산업디자인 지적재산권 출원의 정량적 판단 기준을 위한 디자인 선행조사 방안에 관한 연구

곽상수 ( Sang Soo¸ Kwak ) 한국지식재산연구원 2009 지식재산연구 Vol.4 No.2

최근 기업체들은 자체 디자인 개발 및 제품의 가치향상을 위해 디자인에 역점을 두고 있다. 이러한 추세에 따라 히트상품에 대한 우수한 디자인의 권리를 선점하고자 디자인 출원이 증대되고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 기업체의 디자인에 대한 관심과 디자인 출원에 비해, 실제적으로 디자인권 권리범위에 대해서 검증할 만한 지적재산권 자료와 시스템을 갖추지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 상황은 대기업도 예외가 아니다. 우리나라 디자인권에 대한 자료는 현재 한국특허정보원에서 운영하는 KIPRIS(www.kipris.or.kr)에서 국내정보를 수집하고, 해외자료는 기업체마다 별도의 외국기업 및 인터넷을 통해 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 또한 요즘은 시대의 변화에 따라 디자인 출원인들이 디자인권 하나만 보호를 받으려고 하는 것이 아니라, 폭넓은 권리를 주장하기 위하여 같은 창작내용을 최대한 활용 및 모디파이하여 실용신안, 디자인, 도형상표, 저작권 등 여러 가지의 권리를 동시에 권리화하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 이러한 추세는 앞으로 계속 이어질 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 기업체의 디자이너들이 디자인 개발에 필요한 정보수집과 지적재산권에 대한 권리화에 필요한 자료를 수집하고 이를 활용하는 방안에 있어서, 정부 및 공공기관이 구축해 놓은 시스템에 관한 디자인정보나 일반 디자인 DB정보의 소개를 통해 디자인권 등록을 할 때 원하는 자료와 서비스를 쉽고 정확하게 이용하는 방법을 소개하고 지적재산권 디자인 DB의 활성화 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 또한 지적재산권 디자인 DB와 일반 디자인 DB에 대한 디자인정보를 수집하는 방법을 분석하였고, 디자인정보를 바탕으로 각국의 기업체 및 공공기관에서 디자인 대민서비스 제공에 대해 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 기업체는 제품개발 전에 디자인정보를 바탕으로 디자인 출원 동향분석, 기본·디자인 분석, 디자인권 분쟁 분석, 최근 디자인권 분쟁 이슈, 최신인터넷 공지 디자인 분석 등 디자인 시스템을 통해 제공되는 콘텐츠를 충분히 활용하여 지적산권 확보 및 분쟁을 미연에 방지하고자 그 목적을 두고자 한다. 본 연구는 산업디자인 지적재산권 출원의 정량적 판단 기준을 위한 디자인 선행조사방안에 관한 연구를 위해 먼저 산업디자인과 지적재산권과의 관계를 이해하고, 지적재산권 디자인 DB와 일반 디자인 DB의 온라인서비스 현황을 분석하였다. 또한 지적재산권 디자인 DB에 대한 일본을 비롯한 국내외 온라인서비스 현황 분석 및 대민서비스의 서비스 상품분석을 통해 디자인정보 활용방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 이를 토대로 디자인정보 활용의 최적화를 위한 디자인 선행조사 방안을 제안하고 실제 제품에 대한적용 사례를 선보여 산업디자인 지적재산권 출원의 정량적 판단 기준을 위한 디자인 선행조사 방안에 관해 새로운 방법론을 제안했다. The purpose of this study is to suggest the way to activate design database of intellectual property rights to help a designer at a company collect information for design development and intellectual property rights. This study presents the method of using data and services easily and accurately when design rights are registered through introducing the design information of systems built by governments or public organizations, or general design database information. This study also compares industrial design with intellectual property rights, and analyzes the method of collecting design information in the design database of intellectual property rights and general design database. Moreover on demand service and on-line service at a company or a public organization of each country including Japan and other major countries is analyzed on the basis of the design information. Therefore, this study suggests the method of design prior search to maximize the use of design information practically and presents the utilized examples.

견인장에서의 분포와 교체의 음운형태

곽성수 경성대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.17 No.3

A number of phonological patterns of distribution and alternation appearing in almost all languages have been explained in terms of language-specific rules and constraints. Mohanan(1993) proposed that the explanation for recurrent patterns of distribution and alternation should lie in universal markedness restrictions on distribution. Borrowing a concept from the theory of dynamical systems, he used the notion of 'fields of attraction'to account for the naturalness in distribution and alternation. This paper intends first, to survey the English assimilation explained by the theory of his'fields of attraction'and second, to find some problems about his proposal of the English assimilation specification and third, to modify his strength of attraction in place and voice assimilation and last, to demonstrate further implications of his proposal and my modification through the English elision processes. His place hierarchy alveolar - labial - velar order for English is modified to alveolar - palatal - labial - velar, and his manner hierarchy nasal - plosive order is modified to plosive - fricative - nasal order. Some problems in voice assimilation are found in the ways of resolving the logical contradiction(conflict) at the fields of attraction. And as the syllable is regarded as an important phonological unit and assimilation takes place either within a syllable or at the syllable boundary, syllable-positional hierarchy is also established in accordance with the role of the relative positions within a syllable. English phonological patterns of distribution and alternation through assimilation processes could be explained relatively well in terms of Mohanan's field of attraction with some problems indicated above resolved. There have been a few devices to handle conflict resolution including rule ordering, constraints and repair, blocking and Elsewhere Condition. But Mohanan's proposal is to recognize conflict resolution as a fundamental organizing principle, and derive it as a consequence of a single conception : that of fields of attraction.

音韻位階理論과 英語音 變化

郭聖洙 경성대학교 1986 부산수산대학 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

The aim of this paper is to account for the English assimilations in terms of strength hierarchy system. This paper is also to modify and supplement some deficits in my unworthy paper (Sung-Soo Kwak : 1984). English assimilatory and elision processes are thought to occur by the proper relation between the phonological strength hierarchy of each segments (dual strength hierarchy) and syllable-positional strength hierarchy. I set up tentatively dual strength hierarchy for English segments and syllable-positional strength hierarchy as follows, and have tried to justify them through English assimilatory and elision processes. (1) Dual strength hierarchy for English segments. (2)syllable-positional strength hierarchy $C₁C₂VC₃C₄$ Where C₁>C₂ C₁>C₄ C₄>C₃ First, voice assimilation is explained by proper relation between voice hierarchy and syllable-positional hierarchy. Secondly, place assimilation is explained by the place hierarchy and syllable-positional hierarchy. Thirdly, manner assimilation is explained only by the manner hierarchy. And syllable-positional strength hierarchy can be disregarded in terms of functional view even if certain consonant occupies the strongest position in syllable-initial. Finally, elision process is with by dual strength hierarchy.

韓國 農業敎育ㆍ農村指導의 있어서의 컴퓨터 커뮤니케이션의 利用

郭基祥,金性洙 서울大學校 農科大學 1984 서울대농학연구지 Vol.9 No.2

Computer communications as a decision aided instruction, tutorial porgrams, communications and informational data base etc. in agricultural education at the secondary level as well as in agricultural extension services are the new trends in the field of education and extension. The purpose of this study was to review the possibility of induction and utilization of computer communications in agricultural and extension education in Korea. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. Various schools including general, commercial and technical high schools as well as some of the elementary and middle schools were found equipped with personal or micro computers, numbering 12,492 units as of November, 1983. 2. Despite the urgent needs and world-wide trends of computer communications uses in agricultural education and extension, computer communication system has not been introduced in agricultural education at the secondary level education and in provincial and county level agricultural extension services in Korea. 3. In order to facilitate to utilize computer communications system in agricultural and extension education, it was suggested that a committee should be created among others, to establish a set of criteria to be used in hardware selection, to develop software programs, and to train key staff.

모티리움 엠정(말레인산돔페리돈 12.72 mg)에 대한 한미 돔페리돈정의 생물학적 동등성

곽손혁,우종수,황성주 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2002 藥學論文集 Vol.17 No.-

Bioequivalence of two domperidone maleate tablets, test drug (Hanmi Domperidone^ⓡ tablet: Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co.) and reference drug (Motilium-M^ⓡ tablet: Jassen Korea Pharm. Co.), was evaluated according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty four healthy male volunteers were divided randomly into two groups and administered the drug orally at the dose of 20㎎ as domperidone in a 2×2 crossover study. There was a week washout period between administrations. Blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals for 48hr and the plasma concentration of domperidone was determined by a HPLC method. AUC_0-48hr (area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 48hr), C_max (maximum plasma drug concentration) and T_max, (time to reach C_max) were estimated from the plasma drug concentration-time data. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no difference in AUC_0-48hr, C_max and T_max between two products. The apparent differences of these parameters between two products were less than 20% (i.e., 1.047, -0.416 and 9.347% for AUC_0-10hr, C_max and T_max, respectively). The powers (1-β) for AUC_0-48hr, C_max and T_max were over 0.99. Minimal detectable differences (Δ) at α=0.05, 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (i.e. 11.15, 10.21 and 18.13% for AUC_0-10hr, C_max and T_max respectively). The 95% Confidence intervals (δ) for these parameters were also within ±20% (i.e. -5.49≤δ≤7.58, -6.39≤δ≤5.57 and -1.28≤δ≤19.95 for AUC_0-10hr, C_max and T_max, respectively). These results satisfied the criteria of KFDA guidelines for bioequivalence, indicating the two tablets of domperidone maleate were bioequivalent.

英語의 同化현상과 二元的인 强度體系

郭聖洙 경성대학교 1984 부산수산대학 논문집 Vol.5 No.1

Many phonologists tried to explain the assimilation and the syllabl fication with an inherent consonantal strength hierarchy. Hankamer and Aissen (1974) proposed that the inherent strength of the consonants determine the assimilation in Pail, a middle Indic dialect. Compiling all the evidence including Hankamer and Aissen's strength scale, Hooper established the following universal strength hierarchy: glides liquids nasals voiced continuant voiceless continuant voiceless stop voiced stop ???? 1 2 3 4 5 6 When applying Hooper's-Universal strellgth hierachy to the English assimilation, we knew that it was impossible to completely explain the English assimilation with the above single hier archy. Therefore, establishing the English-specific strength hierarchy to explain the English assimilation is the main purpose of this paper. First of all, we devided the English assimilation processes into two parts: voice assimilation and place assimilation. we also established dual strength hierarchies: the syllable position strength hierarchy (the strong and weak Consonantal strength hierarchy according to the articulation-place). When a syllable C₁C₂VC₃C₄is presented in a syllable-position strength hierarchy, C₁, the beginning ot one syllable, is the strongest position and C₃ is stronger than C₄in the end of one syllable. The consonant in the stronger position influences the consonant in the weaker position at the voicing assimilation in English. Next we can establish the rollowing articulation-position strength hierarchy for the place assimilation. This hierarchy is the revised from of Foley's phonologlcal hierarchy of Germanic occlusives. alveolar bilabial velar t p k d b g n m ?? ???? 1 2 3 both the syllable-position strength hierarchy and articulation-position strength hierarchy are used for the explanation of the place assimilation. In tautosyllable assimilation, only articulation-Position hierarchy is used, and in intersyllable assimilation, above dual hierarchy is used together. It may be given as a conclusion that Hooper's single strength hierarchy doesn't work well in English assimilation and therefore the dual strength hierarchies are necessary in order to explain the English assimilation Processes.

영어모음의 단음화

곽성수 慶星大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.2

It has been believed that the Cluster Shortening, Trisyllabic Shortening, and -ic/-id/-ish Shortening begun originally by Chomsky&Halle(1968) could be reduced to a single general statement. This generalization has been developed in a number of later contributions, notably by Halle&Mohanan(1985), Myers(1987), Yip(1987) and Rubach(1996). Their single Shortening Rule is accounted for in two alternative ways in the large. The first one is Cluster Shortening by Yip and the second is Syllabic Shortening by Myers. Rubach's revision is inspired by Yip's discovery that vowel of the suffix can be removed and by Myers' hypothesis that shortening should be stated in syllabic terms. The purpose of this paper is to collect the data in accordance with three SPE rules, to apply their single rule to these data first, to find their shortcomings and to suggest the alternatives partly as possible. This paper connects shortening to the fact that first, non-derived words are excluded according to the Strict Cycle Condition, secondly, class 1 suffixes are only included among the derived words, thirdly, shortening is stated in syllabic terms, fourthly syllabic shortening works in conjunction with Final Extrametricality, and lastly, counter to Myers, Rubach, we use the ambisyllabification , not resyllabification to make the closed syllable. The problematic words which no single rule can deal with, such as scenic, basic. obesity, nicety, seasonal, notify, greenish etc. remain also as an exception in this paper. A separate rule is needed to solve these problematic words.

The Sequential Constraints of Word-initial Clusters in English

郭聖洙 慶星大學校 1983 부산수산대학 논문집 Vol.4 No.3

英語語의 語頭子音群 (Initial cluster)으로서 어떤것이 可能하며 그들의 配列上의 制約 (sequential constraints)은 어떠하며 體系的인 空白 (systematic gab)이나 우연한 空白 (accidental gab)에 속하는 無意味單語 (nonsense word)들이 real word로의 acceptibility을 알아보고저 함이 本 稿의 目的이다. 頭子音群이 CCCV일때 주로 쓰일 수 있는 종류는 9가지이며 드물게쓰이는 /smy-/와/tsw/까지 합치면 11개가 된다. 그리고 CCV 의 경우는 CCCV의 경우에서 첫째 子音을 (1)로 둘째를 (2)로 셋째를 (3)으로 정해놓고 거기에서 하나를 제외한 (1)-(2) 와(2)-(3) 과(1)-(3)의 순서로 해서 CCV의 모든경우를 정리할 수 있다. 이때 (1)에 올수있는 子音으로는 /s/와 모든 다른 마찰음 (spirants)이고 (2)에는 폐쇄음이나 비음(nasals) (3)에는 流音 (liquids)이나 半母音(semivowels)등이 될수있다. 이들 순서는 꼭 지켜져야 하지만 약간의 例外로서 (1)-(1), (2)-(2), (3)-(3)과, (2)-(1)의 순서도 볼수있다. 특히 (3)-(3)의 경우는 (3)에는 半母音이 있기 때문에 가능한 것이다. 쉽게 이야기 할수 있는 제약으로는 어떤 경우에도 같은 子音이 두개 겹치는 것은 없고 유성음과 무성음이 짝(pair)이 될수없고 (3)이 頭子音이 될수 없으며 또 세개의 子音群을 두 子音群으로 풀면 어느쪽으로나 허용 가능한 子音群이 나와야 한다는 것이다. 無意味단어 (nonsense word)중에는 體系的인 空白에서 온 경우와 우연한 空白에서 온 경우가 있는데 勿論 體系的인 空白에 속하는 것이 가장 real word가 될수 있는 가능성이 적고 우연한 空白에 속하는 경우를 두가지로 나누어서 빈도수가 높은 子音群이면서 real word가 되어 있지 않는 경우와 빈도수도 적고 real word로도 되어있지는 않지만 아무런 制約도 어기지 않는 경우를 들수있다. 이런경우 前者가 后子보다 acceptibility가 크다고 할수있겠다. 그리고 外來 借用語中에서 상당수가 이들 配列制約을 어기고 있으며 이러한 配列制約은 結局 發音의 便宜(euphony)을 위한 것인데 철자발음 (Spelling pronunciation)이 계속 도입된다면 여러가지 配列制約이 무너지는 결과가 올것이 분명하고 또 발음의 편이를 위한다는 이유만으로는 配列制約의 원인이 될수가 없는것이다. ]

韓國技術人力需給시스템의 動的 特性에 관한 硏究

郭秀一,吳相洛,申鉉麟 東亞大學校 經營問題硏究所 1980 經營論叢 Vol.3 No.-

GPS 측량에 있어서 반송파 위상관측의 차분방법

곽재하,강성수,강인준 釜山大學校 都市問題硏究所 1996 都市硏究報 Vol.4 No.-

Global positioning system and its vectors are referenced in the WGS 84 datum. Because Tokyo datum is used in Korea, usually geodetic coordinate system transformation is need to use GPS data directly. Basically GPS surveying results are length and direction of base line. Authors could use the relational distance and direction within two stations, directly, in practical coordinates system without the transformation of coordinates in GPS data. The triple differenced carrier phase obserbables yields the relative positioning between the co-observing receivers, usually referred to as the 3-dimensional vector between the stations. In this study, we could obtained the practical position data without coordinate transformation, with known geodetic results of Korea and GPS triple differenced carrier phase observables.