Christmas cribs: traditions of szopka art and craft in Cracow Samanta Kowalska

Samanta Kowalska 국립민속박물관 2019 International Journal of Intangible Heritage Vol.14 No.-

Intangible cultural heritage plays an immeasurablerole in the existence, continuation and development ofcommunities. Intergenerational transmission helps tostrengthen the bond between people. The first legallybinding act of international law concerning this issue isthe UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of IntangibleCultural Heritage of 2003. This article discusses the roleand the significance of Cracovian nativity scenes forthe local community, for whom they represent a ‘living’tradition. Cracovian nativity scenes, inscribed on theUNESCO Representative List of the Intangible CulturalHeritage of Humanity in 2018, are the first Polish entry onthe List. The issues discussed include perspectives on theprinciple of sustainable development in the cultural sectorand present the challenges of safeguarding intangibleheritage in the context of increasing commercialisationand globalisation.

Development of Hepatitis Vaccine in Genetically Engineered Mammalian Cell

Himadri, Samanta,Choi, Kyung-Hee 中央大學校 遺傳工學硏究所 1988 遺傳工學硏究論集 Vol.1 No.1

B형 간염 바이러스 표면항원 유전자가 포유동물세포에서 발현되도록 bovine papilloma virus(BPV)를 vector로 사용하여 몇가지 재조합 플라스미드를 제조하였다. promoter는 mouse metallotheionin promoter를 사용하였고, BPV의 크기를 변화시켰으며 또한 HBsAg 유전자의 polyadenylation signal을 제거하기도 하였다. 포유동물에서 세가지의 재조합 플라스미드는 모두 HBsAg을 발현시켰으며, BPV유전자와 HBV유전자가 완전히 들어있는 vector에 의해 가장 많은 HBsAg이 생산되었다. HBV DNA는 episomal 상태로 남아있는것이 아니고, 마우스세포의 염색체에 삽입되어 있는것이 확인되었으며, HBV DNA의 copy 수와 HBsAg의 생산량과는 비례하지 않는 것이 밝혀졌다. HBsAg 생산세포는 2-3개월동안 계대배양의 필요없이 계속해서 HBsAg을 배양액에 분비하였다. 이를 정제하여 E.M.으로 관찰한 결과 particle을 형성함이 확인되었고, western blot 분석을 통해 pre-s를 포함하고 있음을 밝혔다. We have expressed the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in mouse fibroblast cell line using metallothionein-bovine papilloma virus vectors. We have used three different recombinant plasmids and find that the expression level varies significantly from one plasmid to the other. One of the constructs gave very high express level and has been characterized further. We have failed to detect any plasmid in the episomal form in the producing clones and all the HBV DNA found to be integrated in the mouse chromosome at more than one site. We do not find any linear relationship between the number of copies HBV DNA and the level of the surface antigen produced. Cells can continuously be grown in the presence of cadmium chloride without splitting for more than two months and the secreted surface antigen be harvested during this period. The antigen is secreted as particle as have been found in electron micrograph of purified antigen. From western blot studies we find that the antigen contains the pre-s region.

Organic n-Channel Transistors Based on [1]Benzothieno[3,2-<i>b</i>]benzothiophene-Rylene Diimide Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymers

Samanta, Suman Kalyan,Song, Inho,Yoo, Jong Heun,Oh, Joon Hak American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.38

<P>Improving the charge-carrier mobility of conjugated polymers is important for developing high-performance, solution-processed optoelectronic devices. Although [1]benzothieno[3,2-<I>b</I>]benzothiophene (BTBT) has been frequently used as a high-performance p-type small molecular semiconductor and employed a few times as a building block for p-type conjugated polymers, it has never been explored as a donor moiety for high-performance n-type conjugated polymers. Here, BTBT has been conjugated with either n-type perylene diimide (PDI) or naphthalene diimide (NDI) units to generate a donor-acceptor copolymer backbone, for the first time. Charge-transport measurements of organic field-effect transistors show n-type dominant behaviors, with the electron mobility reaching ∼0.11 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>-1</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP> for PDI-BTBT and ∼0.050 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>-1</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP> for NDI-BTBT. The PDI-BTBT mobility value is one of the highest among the PDI-containing polymers. The high π-π stacking propensity of BTBT significantly improves the charge-carrier mobility in these polymers, as supported by atomic force microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction analyses. Phototransistor applications of these polymers in the n-type mode show highly sensitive photoresponses. Our findings demonstrate that incorporation of the BTBT donor unit within the rylene diimide acceptor-based conjugated polymers can improve the molecular ordering and electron mobility.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

A provably tight delay-driven concurrently congestion mitigating global routing algorithm

Samanta, R.,Erzin, A.I.,Raha, S.,Shamardin, Y.V.,Takhonov, I.I.,Zalyubovskiy, V.V. Elsevier [etc.] 2015 Applied mathematics and computation Vol.255 No.-

Routing is a very important step in VLSI physical design. A set of nets are routed under delay and resource constraints in multi-net global routing. In this paper a delay-driven congestion-aware global routing algorithm is developed, which is a heuristic based method to solve a multi-objective NP-hard optimization problem. The proposed delay-driven Steiner tree construction method is of O(n<SUP>2</SUP>logn) complexity, where n is the number of terminal points and it provides n-approximation solution of the critical time minimization problem for a certain class of grid graphs. The existing timing-driven method (Hu and Sapatnekar, 2002) has a complexity O(n<SUP>4</SUP>) and is implemented on nets with small number of sinks. Next we propose a FPTAS Gradient algorithm for minimizing the total overflow. This is a concurrent approach considering all the nets simultaneously contrary to the existing approaches of sequential rip-up and reroute. The algorithms are implemented on ISPD98 derived benchmarks and the drastic reduction of overflow is observed.

The challenge of hapatitis B virus

Samanta, Hinadri K. The Microbiological Society of Korea 1987 微生物과 産業 Vol.13 No.3

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a very serious threat to public health in most of the developing countries of the world. It is estimated that around 300 million people worldwide are chronic carriers of this virus and will transmit the disease both vertically and horizontally. Infection by this virus may cause a wide range of clinical manifestations ranging from an asymptomatic infection to liver cirrhosis.

BIOECONOMIC MODELLING OF A THREE-SPECIES FISHERY WITH SWITCHING EFFECT

Samanta, G.P.,Manna, Debasis,Maiti, Alakes 한국전산응용수학회 2003 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.12 No.1

This paper aims to study the problem of combined harvesting of a system involving one predator and two prey species fishery in which the predator feeds more intensively on the more abundant species. Mathematical formulation of the optimal harvest policy is given and its solution is derived in the equiblibrium case by using Pontryagin's Maximum principle. Dynamic optimization of the harvest policy is also discussed by taking E(t), the combined harvest effort, as a dynamic variable. Biological and bioeconomic interpretations of the results associated with the optimal equilibirum solution are explained. The significance of the constraints required for the existence of an optimal singular control are also given.

Highly hydrophilic and insulating fluorinated reduced graphene oxide

Samanta, Khokan,Some, Surajit,Kim, Youngmin,Yoon, Yeoheung,Min, Misook,Lee, Sae Mi,Park, Younghun,Lee, Hyoyoung The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Chemical communications Vol.49 No.79

<P>A facile method for the synthesis of highly fluorinated reduced graphene oxide from graphene oxide using BF<SUB>3</SUB>-OEt<SUB>2</SUB> solution and alkylthiol/alkylamine on the Gram scale has been described using a detailed mechanism. The maximum fluorination was as high as 38 wt% and the fluorinated reduced graphene oxide produced has great wettability and high insulating properties.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A facile method for the synthesis of highly hydrophilic and insulating fluorinated reduced graphene oxide using BF<SUB>3</SUB>-OEt<SUB>2</SUB> solution and alkylthiol/alkylamine. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3cc45376f'> </P>

Ultrasensitive Near‐Infrared Raman Reporters for SERS‐Based In Vivo Cancer Detection

Samanta, Animesh,Maiti, Kaustabh Kumar,Soh, Kiat‐,Seng,Liao, Xiaojun,Vendrell, Marc,Dinish, U. S.,Yun, Seong‐,Wook,Bhuvaneswari, Ramaswamy,Kim, Hyori,Rautela, Shashi,Chung, Junho,Olivo, Ma WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Angewandte Chemie Vol.123 No.27

<P><B>Zuverlässige Berichterstattung</B>: Das Screening einer 80‐teiligen Tricarbocyanin‐Bibliothek lieferte CyNAMLA‐381 als Nahinfrarot‐SERS‐Reporter mit guter Signalstabilität und höherer Empfindlichkeit als der Standard (SERS=oberflächenverstärkte Raman‐Spektroskopie). Durch Verkapselung von CyNAMLA‐381 an der Oberfläche von Gold‐Nanopartikeln und Konjugation mit Antikörpern wurden SERS‐Nanomarker mit ausgezeichneter Empfindlichkeit, Stabilität und Tumorspezifität in Xenograft‐Modellen erhalten (siehe Bild).</P>

Multi-level Integrative Biomarker Responses in Freshwater Teleostean Fishes Exposed to Almix Herbicide

Samanta, P.,Pal, S.,Mukherjee, A. K.,Senapati, T.,Jung, J.,Ghosh, A. R. GRADUATE FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENT 2017 International journal of environmental research IJ Vol.11 No.4

Pharmacological and Biochemical studies on Telescopium telescopium - a marine mollusk from the Mangrove regions

Samanta, SK,Adhikari, D,Karmakar, S,Dutta, A,Roy, A,Manisenthil, KT,Roy, D,Vedasiromoni, JR,Sen, T Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2008 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.8 No.4

The tissue extract (TTE) of a marine snail Telescopium telescopium, collected from the coastal regions of West Bengal, India, was extensively screened for pharmacological and biochemical properties. Telescopium telescopium (TTE) produced significant lysis of washed rat erythrocytes (both direct and indirect), produced haemorrhagic lesions in the skin and also released haemoglobin (in vitro tissue damage) from different tissue samples. TTE was found to produce pro-inflammatory effects when injected into the rat hind paw and also increased peritoneal vascular permeability. Furthermore, intravenous administration of TTE produced a decrease in blood pressure (hypotensive effect) in anaesthetized rats. The extract produced potent esterase activity, as was evident from the breakdown of FDA with subsequent release of fluorescein (in vitro). TTE also demonstrated prominent cholinesterase, phospholipase, phosphatase and protease activities.