Differentiation of antimicrobial toxicity and sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in an orthopedic burn patient in India: a case report

Saini Parampreet Singh,Aggarwal Ankita,Saini Tarunpreet 대한외상학회 2025 대한외상학회지 Vol.38 No.1

Drug-induced thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and leukopenia are serious, and sometimes fatal, complications of common medications. These conditions are challenging to diagnose in patients with polytrauma injuries due to the presence of multiple potential etiologies. In such clinical scenarios, sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation is a more frequent diagnosis. The clinical manifestations of these conditions can be indistinguishable. We present the case of a 32-year-old man who sustained a left open grade 2 leg fracture and 18% to 20% second-degree superficial electrical flash burns on his right leg. Following primary management, skin testing for antibiotic sensitivity was performed, and prophylactic therapy with ceftriaxone, gentamycin, and metronidazole was initiated for the grossly contaminated wounds. On the second day of emergency admission, the patient developed hepatorenal dysfunction accompanied by severe thrombocytopenia (<30×103/mm3). The suspected antimicrobial agents were discontinued by the third day. Within 48 hours, the patient’s hepatorenal function markedly improved; however, the blood dyscrasia progressed to severe pancytopenia over the next few days. Despite worsening parameters, the patient’s vitals were maintained, and he exhibited no overt bleeding. On the fourth day, the patient developed opportunistic fungal bronchopneumonia, indicated by bilateral lower lobe infiltrates on chest x-ray and an elevated serum galactomannan level. He received supportive care, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and antifungal treatment, with a full recovery within 2 weeks. Antibiotic toxicity must be distinguished from other medical conditions to ensure appropriate management and a favorable prognosis.

Three-dimensional computer navigation in the reconstruction of complex unilateral orbital fractures: evaluation and review of applications

Parampreet Singh Saini,Rajesh Kumar,Manu Saini,Tarush Gupta,Sunil Gaba,Ramesh Kumar Sharma 대한두개안면성형외과학회 2024 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.25 No.4

Background: The eyes are the central aesthetic unit of the face. Maxillofacial trauma can alter facial proportions and affect visual function with varying degrees of severity. Conventional approaches to reconstruction have numerous limitations, making the process challenging. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the application of three-dimensional (3D) navigation in complex unilateral orbital reconstruction. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted over 19 months (January 2020 to July 2021), with consecutive enrollment of 12 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Each patient was followed for a minimum period of 6 months. The principal investigator carried out a comparative analysis of several factors, including fracture morphology, orbital volume, globe projection, diplopia, facial morphic changes, lid retraction, and infraorbital nerve hypoesthesia. Results: Nine patients had impure orbital fractures, while the remainder had pure fractures. The median orbital volume on the normal side (30.12 cm3; interquartile range [IQR], 28.45–30.64) was comparable to that of the reconstructed orbit (29.67 cm3; IQR, 27.92–31.52). Diplopia improved significantly (T(10) = 2.667, p= 0.02), although there was no statistically significant improvement in globe projection. Gross symmetry of facial landmarks was achieved, with comparable facial width-to-height ratio and palpebral fissure lengths. Two patients reported infraorbital hypoesthesia at presentation, which persisted at the 6-month follow-up. Additionally, five patients developed lower lid retraction (1–2 mm), and one experienced implant impingement at the infraorbital border. Conclusion: Our study provides level II evidence supporting the use of 3D navigation to improve surgical outcomes in complex orbital reconstruction.

Characterization of nutritionally important phytoconstituents in bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) fruits by HPLC–DAD and GC–MS

Saini, R. K.,Keum, Y. S. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 Journal of food measurement & characterization Vol.11 No.1

<P>Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is the traditional vegetable used as medicinal food, in different parts of the world, including Korea and China. Little is known about its bioactive composition aside from its health-promoting properties. Therefore, the present work aimed to determine the content of carotenoids, tocopherols, folates and fatty acids in bitter melon fruits. Using HPLC-DAD, six major carotenoids were quantified in fruits; all-E-lutein was recorded in highest quantity, followed by all-E-beta-carotene and alpha-carotene, with 79.5, 17.6 and 1.5 % of total carotenoids, respectively. A high content of alpha-tocopherol (42.93 mu g/g FW) and total folate (0.724 mu g/g FW) was also recorded in fruits using HPLC-DAD and microbiological assay, respectively. The total lipid content of 1.79 % was recorded in fresh fruits (FW). Using GC-MS, sixteen fatty acids were identified in lipid fraction; alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; C18:3) was found in highest quantity (44.33 %) followed by palmitic acid (C16:0) (29.64 %), and linoleic acid (C18:2) (10.32 %). Melon fruits contain a low amount of saturated fatty acid and high-mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids, in the form of ALA. Knowledge of bioactive composition in bitter melon fruit will be useful for proper diet recommendations and also for nutrient database updating.</P>

Significance of Genetic, Environmental, and Pre- and Postharvest Factors Affecting Carotenoid Contents in Crops: A Review

Saini, Ramesh Kumar,Keum, Young-Soo American Chemical Society 2018 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.66 No.21

<P>Carotenoids are a diverse group of tetraterpenoid pigments that play indispensable roles in plants and animals. The biosynthesis of carotenoids in plants is strictly regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in accordance with inherited genetic signals and developmental requirements and in response to external environmental stimulants. The alteration in the biosynthesis of carotenoids under the influence of external environmental stimulants, such as high light, drought, salinity, and chilling stresses, has been shown to significantly influence the nutritional value of crop plants. In addition to these stimulants, several pre- and postharvesting cultivation practices significantly influence carotenoid compositions and contents. Thus, this review discusses how various environmental stimulants and pre- and postharvesting factors can be positively modulated for the enhanced biosynthesis and accumulation of carotenoids in the edible parts of crop plants, such as the leaves, roots, tubers, flowers, fruit, and seeds. In addition, future research directions in this context are identified.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Growth of <tex> ${\rm Bi}_{2}{\rm Sr}_{2}{\rm Ca}_{2}{\rm Cu}_{3}{\rm O}_{10+\delta}$</tex> (Bi-2223) Single Crystal Whiskers

Saini, S.,Kim, S.-J. IEEE 2009 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.19 No.3

<P>We prepared Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Sr<SUB>2</SUB>Ca<SUB>2</SUB>Cu<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>10+delta</SUB>(Bi-2223) single crystal whiskers from a precursor of Bi<SUB>2</SUB>Sr<SUB>2</SUB>Ca<SUB>2</SUB>Cu<SUB>2middot5</SUB>Te<SUB>0middot5</SUB>O<SUB>x</SUB> using the solid state reaction method. Te was used to enhance the growth of the whiskers. High-purity commercial powder of Bi<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, SrCO<SUB>3</SUB>, CaCO<SUB>3</SUB>, CuO and TeO<SUB>2</SUB> were mixed and calcinated in air at 760degC to 820degC for three times. The calcinated powder was pressed into a pellet and heat treated at 880degC for 100 hours. Prior to that, the pellet was heat treated at 890degC for 15 minutes and cooled down to 880degC in 30 minutes. During the process, we used an oxygen atmosphere with a constant flow of 150 ml/min and found whiskers on the surface of the pellet. We determined that the important processing factors to grow whiskers are temperature, Te doping and the ratio of Ca and Cu. To study electrical transport characteristics, we fabricated a stack with an area of 2 mum times 2 mum and height of approximately 300 nm using focused ion beam (FIB) etching method. The stack has about two hundred of elementary junctions along the <I>c</I>-axis. A sharp and single phase transition in <I>ab</I>-plane (T<SUB>c</SUB> ap 108 K) shows high crystallinity of single crystal whiskers. Critical current density of 1 times 10<SUP>3</SUP> A/cm<SUP>2</SUP> has estimated from current (I)-voltage (V) characteristics in <I>c</I>-axis at 30 K. A well-defined superconducting gap (Vg ap 2 V) also exists in I-V characteristics, which corresponds to number of elementary Josephson junctions.</P>

Incidence of Renal Tract Abnormalities on Ultrasonography in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Retrospective Pilot Study of a Military Cohort Undergoing Long-Term Institutional Rehabilitation

Saini Mandeep,Kataruka Mohit,Gogoi Biraj,Sharma Vyom,Madan Gurdarshdeep Singh,Sood Chetan 대한척추외과학회 2022 Asian Spine Journal Vol.16 No.2

Study Design: Retrospective pilot study. Purpose: To assess the incidence of renal tract abnormalities using ultrasonography (US) in a military cohort with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) at a tertiary level spinal cord injury center. Overview of Literature: Neurogenic bladder in TSCI patients results in significant urological morbidity. There is lack of data for these patients during the first 18 months of long-term rehabilitation in an institutional setting. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patient records to collect data on demographic characteristics, injury level, injury severity, time since injury, bladder management methods (such as an indwelling catheter [IC], clean intermittent catheterization [CIC], or self-voiding [S]); we correlated these data with the findings of the renal tract US. Results: The study included 73 out of 81 male participants. The mean patient age was 29.99 years; the study group included 34.2% tetraplegics and 65.8% people with paraplegia. The time since injury was 6–12 months for 42.5% of the subjects and 12–18 months for 57.5% of the subjects. A normal US scan was recorded in 65.7% patients, and bladder trabeculation was the commonest finding in 15.1% of the subjects, followed by hydronephrosis (HDN) in 12.3%, and renal calculus and atrophy in 1.3% participants each. We found 22.22% of the IC group participants had higher US abnormalities than those in the reflex voiding group (statistically non-significant difference, p=0.7). Trabeculations (21.4%) and HDN (19%) were more common in those who had sustained the injury 12–18 months previously as compared to that in those who had injured themselves 6–12 months previously (p=0.04). The proportion of patients who had a normal US scan was higher in the group who sustained the injury 6–12 months previously versus those who had sustained the injury 12–18 months previously; the difference was statistically significant (p=0.02). There was no significant (p=0.72) correlation in the bladder management method, injury level, and renal tract abnormalities between the groups. Conclusions: This retrospective study shows that 65% of TSCI participants had no renal tract abnormality on US scan and bladder trabeculation ruled out as the most common finding. Long-term supervised rehabilitation may help achieve good renal quality of life; however, further prospective trials are required on this subject.

An efficient one-step scheme for the purification of major xanthophyll carotenoids from lettuce, and assessment of their comparative anticancer potential

Saini, Ramesh Kumar,Moon, So Hyun,Gansukh, Enkhtaivan,Keum, Young-Soo Elsevier 2018 Food chemistry Vol.266 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The foremost problem in carotenoid research is the excessive cost and difficulty of maintaining pure carotenoid compounds. This work presents an economical, efficient, and simplified one-step scheme for the purification of four major xanthophyll carotenoids from lettuce by utilizing preparative thin layer chromatography on Hyflo-Super-Cel: MgO (Heavy): calcium sulfate hemihydrate (9:9:2 w/w) based adsorbent. The mobile phase of acetone: hexane (1:1) provided the perfect separation of major xanthophylls, resulting in 95–96% purity after just single-step separation, with no interference from chlorophylls or other minor carotenoids. The identity of carotenoids was confirmed by absorption spectroscopy, chemical tests and APCI<SUP>+</SUP>–MS/MS. The proposed scheme can be used to isolate the carotenoids at the analytical and preparative scale. In anticancer studies, among four xanthophylls, 9-<I>Z</I>-neoxanthin was found most potent for reduction of cell viability of cervical (HeLa) and lung cancer (A549) cells, with IC<SUB>50</SUB> values of 3.8 and 7.5 μM, respectively.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hyflo-Super-Cel: MgO: calcium sulfate hemihydrate based adsorbent was used. </LI> <LI> The mobile phase of acetone: hexane (1:1) provided the perfect separation. </LI> <LI> Utilizing proposed scheme carotenoids can be isolated with 95–96% purity. </LI> <LI> 9-<I>Z</I>-neoxanthin is the most potent inhibitor of HeLa and A549 cells proliferation. </LI> </UL> </P>

Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Dietary sources, metabolism, and significance — A review

Saini, Ramesh Kumar,Keum, Young-Soo Elsevier 2018 Life sciences Vol.203 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Linoleic acid (LA) (n−6) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) (n−3) are essential fatty acids (EFAs) as they cannot be synthesized by humans or other higher animals. In the human body, these fatty acids (FAs) give rise to arachidonic acid (ARA, n−6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, n−3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, n−3) that play key roles in regulating body homeostasis. Locally acting bioactive signaling lipids called eicosanoids derived from these FAs also regulate diverse homeostatic processes. In general, ARA gives rise to pro-inflammatory eicosanoids whereas EPA and DHA give rise to anti-inflammatory eicosanoids. Thus, a proportionally higher consumption of n−3 PUFAs can protect us against inflammatory diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and other chronic diseases. The present review summarizes major sources, intake, and global consumption of n−3 and n−6 PUFAs. Their metabolism to biosynthesize long-chain PUFAs and eicosanoids and their roles in brain metabolism, cardiovascular disease, obesity, cancer, and bone health are also discussed.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

An updated review on use of tomato pomace and crustacean processing waste to recover commercially vital carotenoids

Saini, Ramesh Kumar,Moon, So Hyun,Keum, Young-Soo Elsevier 2018 Food Research International Vol.108 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Globally, the amount of food processing waste has become a major concern for environmental sustainability. The valorization of these waste materials can solve the problems of its disposal. Notably, the tomato pomace and crustacean processing waste presents enormous opportunities for the extraction of commercially vital carotenoids, lycopene, and astaxanthin, which have diverse applications in the food, feed, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic industries. Moreover, such waste can generate surplus revenue which can significantly improve the economics of food production and processing. Considering these aspects, many reports have been published on the efficient use of tomato and crustacean processing waste to recover lycopene and astaxanthin. The current review provides up-to-date information available on the chemistry of lycopene and astaxanthin, their extraction methods that use environmentally friendly green solvents to minimize the impact of toxic chemical solvents on health and environment. Future research challenges in this context are also identified.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Valorization of tomato pomace and crustacean processing waste is proposed. </LI> <LI> Processing waste present unlimited opportunities for the extraction of carotenoids. </LI> <LI> SC-CO<SUB>2</SUB> extraction is the most suitable to recover carotenoids from processing waste. </LI> <LI> Animal feed is the most prominent sector of the applications of astaxanthin. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Minified dose of urispas drug as better corrosion constraint for soft steel in sulphuric acid solution

Saini, Nisha,Kumar, Rajeev,Lgaz, Hssane,Salghi, Rachid,Chung, Ill-Min,Kumar, Sumit,Lata, Suman Elsevier 2018 Journal of molecular liquids Vol.269 No.-

<P>Corrosion protective performance of commercial mild steel (soft steel) by urispas drug was evaluated by gravimetric measurements, potentiostatic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 1 M H2SO4 solution. The results indicate that urispas acts as quite a good corrosion constraint for mild steel exhibiting 97.85% inhibition efficiency at 150 ppm of the drug at 303 K on polarizing it electrochemically which is a quite minified amount of urispas. Weight loss study also shows that inhibition efficiency gets optimized at 150 ppm of the drug molecule at lower temperature. Polarization curves depict that the drug acts as a mixed type inhibitor. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicate that the charge transfer phenomenon controlled the corrosion reaction. The morphological behavior of the uncorroded and corroded coupons was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy studies. The mechanism of adsorption from the variation of inhibition effectiveness with kinetic and activation parameter through Langmuir, Freundlich, Frumkin and Flory-Huggins isotherm, put forward a significant physiochemical mode of interaction of the drug on the metal surface. The outcomes obtained from all the experimental techniques and the information obtained via molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) evaluation are in good correlation. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>