introduced into the primary care office, where indications of disease are first encountered. We have developed a portable, handheld imaging probe for use in the primary care setting and evaluated its tissue site accessibility, ability to observe diseased tissue, and screening capabilities in in vivo human patients, particularly for pathologies related to the eye, ear and skin. Various stages of diabetic retinopathy were investigated using the handheld probe and early-stage diabetic retinopathy was flagged as abnormal from the OCT images. At such early stages of disease, it is difficult to observe abnormalities with the limited tools that are currently available to primary care physicians. These results indicate that OCT shows promise to transform from being a diagnostic technology in the medical and surgical specialities to a screening technology in the primary care office and at the front-line of healthcare.</P>
Sherly Shelton,Faustin Katchele Ogou,Buddhi Pushpawela 한국기상학회 2022 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.58 No.1
Drought management in Sri Lanka is mostly limited to relief provision due to the shortage of scientific details to develop sufficient drought risk management. Therefore, spatio-temporal variability of droughts in two cropping seasons, Yala (May– August) and Maha (October–March) in Sri Lanka, have been investigated using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The SPEI-4 at August (SPEI-4August) shows an apparent decadal variation over wet, intermediate, and dry climate regions in the country, which is coherent with the decadal shift of rainfall in 1999. For the Yala season, the number of drought events (SPEI-4August < −1) in the late period (2000–2015) is higher than that in the early period (1985–1999). On the other hand, the decadal variation of SPEI-6March is not distinguished; however, the number of drought events (SPEI- 6March < −1) in all climate regions is less after 2003 as compared to the early period. The principle component time series of SPEI- 4August and rainfall in Yala seasons (r = 0.93) have closely associated, which implies that rainfall received in the Yala season can ascribe the observed decadal variation in SPEI-4August. In the Yala season, less moisture transport towards Sri Lanka is observed in the late period due to the weakening of 850 hPa wind circulation and increasing of 500 hPa geopotential height, which causes more moisture divergence and ultimately affects the decreasing rainfall over the country. Meanwhile, the observed rainfall variability in cropping seasons, especially in the Yala season, is characterized by the large-scale circulation at interannual (Nino3.4) to decadal-scale (Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).
Regulation by Reversible S-Glutathionylation: Molecular Targets Implicated in Inflammatory Diseases
Melissa Shelton,John Mieyal 한국분자세포생물학회 2008 Molecules and cells Vol.25 No.3
S-glutathionylation is a reversible post-translational modification that continues to gain eminence as a redox regulatory mechanism of protein activity and associated cellular functions. Many diverse cellular proteins such as transcription factors, adhesion molecules, enzymes, and cytokines are reported to undergo glutathionylation, although the functional impact has been less well characterized. De-glutathionylation is catalyzed specifically and efficiently by glutaredoxin (GRx, aka thioltransferase), and facile reversibility is critical in determining the physiological relevance of glutathionylation as a means of protein regulation. Thus, studies with cohesive themes addressing both the glutathionylation of proteins and the corresponding impact of GRx are especially useful in advancing understanding. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox regulation are well accepted as playing a role in inflammatory processes, such as leukostasis and the destruction of foreign particles by macrophages. We discuss in this review the current implications of GRx and/or glutathionylation in the inflammatory response and in diseases associated with chronic inflammation, namely diabetes, atherosclerosis, inflammatory lung disease, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease, and in viral infections.
미국 예비 유아교사의 문화다양성 경험과 신념 및문화반응적 교수효능감간의 관계 : 문화다양성 신념의매개효과와 교사교육 단계간 다집단 분석
천희영,Marilyn Shelton 한국보육지원학회 2013 한국보육지원학회지 Vol.9 No.5
본 연구는 미국의 예비 유아교사를 대상으로 문화다양성 경험, 문화다양성 신념 및 문화반응적 교수효능감간의 구조적 관계를 분석하고 문화다양성 신념의 매개효과를 확인하며, 그러한 관계가 교사교육의 단계에 따라 차이가 있는지를 분석하는데 연구목적을 두었다. 연구대상은 미국 남서부 5개 대학의 K학년 교사 양성과정에 재학 중인 예비 유아교사 273명이었다. 문화다양성 경험은Schroeder(2008), 문화다양성 신념은 Pohan과 Aguilar(2001), 문화반응적 교수효능감은Siwatu(2007)의 연구에서 사용된 일부 문항들로써 측정되었다. 구조방정식모형분석을 한 결과, 직접효과로서 문화다양성 경험이 많을수록, 직업 신념 수준이 높을수록 문화반응적 교수효능감이 높아지고, 긍정적인 문화다양성의 경험이 많을수록 개인 신념의 수준이 높아지며, 개인 신념의 수준이높을수록 직업 신념의 수준이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 문화다양성 경험은 개인 신념을 매개로 직업 신념에 간접 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 다중집단분석 결과, 교사교육 단계에 따라서는 직업 신념과 교수효능감간 경로계수가 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 예비 유아교사를 위한 교사교육에서의 방안들을 제언하였다.