http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Production and Important Pests of Pear in India
Shailesh Sawant,Eu Ddeum Choi,Janghoon Song,Ho-Jin Seo 한국원예학회 2021 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2021 No.10
Pear is one of the most important commercial crops of India and is grown in different parts of the country. India is one of the main pear producers in the world, and its cultivation area is almost doubled in the last 20 years. Pear cultivation in India is mainly occurred from foothills to high hills experiences about five hundred to thousand five hundred chilling hours throughout the year. The pear is mainly grown in northern states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab, and in south India Tamilnadu state. The north-eastern hills region, comprising of the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram, Meghalaya, and Sikkim also grows on a limited scale. Overall northwestern and eastern hills part of India provide a favorable climatic condition for growing a wide range of pears and their cultivation. India import different variety of pears from 14 countries around the word. India primarily imports green and red-skinned Anjou pears varieties from the United States with Green Anjou the favored variety. However, the production of pear in India remained challenging may be due to the attack of pests and disease incidence. The important insect and mite pest of Indian pear orchards are codling moth, pear psylla, mites, and borers.
Biological Management of White Root Rot in Pear Orchards
Shailesh Sawant,Eu Ddeum Choi,Janghoon Song,Ho-Jin Seo 한국원예학회 2021 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2021 No.10
The current need for eco-friendly approaches for farming, while ensuring the health and productivity of crops is increasing rapidly. Research on the biological control of white root rot disease caused by a soil-borne pathogen, Rosellinia necatrix is limited in pears compared to that in apple and avocado. The severity of the disease caused by Rosellinia necatrix makes it the most harmful fungal pathogen infecting the economical fruit tree species and is one of the main limiting factors in pear farming. To control this disease growers have to depend on chemical treatments. However, rising public concern about environmental pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals in humans and animals has facilitated the search for novel and environmentally friendly disease control methods. Most of the biocontrol agents have been tested in other plant system along with that most of the studies have been focused in vitro or in confined greenhouse experiments, and verification of their potentials under field conditions is still remains an another question. Soil solarization fulfills the requirements for successful control of a soilborne pathogen in existing orchard as: there is no damage to trees, the inoculum is controlled to a considerable depth and delayed soil reinfestation. Hot water treatment can be used in established orchard or to disinfect plant material used for propagation and to kill the pathogen within the rhizosphere. Weeds on the floors of pear may serve as reservoirs to alternative hosts for pathogens and their vectors.
Lignocellulosic and marine biomass as resource for production of polyhydroxyalkanoates
Shailesh S. Sawant,Bipinchandra K. Salunke,Tuan Kiet Tran,김범수 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.5
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are considered as sustainable ‘green/bio plastics’ because they have potential to replace their depleting petroleum-based competitors in the recent future. To reach this goal, PHAs must be able to compete with the established petroleum-based plastics in both technical and economic aspects. The current PHA production is based on high-priced substrates of high nutritional value and simple carbon sources such as glucose, sucrose, starch, or vegetable oils. Non-food based carbon-rich complex polysaccharides of lignocellulosic and marine biomass can be used as alternative and suitable feedstock through consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). CBP is a promising strategy that involves the production of lytic enzymes, hydrolysis of biomass, and fermentation of resulting sugars to desired products in a single process step. CBP offers very large cost reductions if microorganisms possessing the abilities are found or microbial processes are developed to utilize substrate and simultaneously produce products. This review focuses on possible available complex polysaccharides of lignocellulosic and marine biomass that can be used as resources to produce PHAs in biorefineries, including CBP.
Sawant, Shailesh S.,Salunke, Bipinchandra K.,Kim, Beom Soo Springer-Verlag 2014 Current microbiology Vol.69 No.6
<P>A contaminating bacterium growing along with the stock culture of Saccharophagus degradans ATCC 43961 (Sde 2-40) on marine agar plate was isolated and investigated for its ability to produce polyhydoxyalkonates (PHA). Preliminary screening by Sudan black B and Nile blue A staining indicated positive characteristic of the isolate to produce PHA. The isolate was able to grow and produce PHA in minimal sea salt medium broth. PHA quantification studies with gas chromatographic analyses of the dry cells derived from culture broths revealed accumulation of PHA in bacterial cells. PHA production started after 20 h and increased with cell growth and attained maximum values of 61 % of dry cell weight at 70 h of cultivation. After 70 h, a slight decrease in the level of PHA content was observed. The nature/type of PHA was found to be poly(3-hydroxybutyraye) by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Microbiological and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses suggested that the PHA producing bacterial isolate belongs to Bacillus genera and shows 100 % nucleotide sequence similarity with Bacillus cereus species in GenBank. This study is a first report for ability of Bacillus species to grow in marine sea salt media and produce PHA. The media used for the polymer production was novel in the context of the genus Bacillus and the production of PHA was three-fold higher than Sde 2-40 using same growth medium. This study shows that the contaminant bacteria once properly investigated can be used for advantageous characteristic of metabolites production in place of original cultures.</P>