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Fernandez Jude,Bindhu B.,Prabu M.,Sandhya K. Y. 한국세라믹학회 2022 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.59 No.2
For future electronic devices, barium titanate based multifunctional ceramics falling under the category of ABO 3 perovskite type rose to prominence among scientists and engineers around the world. Moreover, the remarkable properties can be tuned by a strategy known as doping. The synthesis of hafnium (Hf 4+ ) doped BaHf x Ti (1- x ) O 3 , x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 ceramics based on a wet chemical technique known as sol–gel, where the total time and temperature required for complete phase for- mation is considerably less, is reported in this article. The formation of a well-defined crystal structure with tetragonal phase showing P4mm space group was confirmed for BaHf x Ti (1- x ) O 3 ceramics calcined at 1000 °C using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diff raction (XRD). The calcined powders consisting of grains with polyhedral shapes possessed particle sizes ranging from 160 to 460 nm. A signifi cant peak corresponding to metal oxide formation was obtained at 565 cm −1 for all the composi- tions in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, proving the existence of the required perovskite phase. A minor variation in band gap energy with increase in Hafnium (Hf 4+ ) was found out using Ultraviolet–Visible-near-IR (UV–Visible-NIR) spectroscopy. Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum analysis, put forward the possibility of slight disorders in the ceramics; nonetheless, the spectra were found to be composed of peaks corresponding to blue, red and green emissions. The remnant polarization ( P r ), saturation polarization ( P s ) and coercive electric field ( E c ) of BaHf x Ti (1- x ) O 3 , calculated from ferroelectric hysteresis loop were found to vary appreciably with corresponding rise in hafnium (Hf 4+ ) concentration.