해방 공간 강성갑의 기독교 사회운동 연구

홍성표(Hong Seong-Pyo) 한국기독교역사연구소 2016 한국기독교와 역사 Vol.- No.45

1920~30년대 한국교회는 어려운 농촌의 현실에 주목하고, 덴마크의 그룬트비의 영향을 받아 농촌운동을 전개했다. 이러한 한국교회의 농촌운동은 일제의 탄압과 교회내부의 보수적 신앙인의 반대로 1930년대 말에 막을 내렸다. 일제로부터 해방된 후에도 농촌문제는 새로운 나라를 세우기 위해 우선적으로 해결되어야 할 중요한 과제였으나, 해방 공간에서 한국교회의 농촌운동 사례를 찾기는 쉽지 않다. 강성갑은 해방 공간에서 이러한 농촌문제를 해결하기 위해 경상남도 진영에서 한얼중학교를 설립하는 등 기독교 사회운동에 앞장섰다. 강성갑은 1912년 경남 의령에서 출생하였고, 연희전문 문과와 도시샤대학 신학과를 졸업하였다. 1943년 경남노회에서 목사안수를 받았으며, 1946년 4월 진영교회 담임목사로 부임하여 목회활동과 함께 기독교 사회운동을 전개하다가 한국전쟁 중에 ‘공산주의자’로 몰려 총살당했다. 이 사건은 소위 진영사건으로 알려져 있는데, 재판을 통해 한국전쟁 당시 민간인 학살 가해자를 처음으로 처벌한 사건이었다. 강성갑의 경우에는 가해자를 처벌한 재판과 추모동상 제막식이라는 공적 행사를 통해 그의 억울한 죽음이 밝혀지고 명예가 회복되었으나 여전히 ‘공산주의자’로 몰려 가족들은 커다란 고통을 겪어야 했다. 강성갑은 덴마크 그룬트비의 사상에 영향을 받았으며 이를 실천했다. 복음중등공민학교를 설립하여 기독교 사회운동을 시작하였으며, 진영교회 및 지역사회와 함께 1948년, ‘하나님을 사랑하자, 이웃을 사랑하자, 흙을 사랑하자’라는 ‘삼애정신’을 교훈으로 하는 한얼중학교를 설립하고 농촌의 인재를 양성하였다. 강성갑의 한얼중학교 설립은, 해방 후 모든 것이 부족했으나 새로운 나라를 세우고자 하는 열의로 농촌의 교육을 위해 강성갑과 진영교회와 진영의 지역사회가 합심하여 열악한 조건을 극복하고 대안을 만들어간 기독교 사회운동의 모범적인 사례였다. The Korean churches, paying attention to harsh realities in 1920s and 1930s, carried on the rural movement influenced by Nikolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig. This movement of Korean churches had to come to an end in the end of 1930s however, because of Japanese oppression and the opposition forces of conservative believers inside the church. After the liberation from Japanese rule, the rural movement was still the first priority task to solve to build a new nation, though it is not easy to find the cases of rural movement by Korean churches in the Post-Liberation Period. Kang Seong-Gab pioneered in Christian social movements to resolve these rural problems, as an example, he established Haneul Middle School in JinYoung Gyeongsangnam-do. Kang Seong-Gab was born in 1912 in Uiryeong Gyeongsangnam-do and completed liberal arts course in Yonhi College and studied theology and graduated from Doshisha University. In 1943 he was ordained as a minister by Gyeongnam presbytery, then started his ministry as the pastor in charge at JinYoung Church in April 1946. He developed Christian social movements while he was in ministry, then he was wrongfully charged as a communist he was shot to death during Korean War. This incident is known as JinYoung slaughter, which was the first time to punish the perpetrators of civilian massacre at the trial during the Korean War. The trial to punish the perpetrators and the official dedication of memorial statue revealed his wrongful death and recovered his reputation, but his family had to suffer a great pain since Kang Seong-Gab was still regarded as a ‘communist.’ The philosophy of Danish Grundtvig influenced Kang Seong-Gab and made him to put the philosophy into practice. He started Christian socialist movements by establishing Bogeum(Gospel) Civic School, and together with JinYoung Church and the regional community he established Haneul Middle School in 1948 to start educating people in rural area. The school motto was ‘Love God, love neighbor, and love land.’ The establishment of Haneul Middle School by Kang Seong-Gab was the model case of Christian social movement, even though everything was short in supply after the Liberation, together with JinYoung Church and the regional community having enthusiasm to rebuild new nation, that they made up of an alternative plan to overcome the appalling conditions to educate the rural area.

조선후기 홍성 성호리 동제의 성립과 신격의 변화

강성복(Kang Seong-Bok) 역사문화학회 2007 지방사와 지방문화 Vol.10 No.2

이 연구는 조선 후기 충남 서해안에서 대표적인 포구촌으로 성장하는 홍성 성호리 동제의 성립과 변화과정을 추적한 논문이다. 성호리 동제는 정월 대보름 당제(당맞이)와 산제, 그리고 섣달그믐(초하루 자시)에 거행되는 오방제(五方察)가 3중구조를 이루고 있다. 그런데 「성호신당상량문」(1671), 「성호신당중수기」(1851), 「제각창건기」(1908)의 기록을 분석을 통해 볼 때, 성호리 동제는 상당(산제) → 하당(당제) → 중당(오방제)의 순으로 좌정된 것임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같이 시대적인 배경을 달리하여 성립된 성호리 동제는 조선 후기에 이르러 두 가지 측면에서 두드러진 변화를 보이고 있다. 그 하나는 하당의 신격이 기존의 ‘신당지신(神堂之神)’에서 ‘임경업 장군’ 부부로 대치된다는 점이고, 다른 하나는 중당의 례인 오방제가 새롭게 등장한다는 사실이다. 본고에서는 임경업 장군이 주신격으로 수용되는 배경은 어업의 성패를 좌우했던 조기잡이와 긴밀하게 관련된 것임을 논증하였다. 아울러 오방제의 성립은 18세기 후반 성호리에서 주도세력으로 부각되는 지배계층의 이해와 어업환경의 변화가 반영된 산물일 가능성에 초점을 맞추었다. 성호리 동제의 지속과 변화는 임경업 장군이 신격화되는 시기를 가늠할 수 있는 중요한 지표가 된다는 점에서, 향후 서해안 도서지역의 동제 연구에 많은 시사점을 주리라고 생각된다. This thesis is aim to follow up what the transition process and its factors of the Village Ritual at Hongsung Seongho-ri in the Later Part of Chosun are. As a commercial port, Seongho-ri is typical fishing village which is located on the entrance of Mosan-man in the west coast of Choongnam province. The Village Ritual of Seongho-ri is presumed that it has originated from the beginning of Chosun and it has transmitted till now. One is Obangje(五方祭) as the lunar New Year's greeting ritual, the other one is Dangje(堂祭) as the year's first full moon celebration. The Village Ritual at Hongsung Seongho-ri has established triple shrines, which are Sangdang(上堂), Jungdang(中堂), and Hadang(下堂). Each shrine has the divinity of the god, which are Sanshin(山神, it means the god of a mountain), Obangshin(五方神, it means the god of five-directions), and Haeshin(海神, it means the god of sea). It is becoming clear the origins of these three shrines are not established at the same time, but each shrine established in different historical background. In fact, it is impossible to prove clearly at present but preserved documents of village shows Sangdang(上堂) and Hadang(下堂) became the archetype of the Village Ritual at Hongsung Seorigho-ri. It inherited the tradition of the beginning of Chosun(the Lee Dynasty). On the contrary Jungdang, the Obangje is distinct from Dangje as the year's first full moon celebration. It is becoming known that the Obangje has established newly after the middle part of the 18th century. The Village Ritual at Hongsung Seongho-ri has long history, and it shows distinguished transition of two aspects in the later part of Chosun. One is the point that the divinity of god at Hadang replaced from 'Shindangjisin' (神堂之神, it means the god of shrine) to the couple of 'the General Lim Gyeongup', the other one is the fact that the Obangje has established as Jungdang. This study attempted to prove the background that the General Lim Gyeongup who are respectable as 'the god of a big catch' became the god of village. In a word, the reason why the General Lim Gyeongup became the god of village is closely related to the change of life circumstance, so to speak, catch a chogi(yellow corvina) which decided success or failure of fishing for the fishermen in the west coast. Furthermore, I developed the discussion focusing on the possibility that the establishment of Obangje would be a result of political interests of ruling class who were growing up as the leading group. Remembering the case of Seongho-ri in Chosun, it is rare and precious material which contain historical features of Village Ritual of Chosun so that it's academic significance is never too small. First of all this study will offer a lot of the points of suggestion of the studies of Village Rituals in west coast in that it would be a index to forecast the time when the General Lim Gyeongup became the god of village in the west coastal region in the later part of Chosun.

일반논문 : 의안대군이화(義安大君李和)의 공신력(功臣歷)에 대한 고찰

천성래 ( Seong Rai Cheon ) 한서대학교 동양고전연구소 2014 동방학 Vol.30 No.-

본 논문은 "여말 선초 의안대군 이화의 공신력"에 대한 고찰로서, 고려 말에서 조선 초기는 왕조의 폐망과 개국으로의 변화가 극심했던 시기로서 공신 의안대군 이화의 활동을 중심으로 공신력을 살펴 본 것이다. 여말선초 위화도 회군과 조선의 개국, 제1차, 제2차 왕자의 난으로 국내외적으로 위기 상황에서 이화는 결정적인 공을 세웠고 그것은 그가 여말선초 4대공신이라는 기록적인 의미로 남게 되었다. 고려의 멸망과 조선의 건국이라는 미명아래 많은 공신들이 탄생할 수밖에 없었고 공신도감을 설치하여 공신에 대한 업무를 관장하게 하였을 정도이다. 여말 선초의 최대 공신인 이화는 태조 이성계의 이복동생으로서 회군공신, 개국공신, 정사공신, 좌명공신 등 4대 공신에 책봉되며, 당대 최대의 특혜를 누린 인물이다. 그는 이성계의 최측근에서 여러 환난을 슬기롭게 극복하고 행동하는 왕족으로서 고려 말 조선 초기의 실제적 힘이 되었다. 그는 영삼사사를 지내고 마침내 영의정이 되었으나 그에 대한연구는 거의 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 의안대군 이화의 행적을 통해 여말선초의 공신에 대해 살펴보고, 공신에 대한 특혜와 공신의 위차 등에 대한 차이를 살펴보는데 의미가 있다고 하겠다. 이를 통해 우리 역사 속에 숨어 드러나지 않았던 태조 이성계의 이복동생 의안대군 이화에 대한 생애를 더듬어보고, 왕족으로서 위기의 순간에 역동적인 행동을 통해 성리학으로 무장한 신흥사대부와 더불어 조선의 정통성 확립을 이룩한 이면의 무인정신을 찾을 수 있을 것이다. As a part of examination into vassals of merit from the late era of Goryeo Dynasty to the early era of Joseon Dynasty, this study sought to investigate history about vassals of merit primarily in terms of Euian Daegun Yi Hwa`s meritorious activities during such period of transition where extreme changes occurred with collapse of former dynasty as well as foundation of new dynasty. Yi Hwa rendered his distinguished services even under critical situations-whether national or international-accompanied with troop withdrawal at Wihwado, foundation of Joseon dynasty and two prince revolts(1st and 2nd). And his services gave a historical implication that he was one of 4 great vassals of merit during such a period of transition in Korean history. Under the guise of Goryeo Dynasty`s collapse and Joseon Dynasty`s foundation, it was inevitable that there were many vassals of merit produced during this critical period, and royal family granted proper favors to those vassals with stipend for vassals of merit. In particular, Joseon Dynasty installed even a governmental office for vassals of merit to supervise general affairs about vassals of merit. It may be definitely to say that Euian Daegun Yi Hwa was the greatest vassal of merit during the period of transition from Goryeo to Joseon. He was a half-brother of Taejo Yi Seong-gye, the founder of Joseon Dynasty. Yi Hwa was invested as the vassal of 4 great merits in contribution to troop withdrawal, new dynasty foundation, affairs of state and assistance in making Yi Seong-gye the first king of Joseon dynasty, so he could enjoy the greatest favor granted by the governmental authority of his contemporary dynasty. Yi Hwa was a royal family member who stood nearest by Yi Seong-gye and got over a series of hardships wisely with bold actions, so he could play a role as real contributor to founding Joseon Dynasty after collapse of Goryeo Dynasty. According to historical documents, he took up Yeongsamsasa and was finally appointed as Yeong-euijeong, the prime minister of Joseon Dynasty, but there was very few studies focusing on his presence in the history. Therefore, this study has its implications in that it addresses the historical activities of Euian Daegun Yi Hwa to examine vassals of merit from the late era of Goryeo Dynasty to the early era of Joseon Dynasty, and determine any differences in special favors and order of ranks for the vassal of merit. Thus, it is expected that we will be able to explore the lifetime of Yi Hwa, a covered half-brother of Taejo Yi Seong-gye in Korean history, and will be able to examine Yi Hwa``s dynamic actions as royal family at critical moments of historical transition, so that we may find out the military spirit of a vassal behind his meritorious contribution to establishing the legitimacy of Joseon Dynasty in collaboration with emerging gentry armed with the philosophy of Neo-confucianism.

인문,사회과학편 : 무형문화재 택견 복원 및 활용방안: 아래대 택견 왕십리를 중심으로

안재식(JaeSikAn),장경태(KyeongTaeJang),이달원(DalWonLee),이성노(SeongNoLee) 한국체육학회 2015 한국체육학회지 Vol.54 No.2

이 연구는 성동구 왕십리의 대표 문화재라 할 수 있는 전통무예 택견의 가치를 재인식하여 지역 경제 활성화와 문화정체성 확립에 기여하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 또한 전통무예 택견을 성동구 왕십리 지역의 문화관광 자원으로서 활용하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 연구의 방법은 성동지역, 특히 왕십리를 중심으로 전통무예 택견의 역사적 의의를 고찰하였다. 또한 현황과 실태를 파악하고, 나타나는 문제점을 도출하여 전통무예 택견이 성동지역의 역사문화관광 콘텐츠로 활용될 수 있도록 하는 방안을 제시하였다. 도출한 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 살곶이다리 택견터 지명이다. 둘째, 살곶이 체육공원, 서울 숲 등에서 생활체육 택견 7330의 보급이다. 셋째, 왕십리 문화광장, 서울숲 등에서 택견 정기공연 및 성동구청장기 택견대회 개최이다. 넷째, 성동구 택견 체험 학습장 운영이다. 다섯째, 성동구 초·중·고등학교 택견 인성교육 프로그램 개발 및 보급이다. 여섯째, 택견을 활용한 청년 고용창출 및 사회적기업 육성이다. 성동구 왕십리 지역은 중요무형문화재 제76호이자 유네스코 인류무형유산인 택견이 약 100여 년 전에 가장 성행하였던 역사적인 장소이다. 이 연구를 통해 왕십리 지역의 택견 복원 사업으로 우리 민족의 우수한 몸짓이 더 많은 사람들에게 소개되고 문화예술 콘텐츠 산업에 새로운 대안이 마련될 수 있기를 기대해본다. The purposes of this study were to reconsider the values of Taekkyeon, a traditional martial art that was regarded as one of the representative cultural assets of Wangship-ri, Seongdong-gu, and make a contribution to the activation of local economy and the establishment of cultural identity. It also aimed to provide basic data to utilize Taekkyeon as a cultural tourism resource of Wangship-ri, Seongdong-gu. As for methodology, the investigator examined the historical significance of Taekkyeon in the Seongdong area, especially Wangship-ri, figured out its current state and condition, identified its problems, and proposed plans to utilize Taekkyeon as the content of historical and cultural tourism in the Seongdong area. The conclusions were as follows: first, the site of Taekkyeon should be named Salgojidari. Second, Taekkyeon 7330 be spread as a sport for all at the Salgoji Sports Park and Seoul Forest. Third, a regular Taekkyeon performance be held along with a Taekkyeon competition at the Wangship-ri Culture Plaza and Seoul Forest. Fourth, experiencing and learning Taekkyeon should be operated by Seongdong-gu. Fifth, a Taekkyeon personality education program be developed and distributed for schools in Seongdong-gu. Finally, Taekkyeon be utilized to create jobs for youths and cultivate social enterprises. Wangship-ri, Seongdong-gu is a historical place where Taekkyeon, Important Intangible Cultural Property No. 76 and UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, prevailed the most 100 years ago. The present study will hopefully help to introduce the excellent body movement of Korean to more people and devise new alternatives to the culture and art content industry through a Taekkyeon restoration project of Wangship-ri.

지역문제 해결을 위한 국내 리빙랩 사례 분석

성지은(Seong, Ji Eun),한규영(Han, Kyu Young),정서화(Jeong, Seo Hwa) 한국과학기술학회 2016 과학기술학연구 Vol.16 No.2

최근 국내에서도 사회 주체(주민, 사용자 등) 주도형 혁신모델이자 지역·현장기반형 혁신의 장으로서 리빙랩이 도입·적용되고 있다. 본 연구는 지역사회문제 해결을 위한 실험으로 ‘리빙랩’을 명시하고 추진된 북촌 리빙랩, 성대골 리빙랩, 건너유 프로젝트 3개 사례를 분석하였다. 각 사례의 지역문제, 문제해결 목표, 참여주체 및 주체별 역할, 리빙랩 추진체계, 의의를 분석하고 리빙랩의 유형·특성을 도출했으며, 향후 발전 방안을 모색하였다. 분석 결과 각 사례는 기술 활용 방식과 사용되는 기술의 특성은 차이가 있으나 과학기술·ICT와 지역문제 해결을 연계하고자 했으며 지역주민이 문제 발굴부터 기술 실험 및 확산·적용까지 리빙랩 전반에서 주도적인 역할을 수행하였다. 또한 공통적으로 중간지원조직의 역할이 리빙랩 운영에 중요한 요인으로 작용하였다. 각 사례는 서로 다른 리빙랩 유형을 보이고 있는데, 북촌 IoT 리빙랩은 정부/지자체가 리빙랩 활동기반 조성 또는 행위자 활동을 지원하고 프로젝트 형태로 운영된 반면, 성대골 에너지전환 리빙랩과 건너유 프로젝트는 시민사회 스스로 지역문제를 해결하기 위해 문제를 정의하고 기술을 탐색하는 형태로 진행되었다. Living Lab is being introduced and applied as an innovation model driven by social entities (residents, users, etc.) and as an innovation place based on local and field. This study analyzed three living lab cases of Bukchon IoT living lab, Seong-Daegol energy transition living lab, and Daejeon Geonneoyu project, which were designated as "Living Lab" to solve local problems. We analyzed the local problem, the problem solving goal, the role of each participant and the subject, the living lab promotion system, the significance in each case. In addition, the types and characteristics of living labs were elucidated and future development plans were discussed. The result is as follow. First, each case has a tendency to link science technology and ICT with local problem solving though there is a difference between the technologies used. Second, local residents played a leading role in the whole living lab process from problem identification to technical experimentation, diffusion and application. Third, the role of the intermediaries commonly played an important role in the operation of the living lab. Last but not least, each case has different types of living lab. Bukchon IoT living lab being operated as a project by the government / municipality to create a living lab activity-base or to support actors’ activities. On the other hand, the Seong-Daegol energy transition living lab and Daejeon Geonneoyu project were conducted by the civil society itself to define problems and explore technologies in order to solve local problems.

Lateral Control of Autonomous Vehicle by Yaw Rate Feedback

SeongJaeHong,ManHyungLee,최주용,KyoungTaikPark,WanSukYoo 대한기계학회 2002 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.16 No.3

Salinity Effects on the Survival of the Metazooplankton in the Coastal Waters off the Seamankeum Areas

SEONGTAEKKIM,JONGHYEOKKIM,SEJINPAE,HAEJINJEONG 한국해양과학기술원 2003 Ocean science journal Vol.38 No.4

성주사지 출토 평기와 제작기법의 변천과 실측기법 제안

성정용(Seong Jeong-yong) 湖西史學會 2012 역사와 담론 Vol.0 No.62

Seongju-temple, founded in A.D. 847 in Boryeong, is famous as one of the Nine Mountain Monasteries, and has undergone larger changes in five times since its foundation in Sabi period of the Baekje dynasty through the latter period of the Chosun dynasty as revealed in the excavation findings. By the analysis of main manufacturing techniques of the plain roofing-tiles collected from the layer based excavations, it was found that several manufacturing techniques such as mold type, beating direction, and modification method of the inner lower part of convex roofing-tile had changed reflecting the time variance. Especially the mold type of Migu roofing-tiles (tiered convex roofing-tiles) have changed since the mid-term of the Kyoro dynasty from the form that Migu part meets the main body at right angle into the form that makes no angles. Such type of mold connecting Migu and the main body without angles is same with the type of mold that make Tosu roofing-tiles (non-tiered convex roofing-tiles), it is concluded that the mold type of Migu roofing-tiles had changedin a way to promote the easiness of manufacturing and made in itself properties that could help doing periodizaiton. It was also found that Tosu roofing-tiles had been used in the Chosun dynasty. The form of tiles is difficult to change due to the functional restrictions, and their manufacturing techniques are not very sensitive to the temporal changes. But in Seongju-temple site, the changes of the major patterns are confirmed so that patterns are also useful in periodization in its way, and chronological recording will be much easier when analyzing by correlating with the manufacturing techniques. Meanwhile, the drawings of artifacts are able to be the most effective when they deliver the form and relevant properties of the manufacturing techniques clearly and concretely as possible. So far there has been a lot of skepticism about how drawings related to roofing-tiles are useful, so I proposed in this respect to create drawings of roofing-tilesusing the method of measurement of pottery.

레비나스와 베이유의 윤리적 주체성 연구

( Seong¸ Shin Hyung ) 한국윤리학회(구 한국국민윤리학회) 2020 倫理硏究 Vol.131 No.1

Based on Emmanuel Levinas and Simone Weil, this examines moral agency the relation between self and outside of self. Levinas criticizes the Heideggerian ontology that is limited to the subject-centered relationship, resulting in the collapse of human relationship. He argues that humanity focus on the existential and phenomenological condition that there are others outside of self makes people act ethically. Second, Simone Weil begins her thoughts from her experience of affliction and develops into thoughts of morality acknowledge as she acknowledges her acceptance of affliction from a distance, the gravity of the world and grace of God and the love of neighbor. Thus, this study demonstrates that humanity can become a moral agency through the new relationship among people, the world and God.

A Numerical Study on the Spray-to-Spray Impingement System

SeongHyukLee,고권현,HongSunRyou 대한기계학회 2002 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.16 No.2