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Kim, Ho Bang,Schaller, Hubert,Goh, Chang-Hyo,Kwon, Mi,Choe, Sunghwa,An, Chung Sun,Durst, Francis,Feldmann, Kenneth A,Feyereisen, Ren? American Society of Plant Physiologists 2005 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY - Vol.138 No.4
<P>CYP51 exists in all organisms that synthesize sterols de novo. Plant CYP51 encodes an obtusifoliol 14alpha-demethylase involved in the postsqualene sterol biosynthetic pathway. According to the current gene annotation, the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome contains two putative CYP51 genes, CYP51A1 and CYP51A2. Our studies revealed that CYP51A1 should be considered an expressed pseudogene. To study the functional importance of the CYP51A2 gene in plant growth and development, we isolated T-DNA knockout alleles for CYP51A2. Loss-of-function mutants for CYP51A2 showed multiple defects, such as stunted hypocotyls, short roots, reduced cell elongation, and seedling lethality. In contrast to other sterol mutants, such as fk/hydra2 and hydra1, the cyp51A2 mutant has only minor defects in early embryogenesis. Measurements of endogenous sterol levels in the cyp51A2 mutant revealed that it accumulates obtusifoliol, the substrate of CYP51, and a high proportion of 14alpha-methyl-delta8-sterols, at the expense of campesterol and sitosterol. The cyp51A2 mutants have defects in membrane integrity and hypocotyl elongation. The defect in hypocotyl elongation was not rescued by the exogenous application of brassinolide, although the brassinosteroid-signaling cascade is apparently not affected in the mutants. Developmental defects in the cyp51A2 mutant were completely rescued by the ectopic expression of CYP51A2. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the Arabidopsis CYP51A2 gene encodes a functional obtusifoliol 14alpha-demethylase enzyme and plays an essential role in controlling plant growth and development by a sterol-specific pathway.</P>
Andreas Probst,Alanna Ebigbo,Stefan Eser,Carola Fleischmann,Tina Schaller,Bruno Märkl,Stefan Schiele,Bernd Geissler,Gernot Müller,Helmut Messmann 대한소화기내시경학회 2023 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.56 No.1
Background/Aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been established as a treatment modality for superficial esophagealsquamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Long-term follow-up data are lacking in Western countries. The aim of this study was to analyzelong-term survival in a Western center. Methods: Patients undergoing ESD for ESCC were included. The analysis was performed retrospectively using a prospectively collecteddatabase. Results: R0 resection rate was 96.7% (59/61 lesions in 58 patients). Twenty-seven patients (46.6%) fulfilled the curative resection criteria(M1/M2) (group A), 11 patients (19.0%) had M3 lesions without lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (group B), and 20 patients (34.5%)had lesions with submucosal invasion or LVI (group C). Additional treatment was recommended after non-curative resection. It wasnot performed in 20/31 patients (64.5%), mainly because of comorbidities (75%). Twenty-nine out of 58 (50.0%) patients died during amean follow-up of 3.7 years. Death was related to ESCC in 17.2% (5/29) of patients. The disease-specific survival rate after curative resectionwas 100%. Overall survival rates after 5 years were 61.5%, 63.6% and 28.1% for groups A, B, and C, respectively. The overallsurvival was significantly worse after non-curative resection (p=0.038). Conclusions: Non-curative resection is frequent after ESD for ESCC in Western patients. The long-term prognosis is limited andmainly determined by comorbidity. Early diagnosis and pre-interventional assessments need to be improved.
Nikkhah, Maryam,Naderi-Manesh, Hossein,Taghdir, Majid,Talebzadeh, Mehdi,Sadeghi-Zadeh, Majid,Schaller, Janatan,Sarbolouki, Mohamad N. Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2006 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.39 No.3
In this study, the cDNA of a new peptide from the venom of the scorpion, Buthotus saulcyi, was cloned and sequenced. It codes for a 64 residues peptide (Bsaul1) which shares high sequence similarity with depressant insect toxins of scorpions. The differences between them mainly appear in the loop1 which connects the $\beta$-strand1 to the $\alpha$-helix and seems to be functionally important in long chain scorpion neurotoxins. This loop is three amino acids longer in Bsaul1 compared to other depressant toxins. A comparative amino acid sequence analysis done on Bsaul1 and some of $\alpha$-, $\beta$-, excitatory and depressant toxins of scorpions showed that Bsaul1 contains all the residues which are highly conserved among long chain scorpion neurotoxins. Structural model of Bsaul1 was generated using Ts1 (a $\beta$-toxin that competes with the depressant insect toxins for binding to $Na^+$ channels) as template. According to the molecular model of Bsaul1, the folding of the polypeptide chain is being composed of an anti-parallel three-stranded $\beta$-sheet and a stretch of $\alpha$-helix, tightly bound by a set of four disulfide bridges. A striking similarity in the spatial arrangement of some critical residues was shown by superposition of the backbone conformation of Bsaul1 and Ts1.
Temperature and Magnetic-Field Dependence of Radiative Decay in Colloidal Germanium Quantum Dots
Robel, Istvá,n,Shabaev, Andrew,Lee, Doh C.,Schaller, Richard D.,Pietryga, Jeffrey M.,Crooker, Scott A.,L. Efros, Alexander,Klimov, Victor I. American Chemical Society 2015 Nano letters Vol.15 No.4
<P>We conduct spectroscopic and theoretical studies of photoluminescence (PL) from Ge quantum dots (QDs) fabricated via colloidal synthesis. The dynamics of late-time PL exhibit a pronounced dependence on temperature and applied magnetic field, which can be explained by radiative decay involving two closely spaced, slowly emitting exciton states. In 3.5 nm QDs, these states are separated by ∼1 meV and are characterized by ∼82 μs and ∼18 μs lifetimes. By using a four-band formalism, we calculate the fine structure of the indirect band-edge exciton arising from the electron–hole exchange interaction and the Coulomb interaction of the Γ-point hole with the anisotropic charge density of the <I>L</I>-point electron. The calculations suggest that the observed PL dynamics can be explained by phonon-assisted recombination of excitons thermally distributed between the lower-energy “dark” state with the momentum projection <I>J</I> = ± 2 and a higher energy “bright” state with <I>J</I> = ± 1. A fairly small difference between lifetimes of these states is due to their mixing induced by the exchange term unique to crystals with a highly symmetric cubic lattice such as Ge.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2015/nalefd.2015.15.issue-4/acs.nanolett.5b00344/production/images/medium/nl-2015-003445_0005.gif'></P>
Martin Nikolaus Stienen,Nicolai Maldaner,Marketa Sosnova,Holger Joswig,Marco Vincenzo Corniola,Luca Regli,Gerhard Hildebrandt,Karl Schaller,Oliver Pascal Gautschi 대한척추신경외과학회 2020 Neurospine Vol.17 No.1
Objective: The patient-reported outcome measure (PROM)-based evaluation in lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD) is today’s gold standard but has limitations. We studied the impact of lower extremity motor deficits (LEMDs) on PROMs and a new objective outcome measure. Methods: We evaluated patients with lumbar DDD from a prospective 2-center database. LEMDs were graded according to the British Medical Research Council (BMRC; 5 [normal] –0 [no movement]). The PROM-based evaluation included pain (visual analogue scale), disability (Oswestry Disability Index [ODI] & Roland-Morris Disability Index [RMDI]), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL; Short-Form 12 physical component summary/mental component summary & EuroQol-5D index). Objective functional impairment (OFI) was determined as age- and sex-adjusted Timed-Up and Go (TUG) test value. Results: One hundred five of 375 patients (28.0%) had a LEMD. Patients with LEMD had slightly higher disability (ODI: 52.8 vs. 48.2, p=0.025; RMDI: 12.6 vs. 11.3, p=0.034) but similar pain and HRQoL scores. OFI T-scores were significantly higher in patients with LEMD (144.2 vs. 124.3, p=0.006). When comparing patients with high- (BMRC 0–2) vs. low-grade LEMD (BMRC 3–4), no difference was evident for the PROM-based evaluation (all p>0.05) but patients with high-grade LEMD had markedly higher OFI T-scores (280.9 vs. 136.0, p=0.001). Patients with LEMD had longer TUG test times and OFI T-scores than matched controls without LEMDs. Conclusion: Our data suggest that PROMs fail to sufficiently account for LEMD-associated disability, which is common and oftentimes bothersome to patients. The objective functional evaluation with the TUG test appears to be more sensitive to LEMD-associated disability. An objective functional evaluation of patients with LEMD appears reasonable.