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Trend of Fire Outbreaks in Ghana and Ways to Prevent These Incidents
Addai, Emmanuel K.,Tulashie, Samuel K.,Annan, Joe-Steve,Yeboah, Isaac Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2016 Safety and health at work Vol.7 No.4
Background: In Ghana, fire incidents have become a regular occurrence, with thousands of lives and millions of dollars lost every year. Hardly a day passes without news of a fire outbreak in some part of Ghana, causing fear and panic among the people. This generates much discussion centering on rumors relating to politics, sabotage, misfortune, religious differences, etc. This article seeks to discuss the trend of fire incidents occurring in Ghana from 2000 to 2013 and the different ways to prevent these incidents. Methods: The pattern of fire incidence in Ghana as a whole as well as in each region is discussed. The study took into consideration the causes, mechanisms, as well as preventive measures against the fire menace. Data were obtained from the head office of Ghana's national fire service. Results: It was noticed that in general the rate of fire incidence increased each year. This increase was attributed to several factors: rate of population growth and industrialization, unstable electricity, urbanization, negligence, illegal electrical connection, etc. The cause of fire was categorized into domestic, industrial, vehicular, institutional, electrical, commercial, bush, and others. Among these causes, domestic fire accounted for 41% of the total number of fire incidents in the country. Conclusion: Finally, this study presents several recommendations to help prevent and mitigate fire incidents in Ghana.
Trend of Fire Outbreaks in Ghana and Ways to Prevent These Incidents
Emmanuel K. Addai,Samuel K. Tulashie,Joe-Steve Annan,Isaac Yeboah 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2016 Safety and health at work Vol.7 No.4
Background: In Ghana, fire incidents have become a regular occurrence, with thousands of lives and millions of dollars lost every year. Hardly a day passes without news of a fire outbreak in some part of Ghana, causing fear and panic among the people. This generates much discussion centering on rumors relating to politics, sabotage, misfortune, religious differences, etc. This article seeks to discuss the trend of fire incidents occurring in Ghana from 2000 to 2013 and the different ways to prevent these incidents. Methods: The pattern of fire incidence in Ghana as a whole as well as in each region is discussed. The study took into consideration the causes, mechanisms, as well as preventive measures against the fire menace. Data were obtained from the head office of Ghana’s national fire service. Results: It was noticed that in general the rate of fire incidence increased each year. This increase was attributed to several factors: rate of population growth and industrialization, unstable electricity, urbanization, negligence, illegal electrical connection, etc. The cause of fire was categorized into domestic, industrial, vehicular, institutional, electrical, commercial, bush, and others. Among these causes, domestic fire accounted for 41% of the total number of fire incidents in the country. Conclusion: Finally, this study presents several recommendations to help prevent and mitigate fire incidents in Ghana.
Auxillia Machingauta,Marc Y. Stevens,Chi Godloves Fru,Simbarashe Sithole,Samuel Yeboah,Stanley Mukanganyama 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.4
Combretum species are distributed widely in Southern Africa and are known for their medicinal properties. The species have potential as sources of anticancer agents. Combrestanin-A4 isolated from Combretum caffrum is one of the pure compounds now under clinical trials. The aim of this study was to fractionate and isolate plant phytoconstituents of C. platypetalum and determine their antiproliferative effects on a human leukemic cancer cell line, Jurkat-T cells. Dried powdered leaf plant samples were extracted serially with hexane, DCM, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and water. The total combined extracts were run on a silica gel column using a mobile phase of increasing polarity. β-Sitosterol was isolated from pool 94–98 of the fractions and identified by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR and its molecular formula confirmed by mass spectrometry. The effects of β-sitosterol on proliferation of cells, effect of combining β-sitosterol and glutathione, effect of combining β-sitosterol and camptothecin and effect of β-sitosterol on glutathione S-transferase activity were determined. β-sitosterol showed dose-dependent antiproliferative effects against Jurkat-T cells and these effects were shown to be irreversible. Reduced glutathione protected the cells from the effects of β-sitosterol. Enhance antiproliferative effects were observed when β-sitosterol was combined with camptothecin. β-sitosterol was also shown to inhibit the activity of glutathione S-transferases in the cancer cell line. The results of the study suggested that β-sitosterol has antiproliferative effects in the Jurkat-T cells. Further work needs to be done on normal cells to determine if β-sitosterol affects cancer cells only.