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$C_{x}F_{y}$ Polymer Film Deposition in rf and dc $C_{7}F_{16}$ Vapor Plasmas
Sakai, Y.,Akazawa, M.,Sakai, Yosuke,Sugawara, H.,Tabata, M.,Lungu, C.P.,Lungu, A.M. The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2001 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.2 No.1
$C_{x}F_{y}$ polymer film was deposited in rf and dc Fluorinert vapor ($C_{7}F_{16}$) plasmas. In the plasma phase, the spatial distribution of optical emission spectra and the temporal concentration of decomposed species were monitored, and kinetics of the $C_{7}F_{16}$ decomposition process was discussed. Deposition of $C_{x}F_{y}$ film has been tried on substrates of stainless steel, glass, molybdenum and silicon wafers at room temperature in the vapor pressures of 40 and 100 Pa. The films deposited in the rf plasma showed excellent electrical properties as an insulator for multi-layered interconnection of deep-submicron LSI, i.e. the low dielectric constant ∼2.0, the dielectric strength ∼2 MV/cm and the high deposition rate ∼100nm/min at 100W input power.
ATOMIC CARBON IN THE W 3 GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUD
SAKAI TAKESHI,OKA TOMOHARU,YAMAMOTO SATOSHI The Korean Astronomical Society 2005 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.38 No.2
We have mapped the W 3 giant molecular cloud in the $C^o\;^3P_1-^3 P_o$ ([CI]) line with the Mount Fuji Submillimeter-wave Telescope. The [CI] emission is extended over the molecular cloud, having peaks at three star forming clouds; W 3(Main), W 3(OH), and AFGL 333. The [CI] emission is found to be strong in the AFGL 333 cloud. We have also observed the $C^{18}O,\;CCS,\;N_2H^+$, and $H^{13}CO^+$ lines by using the Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45 m telescope. In the AFGL 333 cloud, we find two massive cores, which are highly gravitationally bound and have no sign of active star formation. The high [$C^o$]/[CO] and [CCS]/[$N_2H^+$] abundance ratios suggest that the AFGL 333 cloud is younger than the W 3(Main) and W 3(OH) clouds.
Sakai, Koki 한국목재공학회 1992 목재공학 Vol.20 No.3
The application of white-rot fungi to pulping and bleaching processes has been studied at the Wood Chemistry Laboratory in Kyushu University, cooperatively with the Biotechnology Laboratory of Kobe Steel, Ltd. Some successful results of the studies for a biomechanical pulping process, biobleaching of hardwood and softwood kraft pulp, as well as chlorine free biobleaching of oxygen-prebleached hardwood kraft pulp are dealt with. Biological treatment of the pulp bleaching effluent is also described.
Complexity Control Method of Chaos Dynamics in Recurrent Neural Networks
Sakai, Masao,Homma, Noriyasu,Abe, Kenichi Institute of Control 2002 Transaction on control, automation and systems eng Vol.4 No.2
This paper demonstrates that the largest Lyapunov exponent λ of recurrent neural networks can be controlled efficiently by a stochastic gradient method. An essential core of the proposed method is a novel stochastic approximate formulation of the Lyapunov exponent λ as a function of the network parameters such as connection weights and thresholds of neural activation functions. By a gradient method, a direct calculation to minimize a square error (λ - λ$\^$obj/)$^2$, where λ$\^$obj/ is a desired exponent value, needs gradients collection through time which are given by a recursive calculation from past to present values. The collection is computationally expensive and causes unstable control of the exponent for networks with chaotic dynamics because of chaotic instability. The stochastic formulation derived in this paper gives us an approximation of the gradients collection in a fashion without the recursive calculation. This approximation can realize not only a faster calculation of the gradient, but also stable control for chaotic dynamics. Due to the non-recursive calculation. without respect to the time evolutions, the running times of this approximation grow only about as N$^2$ compared to as N$\^$5/T that is of the direct calculation method. It is also shown by simulation studies that the approximation is a robust formulation for the network size and that proposed method can control the chaos dynamics in recurrent neural networks efficiently.
Effect of Activator on Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching of White Ledger
Sakai, Kokki,Kondo, Ryuichiro,Ahn, Byoung Jun,Paik, Ki Hyon 한국공업화학회 2001 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.7 No.5
The effectiveness of novel activators in the hydrogen peroxide bleaching of white ledger was investigated. With the addition of 1% sodium persulfate, 4% Prestogen EB, and thiourea(molar ratio to residual hydrogen peroxide=1/2) to hydrogen peroxide bleaching, the brightness of the bleached pulps increased by up to 2∼3 points when compared to hydrogen peroxide bleaching with conventional activators. The effectiveness of the activators in enhancing the brightness was in the order of Prestogen EB, thioruea, sodium persulfate and silicates. The strengths of the pulps bleached by hydrogen peroxide with the novel activators were slightly lower or similar to those of the pulps bleached by conventional hydrogen peroxide. In particular, the addition of sodium persulfate produced a more marked decrease in the tensile index of the bleached pulp. Accordingly, sequential oxidative and reductive bleaching with the addition of thiourea to the residual hydrogen peroxide was found to be most effective in view of th bleaching chemical cost, brightness gains, and strength of the bleached pulps.