Lactoferrin causes IgA and IgG2b isotype switching through betaglycan binding and activation of canonical TGF-β signaling

Jang, Y-S,Seo, G-Y,Lee, J-M,Seo, H-Y,Han, H-J,Kim, S-J,Jin, B-R,Kim, H-J,Park, S-R,Rhee, K-J,Kim, W-S,Kim, P-H Society for Mucosal Immunology 2015 Mucosal immunology Vol.8 No.4

<P>Lactoferrin (LF), a pleiotropic iron-binding glycoprotein, is known to modulate the humoral immune response. However, its exact role in Ig synthesis has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of LF on Ig production by mouse B cells and its underlying mechanisms. LF, like transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1, stimulated B cells to produce IgA and IgG2b, while downregulating other isotypes. Using limiting dilution analysis, LF was shown to increase the frequency of IgA-secreting B-cell clones. This was paralleled by an increase in Ig germ-line alpha (GL alpha) transcripts, indicating that LF plays a role as an IgA switch factor. Interestingly, LF directly interacted with betaglycan (TGF-beta receptor III, T beta RIII) and in turn induced phosphorylation of T beta RI and Smad3 through formation of the T beta RIII/T beta RII/T beta RI complex, leading to IgA isotype switching. Peroral administration of LF increased intestinal/serum IgA production as well as number of IgA plasma cells in lamina propria. Finally, we found that LF has an adjuvant activity when nontoxigenic Salmonella typhimurium was inoculated perorally, conferring protection against intragastrical infection of toxigenic S. typhimurium. These results suggest that LF has an important effect on the mucosal/systemic IgA response and can contribute to protection against intestinal pathogens.</P>

逆流浸降 電流法에 依한 돼지의 X-, Y-精子分離 關한 硏究

李用斌,呂政秀,鄭用基,尹種擇,徐國聖 서울大學校 農科大學 1980 서울대농학연구지 Vol.5 No.2

This experiment was carried out to separate X- and Y- bearing sperm of boar semen from 4 boars raising at the College of Agriculture, Seoul National University. The boar semen collected was treated by the counter streaming sedimentation and galvanization. The results obtained were as follows; Average appearance of B-body from control was 45.2%, when the experiment was performed with counter streaming sedimentation alone appearance of B-body from top and bottom fraction were 59.4% and 36.3%, respectively. The frequency of appearance of B-body from 30(24%) and 40(19.6%) minutes among treatments were statistically significant differences. Appearance of B-body from anode was 54% and from cathode was 37.9% after counter streaming sedimentation and galvanization. The difference between anode and cathode was significant differences at the 30(14.7%), 40(19.4%) and 50(19.9%) minutes. The frequency of appearance of B-body from counter streaming galvanization was significantly higher than that from counter streaming sedimentation. Therefore, the result from counter streaming sedimentation(30 minutes) and galvanization(30 minutes) was the most useful.

Inhibition of NF-κB-induced inflammatory responses by angiotensin II antagonists in aged rat kidney

Kim, J.M.,Heo, H.S.,Choi, Y.J.,Ye, B.H.,Mi Ha, Y.,Seo, A.Y.,Yu, B.P.,Leeuwenburgh, C.,Chung, H.Y.,Carter, C.S. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2011 Experimental Gerontology Vol.46 No.7

In this study, we explored the mechanisms by which the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), enalapril, and the Ang II receptor blocker (ARB), losartan suppress oxidative stress and NF-κB activation-induced inflammatory responses in aged rat kidney. The experimentations were carried out utilizing aged (24-month-old) Brown NorwayxFischer 344 (F1) male rats which were randomized into 3 groups and administered enalapril (40mg/kg), losartan (30mg/kg) or placebo for 6months (daily p.o.). The level of reactive species (RS), peroxynitrite (ONOO<SUP>-</SUP>), GSH/GSSG and lipid peroxidation were measured. The activity of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, and gene expression of proteins in upstream signaling cascades were measured by electro-mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Western blotting. Enalapril and losartan differentially attenuated redox imbalance and the redox-sensitive transcription factor, the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, stimulation of the NF-κB activation pathway by phosphorylation of p65 was attenuated by both compounds. Moreover, mediation of phosphorylation of p65 by phosphorylation of IκB kinase αβ (IKKαβ) and mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK-1), were also inhibited by enalapril and losartan. Finally, both compounds also lowered expression of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory genes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Only losartan lowered levels of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). These findings indicate that enalapril and losartan differentially suppress inflammatory responses via inhibition of oxidative stress-induced NF-κB activation in aged rat kidney.

Enhanced antitumor immunotherapeutic effect of B-cell-based vaccine transduced with modified adenoviral vector containing type 35 fiber structures

Kim, E-K,Seo, H-S,Chae, M-J,Jeon, I-S,Song, B-Y,Park, Y-J,Ahn, H M,Yun, C-O,Kang, C-Y Macmillan Publishers Limited 2014 Gene therapy Vol.21 No.1

For successful clinical tumor immunotherapy outcomes, strong immune responses against tumor antigens must be generated. Cell-based vaccines compromise one strategy with which to induce appropriate strong immune responses. Previously, we established a natural killer T-cell (NKT) ligand-loaded, adenoviral vector-transduced B-cell-based anticancer cellular vaccine. To enhance tumor antigen delivery to B cells, we established a modified adenoviral vector (Ad-k35) that encoded a truncated form of the breast cancer antigen Her2/neu (Ad-k35HM) in which fiber structure was substituted with adenovirus serotype 35. We observed increased tumor antigen expression with Ad-k35HM in both human and murine B cells. In addition, an Ad-k35HM-transduced B-cell vaccine elicited strong antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses that were further enhanced with the additional loading of soluble NKT ligand KBC009. An Ad-k35HM-transduced, KBC009-loaded B-cell vaccine efficiently suppressed the in vivo growth of established tumors in a mouse model. Moreover, the vaccine elicited human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 epitope-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses in B6.Cg (CB)-Tg (HLA-A/H2-D) 2Enge/Jat mice. These findings indicated that the Ad-k35 could be appropriate for the preclinical and clinical development of B-cell-based anticancer immunotherapies.

Efficacy of HVT-IBD vector vaccine compared to attenuated live vaccine using in-ovo vaccination against a Korean very virulent IBDV in commercial broiler chickens

Roh, J.-H.,Kang, M.,Wei, B.,Yoon, R.-H.,Seo, H.-S.,Bahng, J.-Y.,Kwon, J.-T.,Cha, S.-Y.,Jang, H.-K. Elsevier 2016 Poultry science Vol.95 No.5

<P>The production performance, efficacy, and safety of two types of vaccines for infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were compared with in-ovo vaccination of Cobb 500 broiler chickens for gross and microscopic examination of the bursa of Fabricius, bursa/body weight (b/B) ratio, flow cytometry, and serologic response to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccination. One vaccine was a recombinant HVT-IBD vector vaccine (HVT as for herpesvirus of turkeys) and the other was an intermediate plus live IBDV vaccine. A significant difference was detected at 21 d. Eight of 10 chickens that received the IBDV live vaccine had severe bursal lesions and a relatively low b/B ratio of 0.95, and an inhibited NDV vaccine response. On the other hand, the HVT-IBD vector vaccine resulted in mild bursal lesions and a b/B ratio of 1.89. Therefore, the live vaccine had lower safety than that of the HVT-IBD vector vaccine. To determine the protective efficacy, chickens were intraocularly challenged at 24 d. Eight of 10 chickens in the IBDV live vaccination group showed gross and histological lesions characterized by hemorrhage, cyst formation, lymphocytic depletion, and a decreased b/B ratio. In contrast, the HVT-IBD vector vaccinated chickens showed mild gross and histological lesions in three of 10 chickens with a b/B ratio of 1.36, which was similar to that of the unchallenged controls. Vaccinated chickens showed a significant increase in IBDV antibody titers, regardless of the type of vaccine used. In addition, significantly better broiler flock performance was observed with the HVT-IBD vector vaccine compared to that of the live vaccine. Our results revealed that the HVT-IBD vector vaccine could be used as an alternative vaccine to increase efficacy, and to have an improved safety profile compared with the IBDV live vaccine using in-ovo vaccination against the Korean very virulent IBDV in commercial broiler chickens.</P>

The Zβ domain of human DAI binds to Z-DNA via a novel B-Z transition pathway

Kim, H.E.,Ahn, H.C.,Lee, Y.M.,Lee, E.H.,Seo, Y.J.,Kim, Y.G.,Kim, K.K.,Choi, B.S.,Lee, J.H. North-Holland Pub ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2011 FEBS letters Vol.585 No.5

The human DNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factor (DAI) protein, which activates the innate immune response in response to DNA, contains two tandem Z-DNA binding domains (Zα and Zβ) at the NH<SUB>2</SUB> terminus. The hZβ<SUB>DAI</SUB> structure is similar to other Z-DNA binding proteins, although it demonstrates an unusual Z-DNA recognition. We performed NMR experiments on complexes of hZβ<SUB>DAI</SUB> with DNA duplex, d(CGCGCG)<SUB>2</SUB>, at a variety of protein-to-DNA molar ratios. The results suggest that hZβ<SUB>DAI</SUB> binds to Z-DNA via an active-di B-Z transition mechanism, where two hZβ<SUB>DAI</SUB> proteins bind to B-DNA to form the hZβ<SUB>DAI</SUB>-B-DNA complex; the B-DNA is subsequently converted to left-handed Z-DNA. This novel mechanism of DNA binding and B-Z conversion is distinct from Z-DNA binding of the human ADAR1 protein.

노인의 약물 지식 정도와 약물 사용실태 및 약물 오·남용 행위

구예나,김민경,김진윤,배윤,서민혜,정은혜,지수현,차미나,Choi, Jenny 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2013 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.47

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for use in the upgrade of healthcare for the elderly and to provide guidance toward educating the elderly in the proper use of medications by determining the level of drug knowledge, current use, and adherence by the elderly. Method: The participants of this study were selected using the convenient sampling method. Participants of this study comprised of 160 elderly who were aged 65 or older, who were participants to the elderly municipal welfare center in Seoul. The instrument used for this study was a structured questionnaire (Han,2011). Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS20.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Result: The mean score for drug knowledge was 7.6±2.9 and drug misuse was 4.7±2.8. There were significant differences about drug knowledge according to the following: level of education (F=8.053 p=.000), and spouse (t=2.14 p=.034). There were significant differences between drug misuse and monthly income (F=2.167 p=.040). There was no statistically significant relationship between drug knowledge and drug misuse (r=-.087, p=.271). Conclusion: A replication study based on broader region and in-depth research is needed. The development of the customized education protocol considering various levels of education, income, spouse and physical condition are needed. Further research is suggested to find out the status of medication education for the elderly by nurses.

중년 남성의 폐경 지식, 폐경 태도가 배우자 지지에 미치는 영향

김보영,김예진,김일하,김현아,박희진,서민유,안별,양채미,장진영,조은희 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2014 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.48

Purpose: The purpose was to investigate the relationship between middle-aged men’s menopausal knowledge, menopausal attitude and their support for spouses with menopause. Methods: A correlational descriptive design was used. A convenience sampling was used. The participants were middle-aged men living in Korea(n=150). The instruments of the Knowledge of Menopause Scale, the Attitude of Menopause Measurement and the Spouse Support Scale were used. Result: Multiple regression analysis was performed. The middle-aged men’s menopausal knowledge have positive relationship with their attitude and support for their spouses with menopause. Also, the middle-aged men’s menopausal attitude have positive relationship with support for their spouses with menopause. Conclusion: The study concluded that the higher middle-aged men’s menopausal knowledge and the more positive middle-aged men’s menopausal attitude lead to the more their support on spouses with menopause. Therefore middle-aged men’s spouse support is necessary to improve quality of middle-aged woman’s life with menopause and their mental health, and further studies are also required to confirm.

혈청 단백 분획치의 참고치 조사(서울 의과학 연구소 서울 임상검사 센타)

유영식 ( Y S Yu ),이병욱 ( B O Lee ),송남석 ( N S Song ),성상철 ( S C Seong ),이경옥 ( K O Lee ),서덕규 ( D K Seo ),이규범 ( K B Lee ) 대한임상검사과학회 1991 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.23 No.1

A study was performed to compare an agarose gel electrophoresis for the protein fraction with the other reported reference values. It was carried out to determine the reference values of adults in Seoul area, from Oct. 1st 1991 through Oct. 20th 1991. 143 male and 87 female venous blood sampl- es were collected from SCL personnel and collected analized by the agarose gel electrophoresis at the Seoul Clinical Laboratory of Seoul Medical Science Institute. The results are shown on Table 2 and 3. Our results show that albumin was 2. 4% lower and .,-globulin was 4. 5% higher compared with the Corning report in the U.S. A., whereas our results were virtually equal to previously reported results of rural population in Korea. The increase- d y-globulin albeit small, may indicate more prevalent chronic infection among Korea populati on.

NMR study of hydrogen exchange during the B-Z transition of a DNA duplex induced by the Zα domains of yatapoxvirus E3L

Lee, E.H.,Seo, Y.J.,Ahn, H.C.,Kang, Y.M.,Kim, H.E.,Lee, Y.M.,Choi, B.S.,Lee, J.H. North-Holland Pub ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2010 FEBS letters Vol.584 No.21

The Yaba-like disease viruses (YLDV) are members of the Yatapoxvirus family and have double-stranded DNA genomes. The E3L protein, which is essential for pathogenesis in the vaccinia virus, consists of two domains: an N-terminal Z-DNA binding domain and a C-terminal RNA binding domain. The crystal structure of the E3L orthologue of YLDV (yabZα<SUB>E3L</SUB>) bound to Z-DNA revealed that the overall structure of yabZα<SUB>E3L</SUB> and its interaction with Z-DNA are very similar to those of hZα<SUB>ADAR1</SUB>. Here we have performed NMR hydrogen exchange experiments on the complexes between yabZα<SUB>E3L</SUB> and d(CGCGCG)<SUB>2</SUB> with a variety of protein-to-DNA molar ratios. This study revealed that yabZα<SUB>E3L</SUB> could efficiently change the B-form helix of the d(CGCGCG)<SUB>2</SUB> to left-handed Z-DNA via the active-mono B-Z transition pathway like hZα<SUB>ADAR1</SUB>1.