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Verma Sweta,Ramani Ranganathan,Sachan Ashish,Chandra Ramesh 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.1
The Indian lac insect, Kerria lacca (Kerr) exhibits a highly variable sex ratio, apparently influenced by various environmental factors, in the absence of a chromosomal sex determination mechanism. The endosymbiont Wolbachia, well known as sex ratio distorter, was reported in this species but its role in the sex determination of the host has hitherto remained unexplored. Distinct variation in the presence of Wolbachia was observed in relation to the developmental stages and the sexes of K. lacca as well as the host plant species; adult males of W + whereas adult females are W-. The post-settlement environmental factors such as host plant, season and ge netic makeup affect the sex ratio in this insect, probably mediated through Wolbachia dynamics. Denser settle ment of the crawlers led to comparatively higher Wolbachia presence with an elevated sex ratio. Suppression of Wolbachia through antibiotic administration resulted in a nearly threefold increase in the sex ratio. Distinct transitions in the proportion of insects with heterochromatic genome (cytological males) have been observed during the first instar on different host plants, indicating that changes in the sex ratio occur during early development phase. Environmental factors appear to influence Wolbachia, which in turn brings about sex ratio changes, probably mediated through changes in juvenile hormone levels, as the male and female lac insects show distinct modes of metamorphosis.
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Hirdaya Hulas Nag,Phani Kumar Nekarakanti,Ashish Sachan,Prithviraj Nabi,Sonam Tyagi 한국간담췌외과학회 2021 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.25 No.4
Backgrounds/Aims: Extended cholecystectomy (EC) is the mainstay of treatment in most patients with potentially curable gallbladder cancer (GBC). The optimum extent of hepatic resection in EC is debatable. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on patients with GBC who received EC from May 2009 to February 2019. Based on the extent of hepatic resection, patients were divided into ECB (EC involving bi-segmentectomy s4b&5) and ECW (EC involving wedge hepatic resection) groups. Patients with T1 GBC, T4 GBC, and benign diseases were excluded. Post-exclusion, both groups were matched for T and N stage. Matched groups were then compared. Results: Out of a total of 161 patients who received EC, 86 patients had ECB and 75 patients had ECW. After exclusion and matching, both ECB and ECW groups had 35 patients. Their demographic and clinical profiles were comparable. Surgical blood loss (p = 0.005) and postoperative complication rate (p = 0.035) were significantly less in the ECB group. For ECB vs. ECW, mean recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 58.2 months vs. 42.3 months (p = 0.264) and overall survival (OS) was 61.5 months vs. 43.4 months (p = 0.161). On univariate analysis, higher T and N stages were associated with poor prognosis. On multivariate analysis, higher T stage, N stage, and American Society of Anaesthesiologists grade were associated with poor RFS and OS. Conclusions: The survival after ECB for T2 and T3 GBC was not significantly superior to that after ECW. However, surgical blood loss and postoperative complications were lower following ECB.
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