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Sang-Ho Jeon,Sunhwa Park,Da-Hee Song,Jong-yeon Hwang,Moon-su Kim,Hun-Je Jo,Deok-hyun Kim,Gyeong-Mi Lee,Ki-In Kim,Hye-Jin Kim,Tae-Seung Kim,Hyen-Mi Chung,Hyun-Koo Kim 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5
To establish new metal groundwater standard, 5 metals such as aluminum, chromium, iron, manganese, and selenium were evaluated by Chemical Ranking Of groundWater pollutaNts (CROWN) including possibility of exposure, toxicity, interest factor, connection standard for other media, and data reliability. 430 groundwater samples in 2013 and 2014 were collected semiannually from 110 groundwater wells and they were analyzed for selenium, manganese, iron, chromium, and aluminum. For this study, 430 groundwater samples were categorized into 3 geological distribution features, such as igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rock region and geological background levels were divided by pre-selection methods. For the results, the average concentrations of aluminum, chromium, iron, manganese, and selenium in 430 groundwater samples were 0.0008 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.0001 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.174 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.083 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, and 0.0004 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP><SUP></SUP>, respectively. In addition, among various geologies, average concentration of selenium was the highest in igneous rock region, average concentrations of chromium, manganese and aluminum were the greatest in sedimentary rock region, and average concentration of iron was the most high in metamorphic rock region. As a result of the geological background concentration with pre-selection method, background concentrations of selenium and aluminum in groundwater samples were the highest from sedimentary rock as 0.0010 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> and 0.0029 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> and background concentrations of manganese and iron in groundwater samples were the greatest from metamorphic rock as 0.460 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> and 1.574 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, and no chromium background concentration in groundwater samples was found from all geology.
Sung-Kyu Kwon,Hyuk-Min Kwon,Ho-Young Kwak,Jae-Hyung Jang,Jong-Kwan Shin,Seon-Man Hwang,Seung-Yong Sung,Ga-Won Lee,Song-Jae Lee,In-Shik Han,Yi-Sun Chung,Jung-Hwan Lee,Hi-Deok Lee 대한전자공학회 2013 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.13 No.6
In this paper, the 1/f noise characteristics of n-channel MOSFET (NMOSFET) and p-channel MOSFET (PMOSFET) are analyzed in depth as a function of body bias. The normalized drain current noise, SID/ID <SUP>2</SUP> showed strong dependence on the body bias in the sub-threshold region for both NMOSFET and PMOSFET, and NMOSFET showed stronger dependence than PMOSFET on the body bias. On the contrary, both of NMOSFET and PMOSFET do not exhibit the dependence of SID/ID <SUP>2</SUP> on body bias in strong inversion region, although the noise mechanisms of two MOSFETs are different from each other.
Chung Un Lee,Minyong Kang,Hyun Hwan Sung,Hwang Gyun Jeon,Deok Hyun Han,Byung Chang Jeong,Seong Soo Jeon,Hyun Moo Lee,Han Yong Choi,Seong Il Seo 대한비뇨기종양학회 2017 대한비뇨기종양학회지 Vol.15 No.3
Purpose: To compare the 5-year oncologic and functional outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RALPN) and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) as treatment for localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and Methods: We analyzed the records of 181 patients with localized RCC who underwent RALPN (n=97) or LPN (n=84) between 2007 and 2011. Demographic and preoperative data with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), intraoperative data including warm ischemic time (WIT) and complications, oncologic outcomes (recurrence, metastasis), and rate of eGFR preservation at most recent follow-up were examined. Results: WIT was shorter in the RALPN group (27±9.1 minutes) than the LPN group (31±10 minutes, p=0.019). Intraoperative complication rates were also lower in RALPN patients than LPN patients (4.1% vs. 14.3%). The eGFR preservation rate was higher in the RALPN group (84.6%) than in the LPN group (81.5%, p=0.049). Particularly, a relatively high difference in the eGFR preservation rate was observed in the RALPN group compared with the LPN group according to R.E.N.A.L. score 7–10 values (RALPN, 86.5±12.9 vs. LPN, 76.7±16.0; p=0.003). During the follow-up period, there was no local recurrence in either group and distant metastases only occurred in one patient in the RALPN group and in 2 patients in the LPN group. Conclusions: RALPN and LPN showed similar 5-year oncologic outcomes, but RALPN was superior to LPN in terms of WIT, intraoperative complications, and long-term eGFR preservation rate, especially in complex cases.
Sang-Hyun Kang,Shin Hwang,Tae Yong Ha,Gi Won Song,Dong-Hwan Jung,Chul-Soo Ahn,Deok-Bog Moon,Ki-Hun Kim,Gil-Chun Park,Young-In Yoon,Yo Han Park,Hui-Dong Cho,권재현,Yong-Kyu Chung,Jin-Uk Choi,Sung Gyu Lee 대한이식학회 2019 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.33 No.4
Background: The mammalian target of the rapamycin inhibitor has dual inhibitory effects on cell growth and angiogenesis. This study aimed to analyze the usage of everolimus on actual immunosuppression (IS) regimens through a cross-sectional study in a high-volume liver transplantation (LT) center. Methods: Our institutional LT database was searched for adult patients who underwent primary LT surgery between January 2010 and December 2016. We identified 2,093 LT recipients with observation periods of 1 to 8 years. Results: We divided the 2,093 recipients into three groups according to the posttransplant follow-up period as follows: group A (12–36 months; n=680), group B (37–60 months; n=560), and group C (>60 months; n=853). The individual IS agents were tacrolimus in 1,807 patients (86.3%), cyclosporine in 169 patients (8.1%), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in 1,310 patients (62.6%), and everolimus in 115 patients (5.5%). The most common IS regimens were tacrolimus-MMF combination and tacrolimus monotherapy, regardless of the posttransplant period. Patients with pretransplant malignancies were administered everolimus more frequently than those without pretransplant malignancies (P<0.001). In 102 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence or de novo malignancies, IS regimens included everolimus-tacrolimus in 41 patients (40.2%), tacrolimus-MMF in 27 patients (26.4%), tacrolimus in 20 patients (19.6%), MMF in 10 patients (9.8%), cyclosporine in three patients (2.9%), and cyclosporine-MMF in one patient (1.0%). Conclusions: Administration of everolimus after LT has been gradually increasing with the expansion of indications in our institutional practice. Currently, the role of everolimus is minimal and not comparable to that of tacrolimus, but it has a unique position in the field of IS after LT.