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Park, Jinbong,Jeon, Yong-Deok,Kim, Hye-Lin,Lim, Hara,Jung, Yunu,Youn, Dong-Hyun,Jeong, Mi-Young,Kim, Hyun-Ju,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Kim, Su-Jin,Hong, Seung-Heon,Um, Jae-Young Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2013 No.-
<P>Obesity has become a major health threat in developed countries. However, current medications for obesity are limited because of their adverse effects. Interest in natural products for the treatment of obesity is thus rapidly growing. Korean Medicine (KM) is characterized by the wide use of herbal formulas. However, the combination rule of herbal formulas in KM lacks experimental evidence. According to <I>Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica</I>, the earliest book of herbal medicine, <I>Veratrum nigrum</I> (VN) has antagonistic features against <I>Panax ginseng</I> (PG), and the PG-VN pair is strictly forbidden. In this study, we have shown the effects of PG, VN, and their combination on obesity in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese mice and in 3T3-L1 cells. PG, VN, and PG-VN combination significantly reduced weight gain and the fat pad weight in HF diet-induced obese mice. They also significantly decreased lipid accumulation and the expressions of two major adipogenesis factors, PPAR<I><I>γ</I></I> and C/EBP<I><I>α</I></I>, in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, the PG-VN combination had synergistic effects compared with the mixture of extracts of PG and VN on inhibition of PPAR<I><I>γ</I></I> and C/EBP<I><I>α</I></I> expressions at lower doses. These results indicate a new potential anti-obese pharmacotherapy and also provide scientific evidence supporting the usage of herbal combinations instead of mixtures in KM.</P>
( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Won Kim ),( Young Kul Jung ),( Jin Mo Yang ),( Jae Young Jang ),( Yong Oh Kweon ),( Yong Kyun Cho ),( Yoon Jun Kim ),( Gun Young Hong ),( Dong Joon Kim ),( Soon Ho Um ),( Joo Hyun 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: Besifovir is an acyclic nucleotide phosphonate known to be effective in hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA suppression for both treatment- naïve and lamivudine-resistant chronic HBV infection in preliminary studies. We assessed the safety and efficacy of besifovir comparing with tenofovir in treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients. Methods: A total of 187 patients were randomly received besifovir dipivoxil 150mg or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300mg. Eligible subjects were patients with chronic HBV infection. We measured the proportion of patients who had HBV DNA less than 69 IU/mL at week 48 as the primary efficacy endpoint. Key secondary endpoints were histological response (i.e., a reduction in the Knodell necroinflammation score of 2 or more points without worsening fibrosis), serum HBV DNA reduction, and liver function tests. Also, bone mineral density (BMD) and renal parameters were evaluated. Results: The proportion of patients who achieved primary endpoint of HBV DNA (< 69 IU/mL) at week 48 were 85.33% and 88.75% among those who received besifovir and tenofovir, respectively. Besifovir was shown to be non-inferior to tenofovir (lower limit of 95% CI for the treatment difference =-0.14). Histological improvement of 29 patients who underwent liver biopsy was evaluated, and we found that significantly more patients treated with besifovir had improved histological response than those treated with tenofovir (77.78% vs. 36.36%, p=0.0482). There was no difference in intrahepatic cccDNA reduction between the two groups (p=0.35). None of the patients had resistant to mutations or increase in serum creatinine >0.5mg/dL from baseline. Patients who received besifovir had smaller decrease in BMD during 48 weeks than that of tenofovir (besifovir -0.02±0.44, tenofovir -0.10±0.86, p=0.0248). There was no adverse drug reaction leading the patients to withdrawal. Conclusions: This phase 3 study demonstrated that besifovir had comparable efficacy and safety profile to tenofovir in the treatment of treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients. Besifovir showed better profile than tenofovir in both histological response and bone loss. An open-label extension study is ongoing with besifovir to investigate long-term efficacy and safety.
Um Hyun-Ju,Shin Woo-ri,Sekhon Simranjeet Singh,Woo Sung Min,김영창,안지영,김양훈 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2021 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.17 No.4
Background Sphinganine is a key precursor for the synthesis of ceramide during sphingolipid biosynthesis in eukaryotes. In the sphinganine biosynthetic pathway, serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) and 3-ketosphinganine reductase (3KSR) catalyze the condensation of serine and palmitoyl-CoA to form 3-ketosphinganine, and the conversation of 3-ketosphinganine to dehydrosphingosine (DHS), respectively. Objective Phytosphingosine among cosmeceutical ingredients exists primarily on the surface of the skin and serves as a potent anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory agent. To overexpressing produce phytosphingosine in bacteria, we designed and synthesized the oligonucleotide of two major genes (3KSR and SPT) involved in the biosynthesis of sphingolipid for industrial applications. Results The genes encoding SPT from the Gram-negative bacterium Sphingobium chungbukense DJ77 and 3KSR from the eukaryotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) to produce DHS efficiently. Codon optimization was utilized for 3KSR expression in E. coli to facilitate the expression of eukaryotic proteins in the bacterial host. The synthetic 3KSR (3sKSR) protein activity was improved approximately 1.8 times compared to the wild-type 3KSR. Additionally, we successfully overexpressed the spt gene obtained from S. chungbukense DJ77, which can be used in efficient production of the sphenoid bases, with codon-optimized 3sKSR. The enhanced accumulation of DHS by SPT-3sKSR suggests that the codon-optimized enzyme (3sKSR) is more efficient for heterogeneous expression in E. coli. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that sphingolipid metabolism can be configured in engineered E. coli by the simultaneous overexpression of two key enzymes, SPT and 3sKSR, thereby producing sphingosine. Background Sphinganine is a key precursor for the synthesis of ceramide during sphingolipid biosynthesis in eukaryotes. In the sphinganine biosynthetic pathway, serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) and 3-ketosphinganine reductase (3KSR) catalyze the condensation of serine and palmitoyl-CoA to form 3-ketosphinganine, and the conversation of 3-ketosphinganine to dehydrosphingosine (DHS), respectively. Objective Phytosphingosine among cosmeceutical ingredients exists primarily on the surface of the skin and serves as a potent anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory agent. To overexpressing produce phytosphingosine in bacteria, we designed and synthesized the oligonucleotide of two major genes (3KSR and SPT) involved in the biosynthesis of sphingolipid for industrial applications. Results The genes encoding SPT from the Gram-negative bacterium Sphingobium chungbukense DJ77 and 3KSR from the eukaryotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) to produce DHS efficiently. Codon optimization was utilized for 3KSR expression in E. coli to facilitate the expression of eukaryotic proteins in the bacterial host. The synthetic 3KSR (3sKSR) protein activity was improved approximately 1.8 times compared to the wild-type 3KSR. Additionally, we successfully overexpressed the spt gene obtained from S. chungbukense DJ77, which can be used in efficient production of the sphenoid bases, with codon-optimized 3sKSR. The enhanced accumulation of DHS by SPT-3sKSR suggests that the codon-optimized enzyme (3sKSR) is more efficient for heterogeneous expression in E. coli. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that sphingolipid metabolism can be configured in engineered E. coli by the simultaneous overexpression of two key enzymes, SPT and 3sKSR, thereby producing sphingosine.
The Effects of NEES on PARP Expression and Cell Death in Rat Cerebral Cortex After Ischemic Injury
Sung Won Kim,Jung Sook Lee,Ki Mai Um,Ji Sung Kim,Suk Hee Lee,Yoo Rim Choi,Nyeon Jun Kim,Bo Kyoung Kim,Mi Suk Cho,Joo Hyun Park,Soon Hee Kim 국제물리치료학회 2010 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.1 No.2
The majority of strokes are caused by ischemia and result in brain tissue damage, leading to problems of the central nervous system including hemiparesis, dysfunction of language and consciousness, and dysfunction of perception. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) on necrosis in neuronal cells that have undergone needle electrode electrical stimulation(NEES) prior to induction of ischemia. Ischemia was induced in male SD rats(body weight 300g) by occlusion of the common carotid artery for 5 min, after which the blood was reperfused. After induction of brain ischemia, NEES was applied to Zusanli(ST 36), at 12, 24 and 48 hours. Protein expression was investigated using immuno-reactive cells, which react to PARP antibodies in cerebral nerve cells, and Western blotting. The results were as follows: In the cerebral cortex, the number of PARP reactive cells after 24 hours significantly decreased(p<.05) in the NEES group compared to the GI group. PARP expression after 24 hours significantly decreased(p<.05) in the NEES group compared to the GI group. As a result, NEES showed the greatest effect on necrosis- related PARP immuno-reactive cells 24 hours after ischemia, indicating necrosis inhibition, blocking of neural cell death, and protection of neural cells. Based on the results of this study, NEES can be an effective method of treating dysfunction and improving function of neuronal cells in brain damage caused by ischemia.
Association Between Hypnotics and Dementia: A Mini Narrative Review
Sung-Hoon Yoon,Young-Chan Kim,Ho Jun Seo,Seung Chul Hong,Tae Won Kim,Jong-Hyun Jeong,Yoo Hyun Um 대한신경정신의학회 2024 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.21 No.5
Objective : This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the existing literature on the relationship between hyp-notics and dementia, considering both potential link and inconclusive or lack of association. Methods : Data from studies that investigate the association between hypnotic medications and dementia were reviewed. Studies includ-ed both cohort studies and systematic reviews, participants with various type of dementia and hypnotics including benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z-drugs (ZDs). Results : The existing literatures presents conflicting evidence regarding the association between hypnotics, including BZDs and ZDs, and the risk of dementia. Some studies suggest a potential link between prolonged use of hypnotics and an increased risk of dementia. However, other studies indicate inconclusive or lacking evidence regarding this association. Factors such as study design, sample charac-teristics, and control of confounding variables contribute to the variability in findings. Conclusion : The relationship between hypnotics and dementia remains complex and controversial. While some studies suggest a poten-tial association, others find inconclusive or conflicting evidence. Future research should focus on addressing methodological limitations, considering classifying dementia subtypes, and try to adjust medication lag time.