Prediction Model for Gastric Cancer via Class Balancing Techniques

Danish, Jamil,Sellappan, Palaniappan,Sanjoy Kumar, Debnath,Muhammad, Naseem,Susama, Bagchi,Asiah, Lokman International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.1

Many researchers are trying hard to minimize the incidence of cancers, mainly Gastric Cancer (GC). For GC, the five-year survival rate is generally 5-25%, but for Early Gastric Cancer (EGC), it is almost 90%. Predicting the onset of stomach cancer based on risk factors will allow for an early diagnosis and more effective treatment. Although there are several models for predicting stomach cancer, most of these models are based on unbalanced datasets, which favours the majority class. However, it is imperative to correctly identify cancer patients who are in the minority class. This research aims to apply three class-balancing approaches to the NHS dataset before developing supervised learning strategies: Oversampling (Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique or SMOTE), Undersampling (SpreadSubsample), and Hybrid System (SMOTE + SpreadSubsample). This study uses Naive Bayes, Bayesian Network, Random Forest, and Decision Tree (C4.5) methods. We measured these classifiers' efficacy using their Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves, sensitivity, and specificity. The validation data was used to test several ways of balancing the classifiers. The final prediction model was built on the one that did the best overall.

Assessment of Genotoxic potential of Annonacin and Annona muricata L. extracts on human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells

Naik Aditi Venkatesh,Sellappan Krishnan 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2021 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.21 No.4

The use of plants as a source of palliative or treatment for cancer is quite widespread worldwide. Annona muricata L. (Graviola) exhibits a wide array of ethno-medicinal and curative properties, accredited to different plant organs. The bio-activity of this plant is characterized by the production of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, phenols and most importantly annonaceous acetogenins found uniquely in this plant group. While A. muricata is gaining recognition as anti-cancer treating plant, the present study was undertaken to affirm probable genotoxic effect of pulp and leaf hydro-methanolic extracts in comparison with potent acetogenin, Annonacin on DNA of breast cancer (MCF-7) cells using alkaline comet assay. Genotoxic effects were evaluated using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) method and the tail parameters from pooled comets were scored using TriTek CometScore Pro ver. 1.01.44 software. The average tail length (TL), percentage of tail DNA (TD), tail moment (TM) and Olive tail moment (OTM) were calculated which indicates the extent of DNA damage in cells followed by Statistical analysis. Study revealed the highest DNA damage toward MCF-7 cells in the form of comet streak or tails in 0.01 mg/mL Annonacin treatment. While the leaf extracts of A. muricata showed significantly higher tail parameters than the pulp extract in relation to untreated control. Our findings indicated that among the two extracts from A. muricata tested, the leaf exhibited better genotoxic potential compared to pulp extract, however, the plant extracts showed lesser efficacy in comparison with standard annonacin compound. Thus, this study further calls for more methodical safety evaluation and other end-points of genotoxicity apart from DNA damage.

Anatomic reconstruction for acromioclavicular joint injuries: a pilot study of a cost-effective new technique

Radhakrishnan Pattu,Girinivasan Chellamuthu,Kumar Sellappan,Chendrayan Kamalanathan 대한견주관절의학회 2021 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Background: The treatment for acromioclavicular joint injuries (ACJI) ranges from a conservative approach to extensive surgical reconstruction, and the decision on how to manage these injuries depends on the grade of acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation, resources, and skill availability. After a thorough review of the literature, the researchers adopted a simple cost-effective technique of AC joint reconstruction for acute ACJI requiring surgery. Methods: This was a prospective single-center study conducted between April 2017 and April 2018. For patients with acute ACJI more than Rockwood grade 3, the researchers performed open coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction using synthetic sutures along with an Endobutton and a figure of 8 button plate. This was followed by AC ligament repair augmenting it with temporary percutaneous AC K-wires. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Constant Murley shoulder score. Results: Seventeen patients underwent surgery. The immediate postoperative radiograph showed an anatomical reduction of the AC joint dislocation in all patients. During follow-up, one patient developed subluxation but was asymptomatic. The mean follow-up period was 30 months (range, 24–35 months). The mean Constant score at 24 months was 95. No AC joint degeneration was noted in follow-up X-rays. The follow-up X-rays showed significant infra-clavicular calcification in 11 of the 17 patients, which was an evidence of a healed coracoclavicular ligament post-surgery. Conclusions: This study presents a simple cost-effective technique with a short learning curve for anatomic reconstruction of acute ACJI. The preliminary results have been very encouraging.

Hepatoprotective activity of terpenoids and terpenoid fractions of Scoparia dulcis L

Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy,Jitendra Bajaj,Abhishek Sharma,Sellappan Manimaran,Prashantha Kumar Bommenahalli Ravanappa,Vijayan Pottekad 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2010 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.10 No.4

Scoparia dulcis L. is widely used in the traditional system of medicine for treating liver ailments. In the present study the terpenoids and terpenoid fractions isolated from 1:1:1 petroleum ether,diethyl ether and methanol (PDM) extract of Scoparia dulcis L. were tested for their in vitro 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Selected samples from the assay were further tested for their in vitro hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. In the in vitro antioxidant study, fractions 7, 11, 13, 14, and 15and PDM extract show the DPPH radical scavenging activity. The phytochemical screening of all these fractions show the presence of terpenoids. In the in vitro hepatoprotective study all these fractions and the PDM extract significantly prevent the CCl4 induced changes in the aspartate aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase levels (p < 0.05). The above results are comparable with the standard, silymarin. The results of the study indicate that, the PDM extract of Scoparia dulcis L. possesses potential hepatoprotective activity and this may be attributed to its free radical scavenging potential, which in turn may be attributed to the presence of terpenoids.

Total elbow arthroplasty for active primary tuberculosis of the elbow: a curious case of misdiagnosis

Radhakrishnan Pattu,Girinivasan Chellamuthu,Kumar Sellappan,Kamalanathan Chendrayan 대한견주관절학회 2022 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.25 No.2

The incidence of musculoskeletal tuberculosis (TB) is on the rise due to the current Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) pandemic. Spine is the most common osseous site, followed by other joints. TB identified in the elbow accounts for 2%–5% of skeletal TB cases, which are secondary to pulmonary TB. Primary elbow TB is rare. We report a case of primary TB of the elbow which had a negative synovial biopsy. A 46-year-old right-hand dominant female patient with chronic pain and disability of the right elbow was diagnosed with chronic non-specific arthritis based on an arthroscopic synovial biopsy. The case was diagnosed retrospectively as active TB from bone cuts post total elbow arthroplasty. Anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) was given postoperatively for 12 months. The patient reported good functional outcomes at 3 years of follow-up. Such atypical presentations of osteoarticular TB are challenging to diagnose. Therefore, particularly in endemic areas, clinicians should be careful before excluding such a diagnosis even after a negative biopsy. Further research should investigate whether active TB of small joints such as the elbow can be treated with ATT, and early arthroplasty should be a focus of this research.

Hepatoprotective activity of terpenoids and terpenoid fractions of Scoparia dulcis L

Krishnamurthy, Praveen Thaggikuppe,Bajaj, Jitendra,Sharma, Abhishek,Manimaran, Sellappan,Ravanappa, Prashantha Kumar Bommenahalli,Pottekad, Vijayan Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2010 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.10 No.4

Scoparia dulcis L. is widely used in the traditional system of medicine for treating liver ailments. In the present study the terpenoids and terpenoid fractions isolated from 1:1:1 petroleum ether, diethyl ether and methanol (PDM) extract of Scoparia dulcis L. were tested for their in vitro 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Selected samples from the assay were further tested for their in vitro hepatoprotective activity against $CCl_4$ induced hepatotoxicity in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. In the in vitro antioxidant study, fractions 7, 11, 13, 14, and 15 and PDM extract show the DPPH radical scavenging activity. The phytochemical screening of all these fractions show the presence of terpenoids. In the in vitro hepatoprotective study all these fractions and the PDM extract significantly prevent the $CCl_4$ induced changes in the aspartate aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase levels (p < 0.05). The above results are comparable with the standard, silymarin. The results of the study indicate that, the PDM extract of Scoparia dulcis L. possesses potential hepatoprotective activity and this may be attributed to its free radical scavenging potential, which in turn may be attributed to the presence of terpenoids.