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1
Systemic and molecular analysis dissect the red ginseng induction of apoptosis and autophagy in HCC as mediated with AMPK

Young Woo Kim,Seon Been Bak,Won-Yung Lee,Su Jin Bae,Eun Hye Lee,Ju-Hye Yang,Kwang Youn Kim,Chang Hyun Song,Sang Chan Kim,Un-Jung Yun,Kwang Il Park The Korean Society of Ginseng 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.3
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Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high incidence and is one of the highest mortality cancers when advanced stage is proceeded. However, Anti-cancer drugs available for treatment are limited and new anti-cancer drugs and new ways to treat them are minimal. We examined that the effects and possibility of Red Ginseng (RG, Panax ginseng Meyer) as new anti-cancer drug on HCC by combining network pharmacology and molecular biology. Materials and Methods: Network pharmacological analysis was employed to investigate the systems-level mechanism of RG focusing on HCC. Cytotoxicity of RG was determined by MTT analysis, which were also stained by annexin V/PI staining for apoptosis and acridine orange for autophagy. For the analyze mechanism of RG, we extracted protein and subjected to immunoblotting for apoptosis or autophagy related proteins. Results: We constructed compound-target network of RG and identified potential pathways related to HCC. RG inhibited growth of HCC through acceleration of cytotoxicity and reduction of wound healing ability of HCC. RG also increased apoptosis and autophagy through AMPK induction. In addition, its ingredients, 20S-PPD (protopanaxadiol) and 20S-PPT (protopanaxatriol), also induced AMPK mediated apoptosis and autophagy. Conclusion: RG effectively inhibited growth of HCC cells inducing apoptosis and autophagy via ATG/AMPK in HCC cells. Overall, our study suggests possibility as new anti-cancer drug on HCC by proof for the mechanism of the anti-cancer action of RG.
2
Systematic exploration of therapeutic effects and key mechanisms of Panax ginseng using network-based approaches

Young Woo Kim,Seon Been Bak,Yu Rim Song,Chang-Eop Kim,Won-Yung Lee 고려인삼학회 2024 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.48 No.4
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Background: Network pharmacology has emerged as a powerful tool to understand the therapeutic effects andmechanisms of natural products. However, there is a lack of comprehensive evaluations of network-based approachesfor natural products on identifying therapeutic effects and key mechanisms. Purpose: We systematically explore the capabilities of network-based approaches on natural products, usingPanax ginseng as a case study. P. ginseng is a widely used herb with a variety of therapeutic benefits, but its activeingredients and mechanisms of action on chronic diseases are not yet fully understood. Methods: Our study compiled and constructed a network focusing on P. ginseng by collecting and integrating dataon ingredients, protein targets, and known indications. We then evaluated the performance of different networkbasedmethods for summarizing known and unknown disease associations. The predicted results were validatedin the hepatic stellate cell model. Results: We find that our multiscale interaction-based approach achieved an AUROC of 0.697 and an AUPR of0.026, which outperforms other network-based approaches. As a case study, we further tested the ability ofmultiscale interactome-based approaches to identify active ingredients and their plausible mechanisms for breastcancer and liver cirrhosis. We also validated the beneficial effects of unreported and top-predicted ingredients, incases of liver cirrhosis and gastrointestinal neoplasms. Conclusion: our study provides a promising framework to systematically explore the therapeutic effects and keymechanisms of natural products, and highlights the potential of network-based approaches in natural productresearch.
3
Jageum-Jung, the herbal pharmaceuticals, inhibits the hepatic fibrogenesis as mediated with TGF-β1/smad signaling

송유림,Jang Mi Hee,Jang Boyun,Bae Su Jin,Bak Seon Been,Lee Sung Min,Yun Un-Jung,Lee Ju Hee,Park Sang Mi,Jung Dae Hwa,Sa Bok Suk,Song Jong Kuk,이은혜,김광연,Park Kwang-Il,김영우,김상찬 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2022 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.18 No.2
Background Herbal prescriptions have various effects and their efficacy is potentiated by the use of combinations of medicinal herbs. Objective Jageum-Jung (JGJ) is a traditional oriental medical prescription composed of five herbs. It has been used for detoxifi cation, and as an anti-inflammatory and antitumor agent. However, the effect of JGJ on hepatic fibrogenesis is unclear. Results We investigated the role of JGJ in TGF-β1/smad signaling, which is implicated in fibrogenesis, and its hepatoprotective effect in CCl 4 -treated mice with liver fi brosis. Treatment of LX-2 cells with TGF-β induced expression of mediators (α-SMA, PAI-1, and MMP-2) of fibrogenesis and activation of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). However, these were downregulated by pretreatment with JGJ. In mice, oral administration of JGJ prevented liver injury induced by CCl 4 , as indicated by decreases in the ALT and AST levels. Conclusions JGJ inhibits hepatic fibrogenesis and TGF-β1/Smad signaling.