Immunohistochemical stain for cytokeratin 7, S100A1 and claudin 8 is valuable in differential diagnosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma from renal oncocytoma

Kim, Sung S,Choi, Yoo D,Jin, Xue M,Cho, Yong M,Jang, Ja J,Juhng, Sang W,Choi, Chan Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Histopathology Vol.54 No.5

Construction of Potent Insecticide Leads, Novel Bacillus thuringiensis cry1-type Genes

Song Eun Kim,Jae Young Choi,Xue Ying Tao,Qin Liu,Saes Byeol An,Seok Hee Lee,Woo Jin Kim,Yeon Ho Je 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04

Crystals of proteinaceous insecticidal proteins, Cry proteins, produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been generally used to control insect pests. In this study, through the 3D structure prediction and accompanying mutagenesis study for the Mod-Cry1Ac, 7 and 16 amino acid residues from domain I and II, respectively, responsible for its insecticidal activity against larvae of Spodoptera exigua and Ostrinia furnacalis were identified. To construct novel cry genes with enhanced insecticidal activity, we randomly mutated these 23 amino acid sequences by in vitro muti site-directed mutagenesis, resulting in totally 24 mutant cry genes. For further characterization, these mutant cry genes were expressed as a fusion protein with polyhedrin using baculovirus expression system. SDS-PAGE analysis of the recombinant polyhedra revealed that expressed Cry proteins was occluded into polyhedra and activated stably to 65 kDa by trypsin. When the insecticidal activities of these mutant Cry proteins against to larvae of P. xylostella and S. exigua were assayed, they showed higher or similar insecticidal activity compared to those of Cry1Ac and Cry1C. Especially, among them Mutant-N16 showed the highest insecticidal activity against to both of P. xylostella and S. exigua. Therefore, Mutant-N16 is considered to have the potential for the efficacious biological insecticide.

Investigating the electrochemical windows of ionic liquids

Maan Hayyan,Farouq S. Mjalli,Mohd Ali Hashim,Inas M. AlNashef,Tan Xue Mei 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.1

The structure effect on the electrochemical windows (EWs) was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 16 ionic liquids (ILs), consisting of various cations such as piperidinium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium,phosphonium, morpholinium, ammonium, sulfonium and imidazolium, and anions including bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, dicyanamide, trifluoroacetate and trifluoromethanesulfonate. It was found that all studied ILs have good EWs to be utilized as electrolytes in different electrochemical applications pertaining to industry. Furthermore, it was found that the structure of ILs affected the EW and both the cation and anion have important effect on the reductive and oxidative limits, respectively. The reductive limits of the studied ILs were found to follow the sequence of [P14,666]+ > [N112,1O2]+ > [HMPyrr]+ > [BMPyrr]+ > [EMIm]+ > [MOEMMor]+≈[MOPMPip]+ > [S222]+ > [BMPy]+≈[HPy]+≈ [HPPy]+. The oxidative limits were found to follow the sequence of [TFSI]ˉ > [TPTP]ˉ > [TfO]ˉ > [DCA]ˉ > [TFA]ˉ. 2012 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of different levels of protein concentrates supplementation on the growth performance, plasma amino acids profile and mTOR cascade genes expression in early-weaned yak calves

Q.H. Peng,N.A. Khan,B. Xue,T.H. Yan,Z.S. Wang 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.2

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of different levels of protein concentrate supplementation on the growth performance of yak calves, and correlated the growth rate to changes occurring in the plasma- amino acids, -insulin profile, and signaling activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cascade to characterize the mechanism through which the protein synthesis can be improved in early weaned yaks. Methods: For this study, 48 early (3 months old) weaned yak calves were selected, and assigned into four dietary treatments according to randomized complete block design. The four blocks were balanced for body weight and sex. The yaks were either grazed on natural pasture (control diet) in a single herd or the grazing yaks was supplemented with one of the three protein rich supplements containing low (17%; LP), medium (19%; MP), or high (21%; HP) levels of crude proteins for a period of 30 days. Results: Results showed that the average daily gain of calves increased (0.14 vs 0.23-0.26 kg; p<0.05) with protein concentrates supplementation. The concentration of plasma methionine increased (p<0.05; 8.6 vs 10.1-12.4 μmol/L), while those of serine and tyrosine did not change (p>0.05) when the grazing calves were supplemented with protein concentrates. Compared to control diet, the insulin level of calves increased (p<0.05; 1.86 vs 2.16-2.54 μIU/mL) with supplementation of protein concentrates. Addition of protein concentrates up-regulated (p<0.05) expression of mTOR-raptor, mammalian vacuolar protein sorting 34 homolog, the translational regulators eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1, and S6 kinase 1 genes in both Longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus. In contrast, the expression of sequestosome 1 was down-regulated in the concentrate supplemented calves. Conclusion: Our results show that protein supplementation improves the growth performance of early weaned yak calves, and that plasma methionine and insulin concentrations were the key mediator for gene expression and protein deposition in the muscles.

Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of Bernal-Stacked Bilayer Graphene by Edge-Selective Etching with H₂O

Qi, Zhikai,Shi, Haohao,Zhao, Mingxing,Jin, Hongchang,Jin, Song,Kong, Xianghua,Ruoff, Rodney S.,Qin, Shengyong,Xue, Jiamin,Ji, Hengxing American Chemical Society 2018 Chemistry of materials Vol.30 No.21

<P>Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene is uniquely suited for application in electronic and photonic devices because of its tunable band structure. Even though chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is considered to be the method of choice to grow bilayer graphene, the direct synthesis of high-quality, large-area Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene on Cu foils is complicated by overcoming the self-limiting nature of graphene growth on Cu. Here, we report a facile H<SUB>2</SUB>O-assisted CVD process to grow bilayer graphene on Cu foils, where graphene growth is controlled by injecting intermittent pulses of H<SUB>2</SUB>O vapor using a pulse valve. By optimizing CVD process parameters fully covered large area graphene with bilayer coverage of 77 ± 3.6% and high AB stacking ratio of 93 ± 3% can be directly obtained on Cu foils, which presents a hole concentration and mobility of 4.5 × 10<SUP>12</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP> and 1100 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>-1</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively, at room temperature. The H<SUB>2</SUB>O selectively etches graphene edges without damaging graphene facets, which slows down the growth of the top layer and improves the nucleation and growth of a second graphene layer. Results from our work are important both for the industrial applications of bilayer graphene and to elucidate the growth mechanism of CVD-graphene.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

MeV Ti ion implantation induced damages in LiNbO₃

S. Yan,W. J. Zhao,H. J. Ma,K. M. Wang,S. L. Li,D. Y. Shen,J. M. Xue,Y. G. Wang 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.-

MeV ion implantation can form a waveguide in LiNbO₃ crystal because of the damage induced by collisions. Damage in LiNbO₃ induced by 0.7-MeV ~ 2.6-MeV Ti ions at doses of 10¹³cm-² and 10 15 cm-² are studied by RBS-C (Channeling Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy) analysis and numerical simulation with SRIM (Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) code. The influence of annealing damage distribution is discussed. The discussion also concerns the topic of the relation between damage distribution and formation of wave-guide. MeV ion implantation can form a waveguide in LiNbO₃ crystal because of the damage induced by collisions. Damage in LiNbO₃ induced by 0.7-MeV ~ 2.6-MeV Ti ions at doses of 10¹³cm-² and 10 15 cm-² are studied by RBS-C (Channeling Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy) analysis and numerical simulation with SRIM (Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) code. The influence of annealing damage distribution is discussed. The discussion also concerns the topic of the relation between damage distribution and formation of wave-guide.

Influence of aromatic heterocycle of conjugated side chains on photovoltaic performance of benzodithiophene-based wide-bandgap polymers

Xue, X.,Fan, B.,Liu, T.,Sun, X.,Huo, L.,Ha, S.,Choi, H.,Kim, T.,Kim, J.,Wei, D. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Polymer chemistry Vol.7 No.24

<P>Extensive efforts have been focused on the study of wide-band gap (WBG) polymers due to their important applications in multiple junction and ternary blend organic solar cells. Herein, three WBG copolymers named PBDT(X)-T1 (X = O, S, Se) were synthesized based on the benzodithiophene (BDT) donor unit and 1,3-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H, 8H-benzo[1,2-c: 4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione (T1) acceptor unit. Different aromatic heterocycle groups (furan, thiophene and selenophene) were introduced to modify the BDT unit to investigate the influence of conjugated side chains on the photovoltaic properties of conjugated polymers. Photophysical properties, electrochemistry, charge transport and crystalline properties of the polymers were studied to discuss the role of chalcogen atoms on the performance of conjugated polymers. Solar cells based on these three WBG copolymers were fabricated. Among them, the PBDT(Se)-T1-based solar cell shows the best photovoltaic performance with the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.52%, an open-circuit voltage (V-oc) of 0.91 V, and a high fill factor (FF) of 72%. The high crystallinity and preferential face-on orientation in the blend film partially explain the superior photovoltaic performance achieved in PBDT(Se)-T1-based solar cells. The results indicate the important role of chalcogen atoms in conjugated side chains and that high photovoltaic performance can be realized through side chain engineering of BDT-based WBG conjugated polymers.</P>

Fuzzy regression method for prediction and control the bead width in the robotic arc-welding process

Xue, Yu,Kim, I.S.,Son, J.S.,Park, C.E.,Kim, H.H.,Sung, B.S.,Kim, I.J.,Kim, H.J.,Kang, B.Y. Elsevier 2005 Journal of materials processing technology Vol.164-165 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In the manufacturing industry, quality is of prime importance and a reduction in rejects rates is desirable to reduce costs, improve productivity as well as satisfy customer quality requirements. Many quality problems arise due to poorly set process variables, and this is often due to lack of welding skill on the part of the mechanised or robotic system suppliers. However, the automated welding system has not been achieved much because of difficulties of the mathematical model and sensor technologies. In this paper, the possibilities of the fuzzy regression method in modeling the bead width in the robotic arc-welding process are presented. Fuzzy regression is a well-known method to deal with the problems with a high degree of fuzziness so that the approach is employed to build the relationship between four process variables and the quality characteristic, such as bead width. Using the developed model, the proper prediction of the process variables for obtaining the optimal bead width can be determined.</P>

Stadium Games in Entrepreneurial Cities in China: A State Project

Hanhan Xue,Daniel S. Mason 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2019 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.4 No.2

Cities in China have started to build sport-related infrastructure in earnest; over 1.6 million sport facilities (including 1,093 large-scale sport stadiums and arenas) were built in China from 2003 to 2013. However, operating losses have created concerns of a debt crisis, sparking debate as to whether stadium and arena development can improve the quality of life of residents. This paper examines China’s arena development strategy over the past decade, and finds that development has been undertaken by local governments for two purposes: (1) local development and growth to increase urban competitiveness; and (2) establishing “human-centered” infrastructure to symbolically position the city to gain the state’s sustained support in competition for resources with other cities. Thus, cities do not invest public funds principally in the name of increased tourism, commercial development, or even civic pride but rather as a means for the city to be elevated in the eyes of the central government.

Formation of phase-locked states in a population of locally interacting Kuramoto oscillators

Ha, S.Y.,Li, Z.,Xue, X. Academic Press 2013 Journal of differential equations Vol.255 No.10

In this paper, we present an asymptotic formation of phase-locked states from the ensemble of Kuramoto oscillators with a symmetric and connected interaction topology. For a limited interaction topology that does not have an all-to-all interaction, Lyapunov type approaches based on phase and frequency diameters do not work due to the lack of completeness. Thus, we employ an energy method together with the connectedness of underlying interaction topologies to determine the complete synchronization estimates. Our synchronization estimation method consists of two parts. First we establish that the uniform boundedness of fluctuations yields the asymptotic formation of phase-locked states using Lojasiewicz gradient inequality. Second, we show that for the initial configurations lying in the half circle, the uniform boundedness of fluctuations can be derived by a comparison with solutions to the linear Gronwall@?s differential inequality for the total phase variance.