Calculations of AC magnetic losses from the experimental field profiles in various types of coated conductors under applied fields

Yoo, J,Lee, S,Jung, Y,Lee, J,Youm, D,Ha, H,Kim, H,Ko, R-K,Oh, S Institute of Physics 2008 Journal of physics. Conference series Vol.97 No.1

<P>We measured the field profiles, <I>H</I>(<I>x,H</I><SUB>a</SUB>) s, near the surface of coated conductors (CCs) by using the scanning Hall probe method. The samples were SmBCO-CC tape fabricated by co-evaporation method and YBCO-CC tape fabricated by PLD method. The applied fields, <I>H</I><SUB>a</SUB>s, were decreased from <I>H</I><SUB>peak</SUB>to -<I>H</I><SUB>peak</SUB> stepwise. From the values of <I>H</I>(<I>x,H</I><SUB>a</SUB>), we calculated the current profiles, <I>J</I>(<I>x,H</I><SUB>a</SUB>) s, by the inversion method. From the values of <I>J</I>(<I>x,H</I><SUB>a</SUB>) and the corresponding flux densities, we calculated the hysteretic energy losses per cycle, <I>Q</I><SUB>M</SUB>s, for various <I>H</I><SUB>peak</SUB>s. From the values of <I>Q</I><SUB>M</SUB>, we calculated the characteristic functions, <I>g</I>s, by using the relation, <I>g</I>= π<I>Q</I><SUB>M</SUB>/μ<SUB>0</SUB><I>I</I><SUP>2</SUP><SUB>c</SUB>. Here, <I>I</I><SUB>c</SUB> is the critical current. For the range of <I>H</I><SUB>peak</SUB>/<I>H</I><SUB>c</SUB>≤ 3, the <I>g</I>-values of SmBCO CC tape were larger than those of YBCO CC tape. However, for the range of <I>H</I><SUB>peak</SUB>/<I>H</I><SUB>c</SUB> ≥ 3, the <I>g</I>-values of SmBCO CC tape were smaller than those of YBCO CC tape. When <I>H</I><SUB>peak</SUB>/<I>H</I><SUB>c</SUB> = 3, both sample show almost same value of <I>g.</I>However we found qualitatively different <I>J–B</I> hysteretic curves for both samples. We also compared our <I>g</I>-values with other <I>g</I>-values, which were directly measured by energy loss experiments. Our <I>g</I>-values of YBCO CC tapes were basically similar to the Brandt's theoretical values of <I>g</I> in the most range of <I>I</I><SUB>peak</SUB> in our measurements.</P>

Effects of HA and NA glycosylation pattern changes on the transmission of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in guinea pigs

Park, S.,Lee, I.,Kim, J.I.,Bae, J.Y.,Yoo, K.,Kim, J.,Nam, M.,Park, M.,Yun, S.H.,Cho, W.I.,Kim, Y.S.,Ko, Y.Y.,Park, M.S. Academic Press 2016 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.479 No.2

Avian influenza H7N9 virus has posed a concern of potential human-to-human transmission by resulting in seasonal virus-like human infection cases. To address the issue of sustained human infection with the H7N9 virus, here we investigated the effects of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) N-linked glycosylation (NLG) patterns on influenza virus transmission in a guinea pig model. Based on the NLG signatures identified in the HA and NA genetic sequences of H7N9 viruses, we generated NLG mutant viruses using either HA or NA gene of a H7N9 virus, A/Anhui/0½013, by reverse genetics on the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus backbone. For the H7 HA NLG mutant viruses, NLG pattern changes appeared to reduce viral transmissibility in guinea pigs. Intriguingly, however, the NLG changes in the N9 NA protein, such as a removal from residue 42 or 66 or an addition at residue 266, increased transmissibility of the mutant viruses by more than 33%, 50%, and 16%, respectively, compared with a parental N9 virus. Given the effects of HA-NA NLG changes with regard to viral transmission, we then generated the HA-NA NLG mutant viruses harboring the H7 HA of double NLG addition and the N9 NA of various NLG patterns. As seen in the HA NLG mutants above, the double NLG-added H7 HA decreased viral transmissibility. However, when the NA NLG changes occurred by a removal of residue 66 and an addition at 266 were additionally accompanied, the HA-NA NLG mutant virus recovered the transmissibility of its parental virus. These demonstrate the effects of specific HA-NA NLG changes on the H7N9 virus transmission by highlighting the importance of a HA-NA functional balance.

GENEDIA Multi Influenza Ag Rapid Test for detection and H1, H3, and H5 subtyping of influenza viruses

Jang, J.W.,Ko, S.Y.,Byoun, M.S.,Sung, H.W.,Lim, C.S. Elsevier Science 2015 Journal of clinical virology Vol.73 No.-

Background: Rapid identification and subtype determination of influenza virus is important in managing infected patients. Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) are widely used in this manner, but most can only detect influenza A and B viruses without subtyping. A new RIDT, GENEDIA Multi Influenza Ag Rapid Test (GENEDIA), was developed for detection of influenza A and B viruses and also subtyping of influenza A to H1, H3, H5 which has not been possible with other RIDTs. Objectives: Assess the performance of GENEDIA. Study design: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 274 clinically suspected patients (influenza A/H1N½009 (n=50), influenza A/H3 (n=50), influenza B (n=73) and influenza-negative (n=101)) and analyzed with the real-time RT-PCR, GENEDIA, SD Bioline Influenza Ag, and Alere BinaxNow Influenza A&B Card. Also, 46 fecal specimens (H5N2 (n=3), H5N3 (n=3)) of spot-billed duck were analyzed with RT-PCR and GENEDIA. Results: Compared to real-time RT-PCR, the sensitivities of GENEDIA, SD Bioline Influenza Ag, and Alere BinaxNow Influenza A&B Card were 73.0%, 57.0%, 58.0% for influenza A, respectively, and 68.5%, 65.8%, 57.5% for influenza B, respectively. Specifically, the sensitivity of GENEDIA was 70.0% for influenza A/H1N½009 and 76.0% for influenza A/H3. From the avian influenza samples, GENEDIA detected all six H5 subtype without any cross-reactions. Conclusion: The GENEDIA Multi Influenza Ag Rapid Test was sensitive in detecting influenza viruses compared with other commercial RIDTs and also useful for rapid subtype determination of influenza A.

Key Features in the Operation of KSTAR

Jong-Gu Kwak,Oh, Y. K.,Kim, K. P.,Kim, S. W.,Hong, S. H.,Chu, Y.,Lee, H. J.,Kim, Y. O.,Kim, J.,Park, S. L.,Hahn, S. H.,Park, M. K.,Kim, H. K.,Bak, J. G.,Bae, Y. S.,Ko, W. H.,Lee, S. G.,Lee, J. H.,Jung IEEE 2012 IEEE transactions on plasma science Vol.40 No.3

<P>The Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device is aimed at advanced tokamak (AT) research. Three years have passed since it achieved its first plasma in 2008. Because it is a superconducting machine and is working toward AT research, it has unique features in terms of the machine engineering and operation. The toroidal field (TF) magnet coils are made of Nb<SUB>3</SUB>Sn, which provide high TFs up to 3.5 T, and have been fully tested. The poloidal field (PF) magnet coils, consisting of both Nb<SUB>3</SUB>Sn and NbTi, which have a maximum current of 25 kA in their design, were tested up to 15 kA. A thermal hydraulic analysis is being conducted for PF magnet coil operation. All plasma-facing components (PFCs) are equipped with water cooled graphite tiles and have the capability of being baked up to 350°C. A startup scenario, which considered both the effect of the ferromagnetic material in the cable in conduit conductor jacket of the magnet coils as well as a nonferromagnetic up-down asymmetry in the cryostat structure, was developed and demonstrated its effectiveness by the last two year's reliable operations. Passive stabilizers and in-vessel control coils (IVCCs) are key components to realize AT operation in KSTAR. The segmented IVCC coils were connected to form circular coils for internal vertical control in 2010, and diverted plasmas with high elongation (κ~1.8, δ>;0.6) were achieved. A neutral beam injection (NBI) system was developed aiming at 2 MW, 300 s per ion source which meets the long-pulse requirement of KSTAR. An NBI ion source with a power of 1.7 MW at 100 kV has been commissioned for 10 s. Finally, ELMy H-modes were successfully produced with 1.3-MW NBI power at a plasma current of 0.6 MA in the 2010 campaign. The first H-mode discharge (#4200) in KSTAR was achieved one year earlier than officially planned and was done at B<SUB>T</SUB> = 2 T with I<SUB>p</SUB> = 0.6 MA in a well-balanced double null configuration after boronization on the PFC. Successful operations in the early days of KSTAR including H-mode experiments revealed the capability of advanced and steady-state operation which is essential for the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) and future fusion reactors.</P>

Fermentation for Liquid-type Yogurt with Lactobacillus casei 911LC

Ko, I.H.,Wang, M.K.,Jeon, B.J.,Kwak, H.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.1

This study was carried out to find the attributes for liquid-type yogurt with Lactobacillus casei 911LC during 72 h fermentation at $37^{\circ}C$. The pH decreased up to 32 h and plauteaued thereafter, and the titratable acidity increased up to 40 h. The growth of lactic acid bacteria sharply increased with $3.5{\times}10^7$ cfu/ml up to 40 h of fermentation and slowly decreased thereafter. The free amino acids produced during fermentation reached the maximum value at 44 h and gradually decreased thereafter. Bitterness sensory scores were the highest at 44 h of fermentation. In the result of electrophoresis, the band mostly disappeared at 72 h fermentation. The present data showed that the range of optimum fermentation time for liquid-type yogurt using Lactobacillus casei 911LC was from 40 to 44 h.

Characteristics of toroidal rotation and ion temperature pedestals between ELM bursts in KSTAR H-mode plasmas

Ko, S. H.,Kwon, J. M.,Ko, W. H.,Kim, S. S.,Jhang, H.,Terzolo, L. American Institute of Physics, 2016 Physics of plasmas Vol.23 No.6

Search for the H Dibaryon in (K-, K+) Reactions

Bahk,S. Y.,Chung,K. S,Chung,S. H.,Funahashi,H.,Hahn,C. H.,Hara,T.,Hirata,S.,Hoshino,K.,Ieiri,M.,Iijima,T.,Imai,K.,Ishigami,T.,Itow,Y.,Kazuno,M.,Kikuchi,K.,Kim,C. O.,Kim,D. C.,Kim,J. Y.,Kobayashi,M.,Ko 國立昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1992 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.3 No.-

We have studied(??) reactions from an emulsion target. The S--2H dibaryon has been searched for by the analysis of the ??? momentum spectrum together with emulsion data. No evidence of H production was observed in the mass range of 1.90-2.16 GeV/c². Upper limits for the production cross section of the H are (0.2-0.6)% of that for the quasifree ??? production at the 90% confidence level.

Anticonvulsant effect of wogonin isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis

Park, H.G.,Yoon, S.Y.,Choi, J.Y.,Lee, G.S.,Choi, J.H.,Shin, C.Y.,Son, K.H.,Lee, Y.S.,Kim, W.K.,Ryu, J.H.,Ko, K.H.,Cheong, J.H. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2007 european journal of pharmacology Vol.574 No.2

In previous studies, we identified sedative effects of Scutellaria baicalensis extracts and found that these extracts or their constituents may also have anticonvulsive effects. Wogonin is a natural product isolated from S. baicalensis, which possesses central nervous system effects such as anxiolytic and neuroprotective activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of wogonin on convulsion related behaviors, such as myorelaxation, motor coordination, and anticonvulsant effects of wogonin on chemical induced seizure and electroshock seizure in mice or rats. The effect of wogonin on membrane potential was also observed. Wogonin was intraperitoneally injected into mice or rats 30 min prior to testing. Animals treated with wogonin did not change locomotor activities as well as endurance times on the rota-rod, which indicates that wogonin did not cause a sedative and myorelaxation effect. Wogonin significantly blocked convulsion induced by pentylenetetrazole and electroshock but not convulsion induced by strychnine. Wogonin also significantly reduced the electrogenic response score, but flumazenil treatment reversed this decrease to the level of the control group. The wogonin treatment increased Cl<SUP>-</SUP>influx into the intracellular area as dose increased. Flumazenil and bicuculline treatment, however, inhibited the Cl<SUP>-</SUP> influx induced by wogonin. These results indicate that the anticonvulsive effects produced by wogonin were mediated by the GABAergic neuron.

초기성인의 생활습관과 당뇨에 대한 지식

소선이,마지은,고지윤,김은혜,박현화,서유진,서형은,유은미,이하늬,이혜인,정지연,현혜리,이자형,정덕유,강지숙 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2009 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.43

Purposes :The purposes of this study was to investigate the self-managing status according to the life styles and the diabetic knowledge of early adulthood. The subjects in this study were 240people, the early adult aged twenties to thirties living in the metropolitan area. Data were collected by using self-administered questionnaires that measure about the knowledge of diabetes; the dietetic behavior; the knowledge of diet; the exercise behavior; the knowledge of exercise. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation were used for data analysis. Result :1. At the knowledge of diabetes degree based on the general character, the subjects who had experiences of diabetic education have higher degree of the diabetic knowledge. 2. At the knowledge of diabetes degree according to the life style, the subjects who have regular diet are appeared highly. Also the subjects who don't take much food of animal origin have higher degree. 3. At the knowledge of diet based on the life style, the subjects who don't keep three times meals a day are appeared highly. Also the subjects who have regular diet have higher degree. 4. At the knowledge of exercise according to the life style, the subjects who take extra nutritions 3-4 times a week are appeared highly. Although the subjects tend to know about dietary, exercise and health management, it showed that they actually don't perform what they know in their everyday of life. The reason for this could be the lack of perceived seriousness about diabetes mellitus. Thus as nursing professionals, we should provide them proper health education and support. Moreover, advanced research on the empowerment is warranted.

Wall teichoic acid is an essential component of Staphylococcus aureus for the induction of human dendritic cell maturation

Hong, S.J.,Kim, S.K.,Ko, E.B.,Yun, C.H.,Han, S.H. Pergamon Press 2017 Molecular immunology Vol.81 No.-

<P>Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive pathogen that can cause chronic skin inflammation, pneumonia, and septic shock. The immunomodulatory functions of wall teichoic acid (WTA), a glycopolymer abundantly expressed on the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall, are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of WTA in the phenotypic and functional activation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) treated with ethanol-killed S. aureus. WTA-deficient S. aureus mutant (Delta tagO) exhibited attenuated binding and internalization to DCs compared to the wild-type. Delta tagO induced lower expression of maturation markers on and cytokines in DCs than the wild-type S. aureus. Furthermore, autologous human peripheral blood mononuclear cells cocultured with Delta tagO-treated DCs exhibited a marked reduction in T cell proliferative activity, the expression of activation markers, and the production of cytokines compared to the wild-type S. aureus-stimulated DCs. Collectively, these results suggest that WTA is an important cell wall component of S. aureus for the induction of DC maturation and activation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>