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Numerical simulations of turbulent and flow characteristics of complex river reach in Pakistan
Muhammad Usman,Saman Shahid,Shahid Ali,Muhammad Kaleem Ullah 대한환경공학회 2023 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.28 No.1
The study included the numerical simulation of a curved open channel flow of Chashma Barrage for different velocities along left & right river banks, and water depths downstream of the river reach. The physical model was constructed in one of the experimental trays at the Irrigation Research Institute. Different trials were carried out at low, medium, and high discharges after the calibration of the physical model. A 2D computational fluid dynamics ANSYS FLUENT software was used to simulate various turbulences and flow properties for various discharges (500,000, 800,000, and 957,289 cusecs) using two different turbulent models: k-epsilon and Reynolds’s stress. The simulation findings were compared to the physical modeling results in terms of velocities and water depths for verification. In both velocity (18−27%) and water depth (18−36%) measurements, the k-model had a lower average percentage error than the RS model. On verification using physical modeling, the total average percentage difference from the k-model for all discharges was less than 25%. Numerical simulations based on computational fluid dynamics can be used to better understand turbulence and flow parameters, as well as to assess and develop barrage engineering.
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Mahla Daliri,Motahareh Ebrahimnejad,Samane Najafi,Behzad Aminzadeh,Maryam Emadzadeh,Department of Neurosurgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Scie,Ali Moradi 대한정형외과학회 2022 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.14 No.4
Background: The interest in ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of the patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is growing. This paper aimed to find the correlation of postoperative changes in these modalities’ parameters with clinical outcomes. Methods: Boston CTS questionnaire-symptom severity (BQ-SS), Boston CTS questionnaire-functional status (BQ-FS), and visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaires (for pain, paresthesia, and grip weakness assessment) were used to evaluate clinical outcomes. Various imaging parameters of the median nerve and carpal tunnel were evaluated using US and MRI at two levels of the hook of the hamate (distal) and the pisiform (proximal) once preoperatively and then 3 months postoperatively. Corresponding US and MRI parameter measures were compared, and correlational analysis was performed between alteration of imaging findings and changes in clinical parameters postoperatively. Results: Patients’ functional status (BQ-FS score) was positively correlated with the nerve width both in US and MRI at the proximal level (r = 0.457 and r = 0.453, respectively) and also with the MRI nerve circumference at the distal level (r = –0.482). Correlation between paresthesia and the nerve width was notable in MRI at the distal hook of the hamate level (r = –0.403). Grip weakness VAS score was correlated with the nerve width-to-height ratio (WHR) in US at the distal level (r = 0.432). Conclusions: Changes in US and MRI parameters of the median nerve width, circumference, and WHR were associated with clinical changes in patients with CTS after surgery.
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