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Muhammad Shabbir Shakir,Muhammad Kaleem Khosa,Khalid Mahmood Zia,Muhammad Saeed,Tanveer Hussain Bokhari,Muhammad Abid Zia 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.11
The Present study deals with synthesis of PVC/ABS/ZnO nanocomposites with Zinc oxide nanoparticles of particle size less than 50 nm by sonication and solution casting techniques. After characterization, such nanocomposite materials were subjected to thermal study, antibiofilm, antibacterial and antioxidant screening. Nanocomposites films showed higher thermal stability than pure polymer matrix loaded with different ZnO-Nps concentration with homogeneous distribution. Antibacterial studies were carried out against selected gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Selective antibiofilm activity was studied against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which showed a higher to lower activity as a model pathogenic strains (~93 and ~89 at 160 g/ml concentration, respectively), while free radical scavenging capacity was assessed by DPPH, ABTH·+ and FRAP methods. PVC/ABS/ZnO nanocomposite showed larger zones of inhibition and higher antibiofilm and antioxidant activity than PVC/ABS polymer matrix. PVC/ABS/ZnO nanocomposite showed enhanced thermal stability and biological properties that qualify them for different biomedical and industrial applications.
Muhammad Ajaz Hussain,Khawar Abbas,Muhammad Sher,Muhammad Nawaz Tahir,Wolfgang Tremel,Mohammad Saeed Iqbal,Muhammad Amin,Munair Badshah 한국고분자학회 2011 Macromolecular Research Vol.19 No.12
This article presents the synthesis of novel hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)-aspirin (ASP) conjugates,i.e. macromolecular prodrugs, through the reaction of HPMC with ASP after its in situ activation by 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride. The highly pure ASP prodrugs obtained by this homogeneous and elegant esterification method were characterized using different spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. Nanoparticulate drug design was successfully achieved by the conversion of free hydroxyls of the polymer into acetates. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed nanoparticle formation with the major population size distribution of around 450 nm. Nevertheless, the pharmacokinetics of the HPMC conjugates were studied using high performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic data indicated that a single dose of 132.6 mg of HPMC-ASP was well tolerated in animal studies without any adverse effects. The maximum plasma concentration (C_max) of HPMC-ASP was found to be 14.6 μg·L^-1 with a t_max of 1 h. The plasma half-life and clearance and the volume of HPMC-ASP distribution were 4.6 h, 3.23 L·h^-1, and 21.8 L·kg^-1, respectively. The elimination of HPMC-ASP followed first-order kinetics with r^2 of 0.9643. The results presented in this paper show the great potential of HPMCASP as a more effective, safe, and stable prodrug.
Rehman Aziz Ur,Javed Muhammad Tariq,Ahmed Ishtiaq,Saeed Muhammad Adnan,Ehtisham-ul-Haque Syed,Rafique Muhammad Kamran,Sikandar Arbab,Nasir Amar,Ahmad Latif,Kashif Muhammad,Zeeshan Muhammad Abid 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.9
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle and buffaloes at twelve public dairy farms in Punjab, Pakistan.Methods: A total of 2,181 more than two-year-old animals (1,242 cattle and 939 buffaloes) were tested by avian tuberculin, i.e., killed purified protein derivative of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> paratuberculosis and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood and fecal samples were collected from tuberculin positive animals. These samples were further processed by indirect ELISA. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis and logistic analysis procedures.Results: The prevalence of paratuberculosis at public dairy farms was 3.8%, as determined by tuberculin+ELISA test. It varied from 0.71% to 13.5% with a 100% herd prevalence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that species, milk production, total animals, total small ruminants, and total buffaloes were significantly associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis. Odd ratio analysis revealed that with a one-kilogram increase in body weight, there will be a 0.006% increase in disease occurrence. With the increase in one animal in small ruminants and buffaloes, there will be 0.008% and 0.42% greater chances of developing paratuberculosis, respectively. Bivariate logistic regression analysis of cattle and buffaloes revealed that farm number, age, and total number of cattle were significantly associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis. A one-month increase in lactation length increases the chance of tuberculosis by 0.004%; similarly, a one-liter increase in milk production increases the chance of disease by 10%. With each additional buffalo in the herd, there will be a 0.007% greater chance for the occurrence of paratuberculosis.Conclusion: This study concluded that tuberculin testing can be used in conjunction with ELISA to screen animals for paratuberculosis in countries with scarce resources, such as Pakistan. The efficacy of disease diagnosis can be improved by combining multiple tests. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle and buffaloes at twelve public dairy farms in Punjab, Pakistan. Methods: A total of 2,181 more than two-year-old animals (1,242 cattle and 939 buffaloes) were tested by avian tuberculin, i.e., killed purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood and fecal samples were collected from tuberculin positive animals. These samples were further processed by indirect ELISA. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis and logistic analysis procedures. Results: The prevalence of paratuberculosis at public dairy farms was 3.8%, as determined by tuberculin+ELISA test. It varied from 0.71% to 13.5% with a 100% herd prevalence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that species, milk production, total animals, total small ruminants, and total buffaloes were significantly associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis. Odd ratio analysis revealed that with a one-kilogram increase in body weight, there will be a 0.006% increase in disease occurrence. With the increase in one animal in small ruminants and buffaloes, there will be 0.008% and 0.42% greater chances of developing paratuberculosis, respectively. Bivariate logistic regression analysis of cattle and buffaloes revealed that farm number, age, and total number of cattle were significantly associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis. A one-month increase in lactation length increases the chance of tuberculosis by 0.004%; similarly, a one-liter increase in milk production increases the chance of disease by 10%. With each additional buffalo in the herd, there will be a 0.007% greater chance for the occurrence of paratuberculosis. Conclusion: This study concluded that tuberculin testing can be used in conjunction with ELISA to screen animals for paratuberculosis in countries with scarce resources, such as Pakistan. The efficacy of disease diagnosis can be improved by combining multiple tests.
A novel method for shape from focus in microscopy using Bezier surface approximation
Muhammad, Mannan Saeed,Choi, Tae-Sun Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Microscopy research and technique Vol.73 No.2
<P>In this article, we introduce a novel shape from focus method to compute 3D shape of microscopic objects, based on modified-pixel intensities and Bezier surface approximations. A new and simple but effective focus measure is proposed. In our focus measure, the original intensities of a sequence of small neighborhood are modified by subtracting the maximum of the values of first and last frames. An initial depth map is calculated by finding the maximum of the pixel's focused energy and its corresponding frame number. Missing information between two consecutive frames, false depth detection, and enhancement of noise related intensities may provide inaccurate depth map. To overcome these problems and to produce an accurate depth map, we proposed Bezier surface approximation. The proposed method is tested using synthetic and real image sequences. The comparative analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
Muhammad SAEED,Laiba ASIF,Bassma AKHRIF,Abdul Wajid MOROOJO 한국유통과학회 2023 Asian Journal of Business Environment (AJBE) Vol.13 No.3
The purpose of this research was to examine the implementation of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and its impact on customer-centric factors such as customer satisfaction, customer acquisition, customer retention, and customer loyalty within the restaurant sector of Istanbul, Turkey. Research design, data, and methodology: The questionnaire was used to collect information using a descriptive methodology. Using a 'stratified sampling method,' 520 customer responses were gathered. The questionnaire was written clearly and concisely, and responses were marked on a 5-point Likert scale. Results: Based on the data, it is clear that CRM has a significant positive effect on the customer-centric characteristics that contribute to organizations’ successful and sustainable performance in the modern, competitive market. We found that CRM has positive effects on customer satisfaction (β=0.362, p=0.000), customer acquisition (β=0.310, p=0.000), customer retention (β=0.246, p=0.000), and customer loyalty (β=0.292, p=0.000). Conclusion: This paper makes a noteworthy contribution by addressing the gap in knowledge through its focus on CRM and other relevant factors. It will aid marketing managers and customer relationship officers in effectively administering the CRM system to uphold customer loyalty, retention, and acquisition.
STRONG CONVERGENCE OF NEW VISCOSITY RULES OF NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS
Muhammad Saeed Ahmad,Waqas Nazeer,Mobeen Munir,Sayed Fakhar Abbas Naqvi,강신민 한국전산응용수학회 2017 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.35 No.5
The aim of this paper is to present two new viscosity rules for nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces. Under some assumptions, the strong convergence theorems of the purposed new viscosity rules are proved. Some applications are also included.
Foot-and-mouth disease: overview of motives of disease spread and efficacy of available vaccines
Saeed, Ali,Kanwal, Sehrish,Arshad, Memoona,Ali, Muhammad,Shaikh, Rehan Sadiq,Abubakar, Muhammad Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.4
Control and prevention of foot and mouth disease (FMD) by vaccination remains unsatisfactory in endemic countries. Indeed, consistent and new FMD epidemics in previously disease-free countries have precipitated the need for a worldwide control strategy. Outbreaks in vaccinated animals require that a new and safe vaccine be developed against foot and mouth virus (FMDV). FMDV can be eradicated worldwide based on previous scientific information about its spread using existing and modern control strategies.
Muhammad Saeed,Zoya Afzal,Fatima Afzal,Rifat Ullah Khan,Shaaban S. Elnesr,Mahmoud Alagawany,Huayou Chen 한국축산식품학회 2023 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.43 No.6
Health-promoting preparations of inanimate microorganisms or their components are postbiotics. Since probiotics are sensitive to heat and oxygen, postbiotics are stable during industrial processing and storage. Postbiotics boost poultry growth, feed efficiency, intestinal pathogen reduction, and health, making them acceptable drivers of sustainable poultry production. It contains many important biological properties, such as immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory responses. Postbiotics revealed promising antioxidant effects due to higher concentrations of uronic acid and due to some enzyme’s production of antioxidants, e.g., superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidases and peroxidases. Postbiotics improve intestinal villi, increase lactic acid production, and reduce Enterobacteriaceae and fecal pH, all of which lead to a better immune reaction and health of the gut, as well as better growth performance. P13K/AKT as a potential target pathway for postbiotics-improved intestinal barrier functions. Similarly, postbiotics reduce yolk and plasma cholesterol levels in layers and improve egg quality. It was revealed that favorable outcomes were obtained with various inclusion levels at 1 kg and 0.5 kg. According to several studies, postbiotic compounds significantly increased poultry performance. This review article presents the most recent research investigating the beneficial results of postbiotics in poultry.