Determining the Optimal Cooking Time for Cooking Loss, Shear Force, and Off-Odor Reduction of Pork Large Intestines

Sung-Su Kim,Yee Eun Lee,ho Hyun Kim,Joong-Seok Min,Dong Gyun Yim,Cheorun Jo 한국축산식품학회 2022 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.42 No.1

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal cooking time by considering the cooking loss, shear force, and off-odor reduction of pork large intestines. Commercial pork large intestines were purchased, quartered perpendicularly, and cooked in boiling water for 40, 120, 180, and 240 min. Cooking loss of the samples increased after 240 min of cooking (10.92, p<0.05) while shear force value was lower at 240 min (4.45) compared to that at other cooking times (p<0.001). The amount of major volatile organic compounds showed a decreasing trend with increasing cooking time. In particular, the amount of methyl pentanoate (17,528.71) and methyl isobutyrate (812.51), compounds with a relatively low odor threshold, decreased significantly after 120 min of cooking and no change was observed thereafter (p<0.05). In addition, the amount of 2-pentanol (3,785.65) and 1-propanol (622.26), possibly produced by lipid oxidation, significantly decreased at the same cooking time (p<0.001). In the principal component analysis, only the 40 min cooking time was significantly different from other cooking time by high amounts of 1-propanol, 2-pentanol, and methyl isobutyrate. In conclusion, in the present study, the optimal cooking time for pork large intestines was 120 min in terms of off-odor reduction, cooking loss, and shear force.

태권도 수련생의 윤리관 정립 방안

임정일,배성민,최영준 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study was to improve the ethic corruptness by focusing on the fact that Taekwondo is our own traditional property as a whole, and to establish the morals and ethics of Taekwondo trainee, athlete, coach, administrator, and veteran of Taekwondo. The problems of Taekwondo ethic values lie on the absence of right guidance and education, repeated violence in the stadium, the questioning of the referee's judgements, commercialization of Taekwondo that leads to excessive materialism and 'win at all costs' phenomena, and the lost manners. These are the methods to ameliorate the above mentioned problems. First, guide and educate the ethic values of the Taekwondo trainee. Second, research a program that establishes the ethic values of the trainee. Third, breed referees with rigid ethic values. Fourth, establish ethic values through Taekwondo culture creation . Fifth, establish the origins of ethic values through Taekwondo spirit. 1) Establishment of Koryo, Chosun Dynasty's traditional spirit and ethic value. 2) Establishment of ethic value through the unique Taekwondo spirit. Sixth, establish ethic value by education for the whole man. Seventh, establish ethic value through fair play. Therefore this study was carried out to contribute to innovating culture creation of Taekwondo through upright moral values as well as ethic values, and to succeed and develope the superb Taekwondo spirit and ethic values to Taekwondo families all over the world who have dreams and hopes.

H9c2 심근 세포주에서 외인성 nitric oxide가 허혈에 의한 세포 독성에 미치는 영향

정성구,장현용,김명천,고영관,정주호,배영미,박원서,김대중,유영민,김성수,임성빈 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.4

Background: Nitric oxide(NO) is known to have protective effects on an ischemic heart and to exert triggering effects on ischemic preconditioning. However, the effects of NO during the ischemic period have not been investigated. To investigate the role of exogenous nitric oxide in a model of ischemic heart cell death, we studied the effects of ischemic preconditioning and ischemia in a normal and an ischemic buffer. Methods: Rat cardiac myoblast cells(H9c2) were cultured in a normal and an ischemic buffered medium. For the ischemic culture of heart cells, the cells were cultured in a dessicator with GasPak for 5 hrs. In ischemic preconditioning, the cells were pretreated with ischemic buffer for 5 min and then perfused with normal medium for 30 min. For the measurement of the cytotoxicity, a MTT(3-4-Sdimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was performed. A DAPI(4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride) staining procedure and a flow cytometry analysis were performed to confirm apoptotic cell death by ischemia. Results: Cell viability, as determined by using a MTT assay, showed that the preconditioned group treated with NO showed more cell death than with the not-preconditioned groups in both normal and ischemic buffers. But, In normal medium and not-preconditioned groups, NO showed protective effect according to the concentrations(100,1000μM) . No treatment with NO produced the different results. In normal medium, the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning was demonstrated, but no protective effect of ischemic preconditioning could be seen in the case of the ischemic buffer. The DAPI staining and flow cytometry analysis of heart cells showed characteristic apoptotic features. Conclusion: NO added in the ischemic phase had deterious effects on heart cells. Ischemic preconditioning was more harmful than ischemia alone. The toxicity of the cells was characteristic apoptosis.

측정 자세의 변화에 따른 맥의 변화 특성: 선 자세, 앉은 자세, 누운 자세

권선민 ( Sun Min Kown ),강희정 ( Hee Jung Kang ),이상훈 ( Sang Hun Lee ),임윤경 ( Yun Kyoung Yim ),이용흠 ( Yong Heum Lee ) 대한경락경혈학회 2009 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.26 No.4

Objectives: Informations on pulse diagnosis in literature are based on diagnosing pulse waveforms on supine posture. However, today`s pulse waveforms are measured on various postures for the convenience of patients or doctors. For objective measurement, the effect of posture on the pulse waveforms should be considered. The objective of this study was to find posture-related changes in the radial pulse waveforms. Methods: We used an instrument, DMP-3000(DAEYOMEDI Co., Ansan, Korea), measuring radial pulse waveforms noninvasively by tonometric method. 25 male subjects participated in the trial. Before measuring radial pulse waveforms subjects had rest for 5 min. The pulse waveforms were measured on the left wrist. Each subject underwent this course on the supine, sitting, and standing posture. We analyzed pulse waveforms with Height-parameters, Time-parameters, Energy, and Elastic rate. Results: Height-parameters(h1~h5) on the supine posture were bigger than those on the sitting and standing posture. In case of Time-parameters, the parameters making up systolic time decrease in order of on standing, sitting, and supine position. However, systolic time and diastolic time didn`t have any changes. Energy of pulse was the biggest on supine posture and Elastic rate on standing posture. Conclusions: In this study we found that posture changes affect radial pulse waveforms. For quantification of the changes, more trials should be done. After analyzing much data we might apply parameters of pulse waveforms changed by posture. Also, we might diagnose special disease with properties of pulse waveforms by posture.

유관속 식물 분류의 강과 생태형에 따른 잎 전후면의 기공 분포

鄭宇珪,成敏雄,尹福任 慶尙大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.28 No.2

관속실물 118종이 잎 전후면의 기공분포와 생태학적 식물형과 계통 분류와의 연관성을 찾기 위하여 1987년부터 1988년까지 2년에 걸쳐 경상대학교 가좌 캠퍼스 내의 식물을 채집하여 잎 전후면의 기공분포를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 고사리류는 기공이 잎의 후면에만 분포하였다. 나자식물, 외떡잎식물, 쌍떡잎식물에서는 잎의 전후면에 기공이 분포하였으며, 기공 분포 비율은 잎 후면에서 각각 66%, 66%및 85%로 높게 나타났다. 2. 나자식물 8종 중에서 소철, 은행나무, 주목 및 전나무 4종은 잎 후면에만 기공이 분포하였고, 평균적으로 전면 43, 후면 65였다. 3. 외떡잎식물 34종의 경우 잎 전면에만 기공이 분포하는 식물은 가래와 죽순대 2종이었고, 후면에만 기공이 분포하는 식물은 백합, 청미래덩굴, 보춘화 및 닭의 난초 4종이었다. 나머지 31종은 잎 전후면에 기공이 분포하였고, 평균 전면 58, 후면 92였다. 4. 쌍떡잎 식물 70여종 중에서 38종은 기공이 잎의 후면에만 존재하였고, 나머지 32종은 전후면에 모두 분포하고 있었고, 평균 전면 27 후면 175이었다. 5. 초본과 목본의 비교에서 기공수는 잎의 후면에서는 목본이 158(85%)개로 초본 120(68%)개 보다 많았고, 잎 전면에서는 목본이 14(15%)개로 초본 58(30%)개 보다 적었다. 상록수와 낙엽수 비교해서 잎의 후면에서는 낙엽수가 201(99%)개로 상록수 126(75%)개 보다 많았고, 전면에서는 상록수가 12(16%)개로 낙엽수 3(1%)개 보다 많았다. 6. 다육식물과 비다육식물 비교해서 기공 분포는 다육 식물의 경우 ㎟단위 면적당 평균 기공 수가 잎 전면에서 33개, 잎 후면에서 34(50%)개, 길이는 각각41㎛로 잎 전후면이 유사하게 나타났다. 비다육식물은 ㎟단위 면적당 평균 기공 수가 잎 전면에서 36(19%)개, 잎 후면에서 149(81%)개로 잎 후면이 높게 나타났다. 7. 잎 전후면 1㎟당 분포하는 평균 기공 수를 합친 기공 수는 속새강 114개, 고사리류 104개, 나자식물 108개, 외떡잎식물 140개, 쌍떡잎식물 203개로 하등에서 고등으로 갈수록 기공 수가 높게 나타났다. A total of 118 species of vascular plants collected at Kajoa Campus, Gyeongsang National University from 1987 to 1988 was observed to determine their systematic relations and ecological plant form by analyzing the distribution of the stomata on both sides of the leaves. 1. The stomata were distributed only on lower surface of leaves in Filicinae, but they were found on both upper and lower surface of leaves in Gymnospermae, Monocotyledoneae and Dicotyledoneae. The stomatal distribution on lower surface of leaves apperared high 66% in Gymnospermae, 66% in Monocotyledonae and 66% in Dicotyledonae of the total number of stomata on both upper and lower surfaces of leaves. 2. The stomata were distributed only on lower surface of leaves in Cycas revoluta, Ginkgo biloba, Taxus cuspidata and Abies holophylla, but they were found on upper surface of leaves in pinus koraiensis, among eight species of Gymnospermae. The average number was 43 on upper surface and 65 on lower surface of leaves. 3. The stomata were distributed only on upper surface of leaves in Potamogeton distinctus and Phyllostachys pubescens, they were found on lower surface of leaves in Lilium longiflorunn, Smilax china, Cymbidium goeringii and Epipactis thunbergii, and they were distributed on both upper and lower surfaces of leaves in twenty- eight of the other thirty-five species of Monocotyledoneae. The average number was 58 on upper surface and 92 on lower surface of leaves. 4. The stomata were distributed only on lower surface of leaves in thirty-eight species in total of seventy species of Dicotyledoneae and they were found upper and lower surfaces of leaves in thirty-two species of all seventy species of Dicotyledoneae. The average number was 27 on upper surface and 175 on lower surface of leaves. 5. The stomatal number, or 158(85%) on lower surface of leaves in wood plant was higher in distribution than that or 120(68%) on lower surface of leaves in the herbaceous. The stomatal number, or 14(15%), on upper surface of leaves in wood plant was smaller in distribution than stomatal number, or 58(30%) on upper the herbaceous. The stomatal number, or 201(99%) on lower surfaces of leaves was more densely distributed in deciduous trees than the stomatal number, or 126(75%) on lower surface of leaves in evergreen trees, The stomatal number, or 12(16%) on upper surface was more densely distributed in evergreen trees than the stomatal number, or 3(1%), on the upper surface of leaves in deciduous trees. 6. The succulent plant was equal in number and size of stomata on both upper and lower surflaces of leaves. In other words it had 33-34 Stomata (50%) respecitively and 41μm length in size of stomata. But the non-succulent plant hard 36 stomata(19%) on the upper surface of leaves and 149(81%) stomata on the lower surface of leaves. The number and size of stomata in the succulent plant appeared similar in comparison with those in the non-succulent plant. 7. The total number of stoamta per ㎟ on both upper and lower surfaces was 114 in Equisetineae, 104 in Fern, 108 in Gymnospermal, 140 in Monocotyledoneae and 203 in Dicotyledoneae. The stomatal number proved to be more and more increasely in sequence of Equisetineae, Filicinae, Gymospermae, Momocotyledoneae, and Dicotyledoneae.

가스크로마토그래피를 이용한 요중 마뇨산 측정시 새로운 시료 전처리 방법의 검증

조수현,임용현,김선민,권호장,하미나,한상환 大韓産業醫學會 1995 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Urinary hippuric acid was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method. A simple and economical derivatization procedure using excessive methanol in acidic condition was adopted to esterify hippuric acid. Quantitative analysis was performed with two internal standards, heptadecanoic acid and hydrocinnamic acid, to evaluate the derivatization procedure as an analytical method. Using the standard addition method, linear and reproducible calibration curves were obtained for both internal standards. Calibration experiment showed that good quantitative result could also be obtained with the calibration curve obtained without urine matrix. Recovery rates for the urine samples were in the range of 95.6∼111.4%. Using hydrocinnamic acid as internal standard, analysis time could be reduced.

폴리머콘크리트 제조 방법

이민수,정홍석,임성팔,안도희,김광락,이성호,백승우,민병윤 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.2

In this paper, the foaming method of polymer concrete was studied. The pre-composition of polymer concrete consisted of unsaturated polyester as a binder material 15∼50wt%, sand 0∼80 wt%, filler 5-50 wt%, and foaming agent 0.1∼1.5 wt%. The pre-composition was heated at 100∼200℃ for 30∼120 minutes, which thermal treatment caused hardening of unsaturated polyester and cracking of foaming agent. The foamed polymer concrete showed low thermal transfer coefficent together with good mechanical properties.

수소동위원소 운반용기 단열 해석

김광락,이민수,백승우,이성호,안도희,임성팔,정흥석 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.2

The immobilized hydrogen as a titanium hydride could be used in a stainless steel vessel for the long-term storage of hydrogen isotopes. The design analysis of a hydrogen isotope transport container with capacity of 0.5 MCi tritium was carried out to confirm the performance of the safely requirement. In order to verify that the radioactive transport container complies with the requirements for the B(U) type container stipulated in the MOST regulation of transport container, thermal analysis were made for normal condition and hypothetical accident conditions during transport. Thermal analysis with the Heating-7 code under conditions of 38℃ for 7 days and 800℃ for 30 minutes showed that the container complied with the requirement for B(U) type transport container.

만성 호중구성 백혈병 1예

박기령,조성민,우가은,이기현,손혜영,임정윤,최진혁,이순남,정화순 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1997 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.20 No.2

Chronic neutrophilic leukemia(CNL) is a very rare myeloproliferative disease, characterized by sustained mature neutrophilic leukocytosis with granulocytic bone marrow infiltration, high NAP(neutrophilic alkaline phosphatase) score and absence of philadelphia chromosome, It is frequently accompanied by hepatosplenomegaly, elevated serum vitamin B_12 and uric acid level. For the diagnosis of CNL, the leukemoid reaction, especially secondary to neoplasia, infection and autoimmune diseases, should be excluded. Since Tuohy's first description in 1920, more than 50 cases fullfilling the above criteria have been reported worldwide, and 4 cases in Korea. Several authors have demonstrated the defect of intracellualr killing in the mature neutrophil and this finding correlates well with the very high incidence of fatal infection, The hemorrhagic diasthesis in CNL is caused by functional abnormality of the platelet. This disease has tendency to transform to blastic crisis and acute leukemia as in other myeloproliferative disease, but characteristically shows frequent coexistence with multiple myeloma. Until now , the therapeutic trials in CNL have been disappointing. Hydroxyrea and busulfan can control hyperleukocytosis. On the basis of functional defect in neutrophil, alpha-2b-interferon has been tried and several reports have demonstrated the clinical and functional effect of interferon on CNL. CNL is very rate hematologic disease and there are few report about general aspect of disorder. We report here a typical CNL case presenting with splenomegaly and leukocytosis with a review of the literature.

한국어판 정신분열병 삶의 질 척도의 개발과 PANSS와의 관련성

김진훈,임선진,민성길,김승업,손소정,Diane J Wild,박성혁,이황빈 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.5

Objectives : The present study was performed to verify the validity and value of 4th revision of Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS-R4) as an assessment tool in a Korean-language version (SQLS-R4K). Methods : The subjects for present study were 174 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia as defined by DSM-IV. The SQLS-R4K was administered together with self-report Korean version of World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Scale(WHOQOL-BREF) to assess validity. A subset of respondents also completed the SQLS-R4K for a second time to assess test-retest reliability. To evaluate the relationship SQLS-R4K and clinical characteristics, psychotic symptoms and general functioning were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) score respectively. Results : All the scales of SQLS-R4K showed good internal consistency reliability. The correlations of items with their scale total revealed that all items were significantly correlated with their own scale score. In test-retest reliability, paired t-tests indicated that responses did not alter significantly between the two assessment. There was moderate correlation between WHOQOL-BREF sub-scores and SQLS-R4K score total. Also relevant correlations between PANSS, current GAF and SQLS-R4K were proved. Conclusion : From the results of the testing the reliability and validity of the SQLS-R4K, it is concluded that the SQLS-R4K is a simple and reliable scale for measuring quality of life in schizophrenic patients.