볏짚의 사료가치 증진을 위한 적정 알카린 H2O2 처리 수준에 관한 연구

문양수(Y . S . Moon),하종규(J . K . Ha),고종열(J . Y . Ko),최연호(Y . H . Choy),조경훈(G . H . Cho),최윤재(Y . J . Choi),한인규(I . K . Han) 한국축산학회 1990 한국축산학회지 Vol.32 No.10

This study was carried out to determine the adequate levels of alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment for the improvement of nutritive value of rice straw. In vitro digestibility and chemical analysis after several treatments were measured. Treatment variables were soaking time(12, 24, 48 and 96 hrs), temperature(5, 25, 50 and 75℃) of alkaline H₂0₂ solution, H₂0₂ concentration (0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4%) and substrate /solution ratio (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5g/ml). The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The DM digestibilities or rice straw treated with H₂O₂ for 24 and 48 hours were higher than those of the others(p$lt;0.05). There was no differ ences when the rice straw was treated for 12, 72 or 96 hours. Cell wall contents were not affected by the time of treatment. 2. The DM digestibilities were higher at pH 11.5 or above(p$lt;0.05) and was decreased as pH declined. When rice straw was treated with H₂O₂ at pH 11.5 or higher, NDF, ADF and cellulose contents were increased. However, lignin content and DM recovery percentages were decreased. 3. The DM digestibilities were not influenced by the ratio of straw versus liquid. The contents of NDF and cellulose were not affected up to the ratio of 4g rice straw/50m1, but were decreased at 5g rice straw/50m1. Lignin content and DM recovery percentages, however, were increased at 5g rice straw /50m1. 4. The DM digestibilities were not different among treatments at 5, 25 and 50℃. However, the rice straw treated at 75℃ showed lowest digestibility of all treatment (p$lt;0.05). The content of NDF, ADF and cellulose was increased by increasing temperature. However, lignin content and DM recovery percentages were decreased by increasing temperature. 5. The AHP treated rice straw had higher content of ADF and cellulose, and lower content of hemicellulose and lignin as the concentration of H₂O₂, increased. But hemicellulose, lignin and DM recovery percentages were decreased. The NDF content was not different among five different concentrations of H₂0₂ solution. In conculsion, based upon the results of present experiments the most desirable method is to soak rice straw in 1% alkaline H₂0₂ solution at pH 11.5, at room temperatrve (25℃), for 24∼48 hours and at the ratio of 4g rice straw /50m1 solmtion.

Bioabsorbable bone plates enabled with local, sustained delivery of alendronate for bone regeneration

Hur, W.,Park, M.,Lee, J.Y.,Kim, M.H.,Lee, S.H.,Park, C.G.,Kim, S.N.,Min, H.S.,Min, H.J.,Chai, J.H.,Lee, S.J.,Kim, S.,Choi, T.H.,Choy, Y.B. Elsevier Science Publishers 2016 Journal of controlled release Vol.222 No.-

<P>We prepared a bone plate enabled with the local, sustained release of alendronate, which is a drug known to inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and also expedite the bone-remodeling activity of osteoblasts. For this, we coated a bone plate already in clinical use (PLT-1031, Inion, Finland) with a blend of alendronate and a biocompatible polymer, azidobenzoic acid-modified chitosan (i.e., Az-CH) photo-crosslinked by UV irradiation. As we performed the in vitro drug release study, the drug was released from the coating at an average rate of 4.03 mu g/day for 63 days in a sustained manner. To examine the effect on bone regeneration, the plate was fixed on an 8 mm cranial critical size defect in living rats and the newly formed bone volume was quantitatively evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) at scheduled times over 8 weeks. At week 8, the group implanted with the plate enabled with sustained delivery of alendronate showed a significantly higher volume of newly formed bone (52.78 +/- 6.84%) than the groups implanted with the plates without drug (23.6 +/- 3.81%) (p < 0.05). The plate enabled with alendronate delivery also exhibited good biocompatibility on H&E staining, which was comparable to the Inion plate already in clinical use. Therefore, we suggest that a bone plate enabled with local, sustained delivery of alendronate can be a promising system with the combined functionality of bone fixation and its expedited repair. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

韓牛 牝牛의 Body Condition Score가 繁殖形質에 미치는 影響

최성복,최연호,이지웅,백광수,김영근,손삼규,김내수 한국동물자원과학회 2004 한국축산학회지 Vol.46 No.1

Data from five Hanwoo breeding farms were collected to analyze the effects of parity, season, nutrition and reproduction on body conditions of heifers and cows and to analyze the relationships of body conditions with reproductive performances and body growth. Analytic models included farms and parity which were run through SAS to estimate least squares means and correlation coefficients between traits - body condition scores(BCS) of 1(very emaciated) through 9(very obese) scale at service and at calving, calving interval, days to rebreeding, gestation length, number of services per conception. Overall averages were 4.55 for BCS at service, 5.42 for BCS at calving, 406.7days of calving interval, 287.7days of gestation length, 66.2days from calving to first service and 1.78 times of services per conception. Number of services per conception was 1.50~1.74 times for the cows of BCS 5 or under and 2.00~3.00 for those of BCS 6 or higher. Body weight of calves from cows observed averaged 23.3㎏ at birth and 70.7㎏ at weaning. 57 percent of cows showed BCS 4~5 at service while 46 percent of those showed 5~6 at calving. Extimated phenotypic correlation coefficients of BCS at service with BCS at calving, calving interval, gestation length, number of services per conception were low but positive: 0.16, 0.26, 0.08 and 0.06, respectively. Phenotypic correlations of BCS at calving with calving interval, gestation length and number of services per conception were estimated to be also low and positive: 0.10, 0.13 and 0.10, respectively. However, phenotypic correlation between calving interval and gestation length, and between gestation length and number of services per conception were negative but low as - 0.11 and -0.13 each.

Monthly measured primary and new productivities in the Ulleung Basin as a biological "hot spot" in the East/Japan Sea

Kwak, J. H.,Lee, S. H.,Park, H. J.,Choy, E. J.,Jeong, H. D.,Kim, K. R.,Kang, C. K. Copernicus GmbH 2013 Biogeosciences Vol.10 No.7

<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The Ulleung Basin (UB), located in the southwestern part of the East/Japan Sea (EJS), is considered having an unusually high productivity for a deep basin. Recently changes have been reported in physical, chemical, and biological properties. Here we measured the primary and new productivities in the UB using a ¹³C-¹⁵N dual isotope tracer technique. Measurements took place every month for the first time throughout a year for a better estimate of the annual primary production in the EJS. Temporal variations of temperature, salinity, and density (&amp;sigma;_<i>t</i>) in the study area were highly seasonal as expected for an ocean in the temperate zone. Nutrient distributions reflected these seasonal fluctuations in the vertical structure of the water column. Diatoms were in general the most dominant phytoplankton ranging from 15.5 to 82.2% with an average of 42.0% (S.D. = ±9.9%). Based on those average daily productivities from our monthly measurements, the annual primary, new, and regenerated production in the UB were 273.0 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹, 62.6 g N m⁻² yr⁻¹, and 48.7 g N m⁻² yr⁻¹, respectively. Our estimated high <i>f</i> ratio (0.59) in the UB, indicated that the predominant nitrogen source for primary production was nitrate. This is comparable with the nitrogen source in a productive coastal-upwelling region. New carbon production by phytoplankton is estimated as 145.6 g C m⁻² yr⁻¹ (S.D. = ±40.8 g C m⁻² yr^&amp;minus;1) which indicates that a large portion (53.9%) of the total annual primary production might potentially be exported from the diatom-dominated euphotic zone to a deeper zone in the UB. Further intense integrated field observations will be necessary to improve our understanding of the current marine ecosystem in the UB as an important biological production area in the EJS.</p> </P>

TEM investigation of hydrogen-implanted and annealed single-crystal SrTiO3

G.K.H. Pang,C.W. Tai,Y. Wang,W.L. Liu,Z.T. Song,S.L. Feng,H.L.W. Chan,C.L. Choy 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.3

In this study, the structural properties of single-crystal SrTiO3 implanted with H+ have been investigated by transmission electronmicrocopy (TEM). The investigation was carried out on an as-implanted sample and samples after annealing at 500.C and 700 .Cfrom the implanted energy similar to the process in the case of silicon. The as-implanted sample shows large out-of-plane strain alsosimilar to the report in silicon. The microcavities are lled with amorphous material as the result of complicated interaction of the defectsduring the annealing.

대학생의 스마트폰 중독, 불안 및 수면의 질에 대한 연구

김민지,염영은,전지은,조현정,최수민,계향미,김가현,남은재,박신영,박지영 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2014 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.48

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to learn about smartphone addiction level, anxiety, and sleep quality among undergraduate students. Method: In this cross-sectional design study, a convenient sample of 231 undergraduate students were recruited between August and September, 2013. Questionnaires used for this study were the Smartphone addiction proneness scale for adults, the STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and the PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson’s correlation, and ANOVA. Result: About 44 percent of the participants used smartphones in order to communicate with others; SNS (Social Network Service) was the most frequently used function among participants. 59 participants (25.5%) were smartphone addiction potentially risk group and 22 participants (9.5%) were high-risk group. Sex and amount of time used per day had significant influences on smarphone addiction score. There were statistically significant relationships among smartphone addiction level, anxiety, and quality of sleep. The smartphone addiction high-risk group had significantly higher trait anxiety scores compared to the normal group. Conclusion: Smartphone addiction was a risk factor for both anxiety and quality of sleep among undergraduate students. The proposals of this study are as follows: first, in-depth studies are required with regard to the intervention for high frequency of smartphone use and the influence of smartphone addiction as a risk factor of anxiety and mental health. Second, a smartphone addiction treatment program should be supplemented as one of the interventions for anxiety. Third, as an intervention for sleep quality, not only should sleep patterns be considered, but one’s behaviors or habits should be taken into account, particularly at the level of smartphone addiction and anxiety.

Nonlinear behavior of BNT-based lead-free piezoceramics under various ac fields

S.H. Choy,H.L.W. Chan 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.3

In this study, two different bismuth sodium titanate (BNT) based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics,BNKBT-5 and BNKLBT-1.5, were fabricated and their nonlinear piezoelectric behaviour were compared. The ac field dependent piezoelectric properties of both lead-free materials were investigated. An analysis of the changes in real parts of the materials parameters (e.g. stiffness, permittivity and electromechanical coupling coefficient) and the loss factors have been determined by model fitting and the complex material parameters can be found. Under a high ac field, BNKBT-5 and BNKLBT-1.5 have different nonlinear behaviour. This characterization is necessary for using the lead-free piezoelectric ceramics in high power transducer applications.

Genetic Models for Carcass Traits with Different Slaughter Endpoints in Selected Hanwoo Herds I. Linear Covariance Models

Choy, Y.H.,Lee, C.W.,Kim, H.C.,Choi, S.B.,Choi, J.G.,Hwang, J.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.9

Carcass characteristics data of Hanwoo (N = 1,084) were collected from two stations of the National Livestock Institute of Animal Science (NIAS), Korea and records from thirteen individual cow-calf operators were analyzed to estimate variance and covariance components and the effect of different slaughter endpoints. Carcass traits analyzed were cold carcass weight (CWT, kg), REA (rib eye area, cm2), back fat thickness (mm) and marbling score (1-7). Four different models were examined. All models included sex and contemporary group as fixed effects and the animal's direct genetic potential and environment as random effects. The first model fitted a linear covariate of age at slaughter. The second model fitted both linear and quadratic covariates of age at slaughter. The third model fitted a linear covariate of body weight at slaughter. The fourth model fitted both linear covariates of age at slaughter and body weight at slaughter. Variance components were estimated using the REML procedure with Gibb's sampler. Heritability estimate of CWT was in the range of 0.08-0.11 depending on the model applied. Heritability estimates of BF, REA and MS were in the ranges of 0.23-0.28, 0.19-0.26, and 0.44-0.45, respectively. Genetic correlations between CWT and BF, between CWT and REA, and between CWT and MS were in the ranges of -0.33 - -0.14, 0.73-0.84, and -0.01- 0.11, respectively. Genetic correlations between REA and BF, between MS and BF and between REA and MS were in the ranges of -0.82 ~ -0.72, 0.04~0.28 and -0.08 ~ -0.02, respectively. Variance and covariance components estimated varied by model with different slaughter endpoints. Body weight endpoint was more effective for direct selection in favor of yield traits and body weight endpoints affected more of the correlated response to selection for the traits of yield and quality of edible portion of beef.

Genetic Analyses of Carcass Characteristics in Crossbred Pigs: Cross between Landrace Sows and Korean Wild Boars

Choy, Y.H.,Jeon, G.J.,Kim, T.H.,Choi, B.H.,Cheong, I.C.,Lee, H.K.,Seo, K.S.,Kim, S.D.,Park, Y.I.,Chung, H.W. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.8

Carcass characteristics of 241 crossbred pigs (Korean wild boars ${\times}$ Landrace sows) were analyzed to examine variations in fasted body weight (FASTWT), carcass weight (CARCWT), dressing percentage (DP), back fat thickness (BFT) and longissimus muscle weight (LMW), and to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters using three different slaughter-end points. Covariates in the least squares full sib model were slaughter age, fasted body weight and back fat thickness of the carcass. Coefficient of variation was highest for BFT followed by LMW, CARCWT, FASTWT and DP in magnitude. Regressions of three covariates on traits were all linear. However, slaughter age was not significant as a linear covariate for five traits while FASTWT was significant for CARCWT and LMW and BFT was significant for all remaining traits. Genetic and phenotypic variation was considerably reduced by regressing FASTWT or BFT in the model. Heritability estimates of FASTWT, CARCWT, DP and BFT were 0.68, 0.61, 0.11 and 0.49, respectively, using slaughter age as covariate (model 1). Those of CARCWT, DP, BFT and LMW were 0.15, 0.15, 0.30 and 0.11, respectively, using FASTWT as covariate (model 2). Heritability estimates of the traits using LMW as covariate (model 3) were similar to the estimates from Model 1 except that the estimate of CARCWT was reduced to 0.39. Genetic or phenotypic correlations among FASTWT, CARCWT and BFT were all positive and moderate to high. Those between BFT and LMW were also positive and low to moderate. However, genetic and phenotypic correlations between DP and CARCWT were positive while those between DP and FASTWT were negative. It was suggested from this study that differences in carcass yield traits be determined using slaughter age or back fat thickness as slaughter-end point and carcass quality traits using fasted body weight as slaughter-end point.

Persistent organochlorines in 13 shark species from offshore and coastal waters of Korea: Species-specific accumulation and contributing factors

Lee, H.K.,Jeong, Y.,Lee, S.,Jeong, W.,Choy, E.J.,Kang, C.K.,Lee, W.C.,Kim, S.J.,Moon, H.B. Academic Press 2015 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol.115 No.-

Data on persistent organochlorines (OCs) in sharks are scarce. Concentrations of OCs such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in the muscle tissue of 13 shark species (n=105) collected from offshore (Indian and Pacific Oceans) and coastal waters of Korea, to investigate species-specific accumulation of OCs and to assess the potential health risks associated with consumption of shark meat. Overall OC concentrations were highly variable not only among species but also within the same species of shark. The concentrations of PCBs, DDTs, chlordanes, hexachlorobenzene, and heptachlor in all shark species ranged from <LOQ (limit of quantification) to 184 (mean: 35.0), <LOQ to 1135 (58.2), <LOQ to 56.2 (4.31), <LOQ to 18.8 (1.64) and <LOQ to 77.5 (1.37)ng/g lipid weight, respectively. The determined concentrations of PCBs and DDTs in shark in our study were relatively lower than those reported in other studies. Aggressive shark species and species inhabiting the Indian Ocean had the highest levels of OCs. Inter-species differences in the concentrations and accumulation profiles of OCs among shark species could be explained by differences in feeding habit and sampling locations. Several confounding factors such as growth velocity, trophic position, and regional contamination status may affect the bioaccumulation of OCs in sharks. Hazard ratios of non-cancer risk for all the OCs were below one, whereas the hazard ratios of lifetime cancer risks of PCBs and DDTs exceeded one, implying potential carcinogenic effects in the general population in Korea. This is the first report to document the occurrence of OCs in sharks from Korea.