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Sohyun Ahn,Seoyun Park,Jin Nam Kim,Sung Nim Han,Soo Bin Jeong,Hye-Kyeong Kim 한국영양학회 2013 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.7 No.1
Excessive sodium intake leading to hypertension, stroke, and stomach cancer is mainly caused by excess use of salt in cooking. This study was performed to estimate the salt content in school meals and to compare differences in perceptions related to sodium intake between students and staffs working for school meal service. We collected 382 dishes for food from 24 schools (9 elementary, 7 middle, 8 high schools) in Gyeonggi-do and salt content was calculated from salinity and weight of individual food. The average salt content from elementary, middle, and high school meals were 2.44 g, 3.96 g, and 5.87 g, respectively. The amount of salt provided from the school lunch alone was over 80% of the recommended daily salt intake by WHO. Noodles, stews, sauces, and soups were major sources of salt intake at dish group level, while the most salty dishes were sauces, kimchies, and stir-fried foods. Dietary knowledge and attitude related to sodium intake and consumption frequency of the salty dishes were surveyed with questionnaire in 798 students and 256 staffs working for school meal service. Compared with the staffs, the students perceived school meals salty and the proportions of students who thought school meals were salty increased with going up from elementary to high schools (P < 0.001). Among the students, middle and high school students showed significant propensity for the preference to one-dish meal, processed foods, eating much broth and dipping sauce or seasoning compared with the elementary students, although they had higher nutrition knowledge scores. These results proposed that monitoring salt content of school meals and consideration on the contents and education methods in school are needed to lower sodium intake.
CD160 is essential for NK-mediated IFN-γ production
Tu, Tony C.,Brown, Nicholas K.,Kim, Tae-Jin,Wroblewska, Joanna,Yang, Xuanming,Guo, Xiaohuan,Lee, Seoyun Hyunji,Kumar, Vinay,Lee, Kyung-Mi,Fu, Yang-Xin The Rockefeller University Press 2015 The Journal of experimental medicine Vol.212 No.3
<P>NK-derived cytokines play important roles for natural killer (NK) function, but how the cytokines are regulated is poorly understood. CD160 is expressed on activated NK or T cells in humans but its function is unknown. We generated CD160-deficient mice to probe its function. Although CD160<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice showed no abnormalities in lymphocyte development, the control of NK-sensitive tumors was severely compromised in CD160<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. Surprisingly, the cytotoxicity of NK cells was not impaired, but interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion by NK cells was markedly reduced in CD160<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. Functionally targeting CD160 signaling with a soluble CD160-Ig also impaired tumor control and IFN-γ production, suggesting an active role of CD160 signaling. Using reciprocal bone marrow transfer and cell culture, we have identified the intrinsic role of CD160 on NK cells, as well as its receptor on non-NK cells, for regulating cytokine production. To demonstrate sufficiency of the CD160<SUP>+</SUP> NK cell subset in controlling NK-dependent tumor growth, intratumoral transfer of the CD160<SUP>+</SUP> NK fraction led to tumor regression in CD160<SUP>−/−</SUP> tumor-bearing mice, indicating demonstrable therapeutic potential for controlling early tumors. Therefore, CD160 is not only an important biomarker but also functionally controls cytokine production by NK cells.</P>