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Effects and Mechanisms of Taurine as a Therapeutic Agent
Schaffer, Stephen,Kim, Ha Won The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2018 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.26 No.3
Taurine is an abundant, ${\beta}-amino$ acid with diverse cytoprotective activity. In some species, taurine is an essential nutrient but in man it is considered a semi-essential nutrient, although cells lacking taurine show major pathology. These findings have spurred interest in the potential use of taurine as a therapeutic agent. The discovery that taurine is an effective therapy against congestive heart failure led to the study of taurine as a therapeutic agent against other disease conditions. Today, taurine has been approved for the treatment of congestive heart failure in Japan and shows promise in the treatment of several other diseases. The present review summarizes studies supporting a role of taurine in the treatment of diseases of muscle, the central nervous system, and the cardiovascular system. In addition, taurine is extremely effective in the treatment of the mitochondrial disease, mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), and offers a new approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, and inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis. The review also addresses the functions of taurine (regulation of antioxidation, energy metabolism, gene expression, ER stress, neuromodulation, quality control and calcium homeostasis) underlying these therapeutic actions.
Schaffer, Ann C. 한국과학기술정보연구원 과학기술정보센터 1995 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.26 No.2
New technologies will soon bring fundamental changes to the process of scientific communication. To understand the path that these changes may take in the future, we need to take a careful look at the past. By examining the history of scientific communication, we can see how new technologies can interact with changes in communication forms. By looking at the complex roles that journals have traditionally played, we can better understand how and when journals may incorporate these new technologies. From these models we can project that electronic journals must meet the basic needs that print journals do, that they will initially maintain many of the features of traditional print journals, that their transformation may be driven by external forces, and that they will be slow in reaching their full potential. 새로운 기술로 말미암아 과학 커뮤니케이션(scientific communication) 과정에 근본적인 변화가 곧 도래할 것이다. 향후 이러한 변화자정을 이해하기 위해 과거를 주의깊게 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 과학 커뮤니케이션의 역사를 고찰함으로써 새로운 기술이 커뮤니케이션 형태에 어떤 변화를 일으킬지 파악할 수 있다. 그리고 잡지가 전통적으로 수행해 온 다양한 기능을 살펴봄으로써 잡지가 이러한 신기술을 어떻게 이용할 수 있는지, 그리고 언제 그 시기가 올지에 관해 더 잘 알 수 있다. 이러한 모델들을 통하여, 전자잡지는 책자형 잡지가 제공했던 기본적 요구를 충족시켜야 하고, 기존의 책자형 잡지가 지니는 특징들을 많이 지녀야 하며, 외적인 힘에 의해 책자형 잡지에서 전자잡지로 변형될 것임은 물론, 전자잡지가 지니는 모든 잠재력을 점차적으로 발휘할 것임을 예상할 수 있다.
Schaffer, Clara,Hart, Andrew,Watfa, William,Raffoul, Wassim,Summa, Pietro Giovanni di Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2019 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.46 No.6
Post-traumatic defects of the distal third of the leg often require skipping a few steps of the well-established reconstructive ladder, due to the limited local reliable reconstructive options. In rare cases, the reconstructive plan and flap choice may encounter challenges when the patient has psychiatric illness affecting compliance with postoperative care. We describe a case of a patient with severe intellectual disability and an open fracture of the distal lower limb. After fracture management and debridement of devitalized tissues, the resultant soft tissue defect was covered with a free gracilis flap. On postoperative day 7, the patient ripped out the newly transplanted flap. The flap was too traumatized for salvage, so a contralateral free gracilis muscle flap was used. The patient showed good aesthetic and functional outcomes at a 1-year follow-up. When planning the postoperative management of patients with psychiatric illness, less complex and more robust procedures may be preferred over a long and complex surgical reconstruction requiring good compliance with postoperative care. The medical team should be aware of the risk of postoperative collapse, focus on the prevention of pain, and be wary of drug interactions. Whenever necessary, free tissue transfer should be performed despite potential compliance issues.
Bullying in Higher Education in Taiwan: The Taiwan Higher Education Faculty Survey (THEFS)
Schafferer, Christian,Szanajda, Andrew World Association for Triple Helix and Future Stra 2013 Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia Vol.12 No.1
Over the past several decades, educational systems in many parts of the world have undergone manifold changes that have significantly affected the work environment of educators. Among other negative impacts of the globalized reforms in higher education has been the increasing prevalence of workplace bullying. The purpose of this research note is to serve different purposes: (1) examine the causes behind the changing landscape of higher education; (2) discuss previous and current research on workplace bullying; (3) introduce the methodology of the Taiwan Higher Education Faculty Survey (THEFS); (4) outline its anticipated outcome.
Consolidation of democracy and historical legacies: a case study of Taiwan
Schafferer, Christian World Association for Triple Helix and Future Stra 2010 Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia Vol.9 No.1
In political science there is broad interest in whether a newly established democracy succeeds in overcoming the perils of democratisation and matures into a consolidated democracy or regresses to authoritarianism. Taiwan was under martial law for almost four decades. Democratic consolidation, therefore, is primarily a question of how to overcome the legacies of the former authoritarian regime. Nationalism and dysfunctional political institutions are some of the legacies that limit Taiwan's democratic development. The study of these destructive elements is important in the attempt to interpret Taiwan's most recent political history and to formulate effective democracy-building policies. In the following, I would like to address the aforementioned legacies and their implications for Taiwan's current and future democratic development.
Content Analysis of Newspaper and Television Advertisements
Schafferer Christian(夏福樂),Park Han-Woo(朴漢雨) 동아인문학회 2008 동아인문학 Vol.14 No.-
이 논문은 2004년도 타이완 대통령 선거기간 동안 (2004년 2월 21일-3월 14일) 신문, 지상파, 케이블에 게재된 정치 광고를 분석한다. 120개 신문광고와 44개의 TV광고에 대하여 4개 항목을 이용하여 내용분석을 실시하였다. 4개 항목은 상대후보 공격, 반박 비평, 이미지 창조, 유권자 호소로 구성되어 있다. 연구결과, 부정적 광고의 빈도는 과거 선거와 비교해서 많지 않았다. 신문 및 TV 광고의 약 35퍼센트가 상대 후보에 대해서 부정적 메시지를 포함하고 있었다. 하지만 캠페인이 진행되면서 광고에 사용된 어조와 언어는 격렬해졌다. 마지막으로 타이완에서 정치 광고는 전통적인 캠페인 방식인 야외 집회를 아직 완전히 대체하지 못한 것으로 드러났다.