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김상구(Sang Goo Kim),류동춘(Dong Choon Ryou),최근주(Keun Joo Choi),송미정(Mi Jeong Song),나영신(Young Shin Na),류재익(Jae Ick Ryoo),신판세(Pan Se Shin) 한국수처리학회 2000 한국수처리학회지 Vol.8 No.2
Generally the turbidity of surface water increased tens or hundreds times rapidly by degree of rainfall and intensity. High turbid water have problems with lower alkalinity and many fine particles smaller than 1.0㎛. High turbid water needs higher coagulant dose for removing the particles especially fine particles which have comparatively larger specific area. But lower alkalinity can not react sufficiently with added coagulant to form aluminium hydroxide for removing the fine particles. Therefore lime is supplied for increasing raw water alkalinity, it is necessity increasing coagulant for good coagulation after lime added. For increasing particle to particle collision chance, high velocity gradient and longer flocculation time is needed. Though higher velocity gradient can increasing collision chance, can not make large floc so lower velocity gradient needed for making large floc to the last flocculation stage. Proper arrangement of baffles or compartmentalizations in the flocculation basin can reduce short-circuiting and extend flocculation time. The around-the-end and over-and-under baffled channel are more effective to prolong detention time than diffuser wall.
인터넷을 이용한 온라인 디지털 상품 판매 및 전송 프로토콜
안은미(Eun-mi Ahn),이은성(Eun-sung Lee),류재철(Jae-cheol Ryou) 한국정보과학회 1998 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.25 No.1A
전자 상거래가 활성화되기 위해서 판매자나 구매자에게 더욱 안전하고 편리한 구매 및 판매 수단을 제공해 주어야 한다. 디지털 상품을 위한 판매 시스템으로 미국의 Open Market에서 개발한 시스템이 있다. 이 시스템은 인증 기능은 있으나 지불 뒤 상품의 암호화된 다운로드는 지원하지 않고 있어 해킹의 위험성을 안고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이를 개선하여 지불 뒤 안전한 다운로드 방법을 제안함으로써 상품 브라우징, 주문, 지불, 전송까지 모두 온라인으로 처리할 수 있는 안전한 프로토콜을 설계하고자 한다.
Kim, Hong-Man,Ryou, Sang-Mi,Song, Woo-Seok,Sim, Se-Hoon,Cha, Chang-Jun,Han, Seung Hyun,Ha, Nam-Chul,Kim, Jae-Hong,Bae, Jeehyeon,Cunningham, Philip R.,Lee, Kangseok American Society for Microbiology 2009 Journal of Bacteriology Vol.191 No.7
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>Previous studies identified G791 in <I>Escherichia coli</I> 16S rRNA as an invariant residue for ribosome function. In order to establish the functional role of this residue in protein synthesis, we searched for multicopy suppressors of the mutant ribosomes that bear a G-to-U substitution at position 791. We identified <I>relA</I>, a gene whose product has been known to interact with ribosomes and trigger a stringent response. Overexpression of RelA resulted in the synthesis of approximately 1.5 times more chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) protein than could be synthesized by the mutant ribosomes in the absence of RelA overexpression. The ratio of mutant rRNA to the total ribosome pool was not changed, and the steady-state level of CAT mRNA was decreased by RelA overexpression. These data confirmed that the phenotype of RelA as a multicopy suppressor of the mutant ribosome did not result from the enhanced synthesis of mutant rRNA or CAT mRNA from the plasmid. To test whether the phenotype of RelA was related to the stringent response induced by the increased cellular level of (p)ppGpp, we screened for mutant RelA proteins whose overexpression enhances CAT protein synthesis by the mutant ribosomes as effectively as wild-type RelA overexpression and then screened for those whose overexpression does not produce sufficiently high levels of (p)ppGpp to trigger the stringent response under the condition of amino acid starvation. Overexpression of the isolated mutant RelA proteins resulted in the accumulation of (p)ppGpp in cells, which was amounted to approximately 18.2 to 38.9% of the level of (p)ppGpp found in cells that overexpress the wild-type RelA. These findings suggest that the function of RelA as a multicopy suppressor of the mutant ribosome does not result from its (p)ppGpp synthetic activity. We conclude that RelA has a previously unrecognized role in ribosome function.</P>
Functional Analysis of the Invariant Residue G791 of Escherichia coli 16S rRNA
송우석,김홍만,김재홍,심세훈,Sang-Mi Ryou,Sanggoo Kim,차창준,Philip R. Cunningham,배지현,이강석 한국미생물학회 2007 The journal of microbiology Vol.45 No.5
The nucleotide at position 79 (G791) of E. coli 16S rRNA was previously identified as an invariant residue for ribosomal function. In order to characterize the functional role of G791, base substitutions were introduced at this position, and mutant ribosomes were analyzed with regard to their protein synthesis ability, via the use of a specialized ribosome system. These ribosomal RNA mutations attenuated the ability of ribosomes to conduct protein synthesis by more than 65%. A transition mutation (G to A) exerted a moderate effect on ribosomal function, whereas a transversion mutation (G to C or U) resulted in a loss of protein synthesis ability of more than 90%. The sucrose gradient profiles of ribosomes and primer extension analysis showed that the loss of protein-synthesis ability of mutant ribosomes harboring a base substitution from G to U at position 791 stems partially from its inability to form 70S ribosomes. These findings show the involvement of the nucleotide at position 791 in the association of ribosomal subunits and protein synthesis steps after 70S formation, as well as the possibility of using 16S rRNA mutated at position 791 for the selection of second-site revertants in order to identify ligands that interact with G791 in protein synthesis.
Kim, Yu Jin,Ryou, Sang-Mi,Kim, Sudeok,Yeom, Ji-Hyun,Han, Min Su,Lee, Kangseok,Seong, Maeng-Je The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.22 No.48
<P>The measurement of the binding force between a cell membrane and an oligonucleotide-functionalized, gold-coated tip using atomic force microscope force spectroscopy showed enhanced binding forces due to the presence of proteins in the buffer. The cellular uptake of oligonucleotide–gold nanoparticle composites was also enhanced when the composites were coated with serum proteins. Confocal microscopy image analysis of fluorescently labeled serum proteins and the oligonucleotides of the composites revealed co-transport of proteins and the composites.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Protein-mediated binding enhancement between oligonucleotide–gold nanoparticle composites and cell surfaces facilitates co-transport of proteins and composites. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2jm34047j'> </P>
Jong-Myung Kim,신은경,SANG-MI RYOU,JI-HYUN YEOM,이강석 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.4
One of the key challenges in the experimental and therapeutic use of gene delivery agents is the development of methods that can efficiently deliver nucleic acids into living systems. During the past decade, the development of effective and safe gene delivery systems has been intensively investigated. This review summarizes the current state of gene delivery methods based on viral and non-viral agents.