On Parasitic Gap Stuctures in English

Yoon, Seok Hwa 대한언어학회 1996 언어학 Vol.4 No.-

Yoon, Seok-Hwa. 1996. On Parasitic Gap Structures in English. Linguistics 4, 145-168. The purpose of this paper is to survey on parasitic gap structures with special reference to English, and to provide adequate accounts for the phenomena closely related to them, within the principles and parameters approach to the grammar of natural language. We assume that null operator structures involve predicational null operator structures and parasitic gap structures, but examine only parasitic gap structures. The assumption that a governed null operator is a variable seems to be specific to adjunct-internal PG structures. But if we do not put any restriction on the Bijection Principle, typical adjunct PG structures will violate it. Furthermore, there are some exceptional adjunct PG structures for which the Modified Strong Binding Condition is not applicable. (Wonkwang University)

Syntactic Recoverability of Null Objects in Korean

Yoon, Seok Hwa 대한언어학회 1997 언어학 Vol.5 No.2

Yoon, Seok-Hwa. 1997. Syntactic Recoverability of Null Objects in Korean. Linguistics, 5-2, 271-288. The purpose of this paper is to survey James Huang's recent proposal regarding nominals with special reference to Korean, and to propose a new analysis on the syntactic recoverability of the null objects, and to present some theoretical implications of my analysis on parametic variation with Chomsky's principles and parameters approach in syntax. So far I have argued that some functional phrases are existent and behave like dynamic elements in Korean syntax although the existence of functional categories such as AGRPs is minimally attested in its morphology. (Won Kwang University)

Null Operator Structures in English

Yoon, Seok Hwa 대한언어학회 1995 언어학 Vol.3 No.-

Yoon, Seok-Hwa(1995). Null Operator Structures in English. Linguistics, Vol. 3. The purpose of this paper is ,to survey on null operator structures with special reference to English, and to provide adequate accounts for the phenomena and distribution of the null operators and the phenomena closely related to them, within the principles and parameters approach to the grammar of natural language. We assume that null operator structures involve predicational null operator structures and parasitic gap structures, but examine only predicational null operators. On the assumption that predicational null operators are ungoverned since predicational null operators are not complements but adjuncts to the matrix verb, Contreras(1989) argues that predicational null operators behave like PRO and are licensed by Control Theory.

EMLA Cream 도포와 1% Lidocaine 침윤 후 요골동맥천자시 진통정도의 비교

윤석화,황원재,최세진 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1995 충남의대잡지 Vol.22 No.2

In a double blind study, the efficacy of topical 5% EMLA cream was compared with that of 1% lidocaine infiltration in the pain-relief and incidence of complication after radial arterial cannulation. Forty three premedicated adults were allocated randomly to two groups to receive EMLA cream and 1% lidocaine infiltration. Following arterial cannulation, pain was assessed by the patient using visual analogue score (VAS) and by a independent observer using four-caregory verbal rating score (VRS). There no significant differences between the EMLA group and 1% lidocaine infiltration group both patient and observer assessments. Compared with lidocaine infiltration group, significantly lower trial numbers of puncture in those recieving EMLA cream group, but no difference of discomfortness of puncture were observed in EMLA cream group.

백서에서 Bupivacaine의 Cardiovascular Toxicity에 대한 전처치 투여된 Midazolam의 효과

윤석화 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.2

It has been show that administration of toxic doses of bupivacaine may induce ventricular dysrhythmia. To determine the effect of midazolam premedication on cardiovascular effects of bupivacaine, the author administered toxic doses of bupivacaine to awake spontaneously breathing rats(150-200gm, Sprague-Dawely) after intraperitoneal injection with midazolam(0.1mg/kg) or saline(0.25cc). Lead II EKG was continously recorded. Ten minutes after administration of one of these solutions, they began an infusion of 0.5% bupivacaine at 50ml/kg/hr(4.17mg/min). The bupivacaine infusion was continued until asystole on EKG. Serious dysrhythmias were noted in all groups, but premedication with midazolam significantly delayed the onset of first ventricular dysrhythmias(p<0.05), increased the total toxic dose of bupivacaine(p<0.01), but did not change the onset of asystole.

Midazolam의 백서 기관평활근 이완효과와 Flumazenil의 길항작용

윤석화,신용섭,손수창,이원형,김혜자,최세진 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1995 충남의대잡지 Vol.22 No.2

Midazolam have been used widely as adjuvants in both regional and general anesthesia and in high risk patients in the intensive care unit. In the present study we evaluated the effect of midazolam and antagonistic effect of flumazenil on isolated rat tracheal preparations mounted for recording isometric contractile force. Trachea smooth muscle were contracted with acetylcholine (10^-5M, Ach) and potassium chloride (40mM KC1). Midazolam 5x10 exp (-6)M and 5x10 exp (-5)M produced dose-dependent relaxation and flumazenil (3.2 x 10 exp (-7)M), central antagonist of benzodiazepine, pretreatment had no significant change midazolaminduced relaxation. Midazolam probably did not relax airway smooth muscle by activatong central benzodiazepine receptors, as flumazenil did not block the concentration-related relaxation of midazolam. Our study suggests that flumazenil may be used satety for asthmatic patients who have been with midazolam, as flumazenil did not antagonize airway relaxation elicited by midazolam.

중학생의 태권도에 대한 인식과 참여욕구에 관한 연구

윤상화,신윤석 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 2003 武道硏究所誌 Vol.14 No.1

This study is attempted to survey the recognition of and desire for participation in Taegwondo for 920 students of 3 middle schools located in Myeonmok-dong of Seoul city as of 2003, to examine how they, our juveniles, recognize our proud Taegwondo and what they have desire for participation in Taegwondo, and to ultimately provide fundamental data for efficient Taegwondo education. Subjects of this study were selected randomly in 3 middle schools located in Myeonmokdong of Seoul City currently and totally 920 students from 1st year, 2nd year, and 3rd year students. Questionnaires were prepared on the basis of self-administration and, as a result of questionnaire, 10 questionnaires were excluded under the decision that they were not reliable and 910 valid samples were gained. For data analysis, SPSS 10.0 statistic program was applied and reliability analysis, frequency analysis, ANOVA, and pearson correlation were used as statistic analysis methods. Findings of this study from data analysis are as follows. First, it was shown that the recognition of middle school students for Taegwondo was high as a whole and, especially, the recognition of position and general recognition were significantly high. But, it was shown that they did not know well the cognitive area. Second, it was found that their desire for participation in Taegwondo was negative wholly while they showed high desire for participation with respect to psychomotor area and definitive area. Third, it was revealed that the higher their recognition of Taegwondo was, the higher their desire for participation in Taegwondo was.

英語學習의 敎授工學的 接近

尹錫花 圓光大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.16 No.1

This thesis to attempt to briefly study the actual conditions of English Teaching, and I consider the new plan and the management of English Teach in order to the technological approaches to English studying in future. If the main points in this thesis summarize, ① as language learning is an art, not science, it forms habibialization and constitutionalization through speaking & hearing drills and repeating drills. ② It is also efficient to study language learning as well as all the rules and the notions according to the stematic and organizing program textbook. ③ We must hold the language laboratory to repeat speaking & hearing drills effiently and exactly. ④ It is necessary to additionally install the group response analyzer in order to study the program learning more efficiently. ⑤ It is necessary to bring in the new teachings, that is, V.T.R.,C.C.T.V., Slide, Projectors, Synchrofax, etc. and make the most of them organically and vertically in order to manage the mass-teaching and learning individualization afficiently. ⑥ We must promote the maximization of the use of machinery and educational facilities.

백서의 적출된 기도평활근에서 Ketamine의 이완효과

윤석화,김윤희,김상수,이상묵 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1997 충남의대잡지 Vol.24 No.2

The effects of anesthetics on airway smooth muscle tone are important in the management of patients with asthma. Airway epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells modulate the tone of the underlying smooth muscle by releasing relaxing factors such as prostanoids and nitric oxide (NO). Ketamine, at concentrations achieved with the usual clinical doses, has a direct relaxant effect on airway smooth muscle. In the present study we evaluated whether the relaxant effect of ketamine depend on any of the epithelium-derived relaxing factors. Isolated rat tracheal preparations mounted in water-jacketed organ baths filled with modified Tris Tyrode buffer solution with 100% oxygen at 37˚C for recording isometric contractile force. In the first experimental step, Tracheae, in the absence and in the presence of epithelium, were contracted with acetylcholine(10^-8M-10^-3M), and we plotted concentration -response curve for the Ach. And then we examined the inhibitory effect of ketamine(10^-5 and 10^-4M) on the concentration-response curve for Ach. In the second experimental steps, we studied the effect of N-omega-nitro L-arginine methylester(L-NAME) on the relaxant activity of ketamine(10^-6-10^-3M) on trachea contracted by 10^-5M Ach. In the result, 1) Removal of the tracheal epithelium did not change the response to Ach. 2) 10^-5M ketamine not significantly changed, but 10^-4 M ketamine shifted to the right the concentration-response curves for Ach in both intact and denuded epithelium rings. 3) L-NAME did not influence the relaxant effect of ketamine on trachea contracted by 10^-5 M Ach. These results indicate that ketamine-induced tracheal smooth muscle relaxation is epithelium-independent and may be is mediated by inhibition of Ca^++ influx in nonspecific way.

영어의 관계사절과 보문소에 관한 연구

尹錫花 圓光大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.25 No.1

This study investigates some syntactic and semantic aspects of English relativization whithin the framework of the generative grammar, especially. the Government-binding Theory and the Conjunction Analysis & the Predicate-Conjunct Analysis Theory. The main focuses are placed on examining some previous claims and theoreticl assumptions concerning English relativization in order to establish some systematic descriptions and an explanatory adequacy of these constructions as a part of the Universal Grammar, and also on incorporating the relative analysis of Chomsky's and McCawley's & Thompson's and presenting one model for them, that is, R-binding and X-binding. Chapter 1 presents a brief introductory linguistic framework of Chomsky's syntactic models as the system of levels and rules. And this chapter reviews various syntactic constraints and consitions proposed by Chomsky. The systems of constraints incorporated into the chapter are X-bar Theory, θ-Theory, Predication Theory, Government Theory, Case Theory, Bounding Theory, Binding Theory, and Control Theory. Chapter 2 presents the structures of the traditional relative clauses, the structures of interrogative question, and relative clauses of Chomsky(1986b). In this chapter the relative clauses have to keep Doubly-Filled COMP Filter, Case Filter, Strong Binding, Wead Crossover Constraint, Subjacenty Condition and Empty Category Principle. Chomsky(1981) raises a question with the complexity of the relationship of resumptive pronouns, antecedents and relative pronouns, and infinitival clauses. Chomsky(1982, 1986a, b), in order to solve this problem, sets up Empty Operator in the relativization with Empty Operator Movement Rule, and also it prisents Strong Binding to specify antecedent relationships. It argues the differences between restrictive clauses and non-restrictive clauses, the problem of Weak Crossover Constraints and the problem with the classification of resumptive pronoun. We will have to specify exceptions to Subjacency Condition and Empty Category Principle explicitly, and analyse non-restrictive relative clauses with GB Theory. Chapter 3 presents the Conjunction Analysis of Thomposn(1971) and Predicate-Conjunct Analysis of McCawley(1981). This chapter presents syntactic and semantic, especially. speech-contextual differences in restrictive and non-restrictive and pseudo-relative clauses. In this analysis the underlying structure of restrictive and non-restrictives are suggested as a conjunctive, not as an embeddded construction. In connection with this, my approach makes it essential to pay close attention to the interaction of predicte NP and relative pronoun at issue in the conjunctive analysis. In additionm the meanings of two closely related to form but structurally different frlative clauses are distinguished with the help of speech contextual analysis. Finally, in order to present this new approach this chatpter distinguishes two kinds of binging in relative head called R-binding. The binding from Comp is called A-binding and the binding by a relative head is called R-binding. The distinction between binding relation relation leads to a contrast between restrictive and con-restrictive relatives: R-binding applies to the restrictives, while X-binding to non-restrictives. It is to claim that such a new critetion is powerful enough to differentiate in meaning the two kinds of relative clauses; that is, the restrictive and the non-restrictive.