http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Near-infrared Laser Energy Transmission through Teeth with Crack Lines: An In-vitro Study
Ashita Sapra,Arun Darbar,Roy George 대한의학레이저학회 2021 MEDICAL LASERS Vol.10 No.4
Background and ObjectivesTo evaluate the difference in near-infrared (810 nm) laser energy transmission through teeth with and without cracks.Materials and MethodsExtracted teeth were sectioned and examined visually for the presence of cracks with the aid of photographs and a trans-illuminator. Fourteen sections, each with cracks (Group A) and no cracks (Group B) were identified and placed 15 mm from the tip of a 300 micron fiber, prior to activation with an 810 nm diode laser (0.1W, 50 ms interval,100 ms duration). A power meter positioned behind the tooth recorded the average energy that was transmitted through the samples. Unpaired t-test analysis was used to determine if the tooth sections with cracks allowed higher power passage compared to sound teeth. ResultsThe mean power recording for the cracked teeth (Group A) was significantly greater (p = 0.0005) than that for the non-cracked teeth (Group B). ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, it is evident that significantly higher laser energy passes through teeth with cracks in comparison to teeth without cracks. A recent clinical study has also shown that lasers could be used to assess symptomatic cracked teeth. Hence, further research is required to determine the relative increase in energy required to identify symptomatic cracked teeth.
Voltage Based Energy Efficient Mobile Charge Sensor Design Using LVCMOS
Arpit Gupta,Aarushi Sapra 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.10 No.2
In this paper an approach is made to design the voltage based energy efficient mobile charge sensor design and for that reason we have used LVCMOS IO standards. Power dissipation is the major factor that has been analyzed and focused .Voltage sensor is operating at different frequencies and at fix temperature that is 25 degree Celsius. Frequencies of different mobile phones have been evaluated. Frequencies taken in consideration are 1400MHz for Nokia Lumia710, 1.2 GHz for Samsung Galaxy core, 2100 MHz for iphone6, 1700 MHz for HTC/T, 1800 MHz for micromax X091 and 2.2GHz for Song Xperia Z1. This research work, is basically done to check the charging status of a mobile phone. The coding is done in Verilog on 28nm FPGA that is Kintex-7. Kintex7 is 28-nm FPGA on which we implement our circuit to re-assure power reduction and reduction in junction temperature in sequential circuit.There is 4-19% reduction in power dissipation with LVCMOS33, 3-15% reduction in power dissipation with LVCMOS25, 2-13% reduction in power dissipation with LVCMOS18, 2-12% reduction in power dissipation with LVCMOS15, 1-5% reduction in power dissipation with BLVDS25 at 25 degree Celsius when we use 28nm FPGA. The performance of our sensor is evaluated and tested through simulations on Xilinx software development kit. . The quality of our sensor can be improved by changing IO standards.
Energy Efficient Traffic Light Controller Design on 28nm FGPA
Arpit Gupta,Aarushi Sapra,Alisha Nagpal,Sanchit Sharma 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.9 No.10
In this work, our focus is on study and analysis of power and junction temperature at different temperatures and at different capacitance values. Kintex7 is 28-nm FPGA on which we implement our circuit to re-assure power reduction and reduction in junction temperature in sequential circuit. Varying the values of capacitance and temperature enhance the efficiency of the Energy Efficient Traffic Light Controller design. This paper basically deals with FSM (Finite State Machine) and is implemented on FPGA. FGPA is preferred because of its high speed and is inexpensive. Traffic lights are beneficial in managing the traffic, reducing accidents rate, relaxing traffic cop’s job, minimizing fuel consumption and emission and save time. The performance of our energy efficient traffic lights is evaluated and tested through simulations on Xilinx software development kit. For 2.4GHz operating frequency, there is 47.71% reduction in total power dissipation, 69.94% reduction in IOs power dissipation, and 0.78% reduction in junction temperature when we use 28nm FPGA and temperature is 25 degree Celsius and capacitance is scaled down from 100pF to 20pF. For 10GHz operating frequency, there is 54.81% reduction in total power dissipation, 70.11% reduction in IOs power dissipation, 3.52% reduction in leakage power dissipation and 1.92% reduction in junction temperature when we use 28nm FPGA and temperature is 50 degree Celsius and capacitance is scaled down from 100pF to 20pF.