슬관절 골관절염 환자에서 AVOCADO/SOYBEAN UNSAPONIFIABLES (ASU)의 효과: ASU 단독치료와 ASU-Nasproxen 병용치료의 효과 및 위장관 부작용의 비교

김종화 ( C H Kim ),이동민 ( D H Lee ),김용성 ( Y S Kim ),최보금 ( B G Choi ),박주형 ( J H Park ),김신재 ( S J Kim ),이치국 ( C K Lee ),전현순 ( H S Jeon ),류완희 ( W H Yoo ),곽재용 ( J Y Kwak ),백홍선 ( H S Baek ) 전북대학교 의과학연구소 2001 全北醫大論文集 Vol.25 No.1

ASU 치료는 증상을 갖고 있는 슬관절의 골관절염 환자의 통증 개선과 관절 기능을 호전시키고, 약물투여 중지 후에 지속효과를 갖는 증상개선 약제로서 안전하게 사용할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 소염진통제인 naproxen과의 병용치료와의 비교에서는 병용치료 군에서 효과의 발현시기와 전반적인 평가에서는 우월하였으나, 부작용이 보다 많이 발생하였다. 따라서 ASU를 골관절염의 약물치료의 한 방법으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 보이며, 단순진통제 및 소염진통제 등의 약물 등과 같이 단일요법으로서의 사용과 다른 약물과의 병용치료의 효과 및 안정성에 대해서는 보다 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety between avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) alone and ASU-naproxen combination in the treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and to determine persistent efficacy after stopping medication and gastrointestinal tolerability. Methods: One hundred twenty-five patients with symptomatic OA of the knee were included in 20-week trial with 12-week treatment period and 8-weeks post-treatment follow-up. Efficacy was evaluated by Lequesne`s index (LI), pain score (VAS; visual analong scale. 10cm) at 4-week interval during the study and physician`s and patient`s global assessment at 20th week. Gastrointestinal side effects were evaluated by questionnaire for gastrointestinal symptoms and number of the ingested antacids during the study. Results: Sixty-three patients were received ASU alone, while sixty-two patients were received ASU and naproxen. Mean±SD scores of pain VAS score were reased from baseline at 8th and 12th weeks after medication in the former groups and 4th, 8th and 12th weeks in the latter groups. Mean±SD scores of LI were decreased from baseline at 12th week after medication in the former groups and 4th, 8th, 12th week in the latter groups. Both scores of LI and pain VAS were maintained at 8th week after stopping medication. The scores of LI and pain VAS scale were significantly decreased in combination group than ASU alone group at 4th and 8th weeks, but tended to lower in combination group at 12th week and post-treatment period. The improvement of physician`s global assessment was seen in 65.4% of combination and 53.2% of ASU alone group. The patient`s global assessment was similar to it. Twenty-six patients (20.8%) could not complete the 20-week study and the causes are different in two groups: side effects are more common cause in combination group and low efficacy and non-compliance were more common in ASU alone group. Gastrointestinal side effects are the most common adverse effects of the both groups, and the frequencies are more common in patients received naproxen as a combination therapy. Conclusion: ASU showed immediate and persistent efficacy in the treatment of patients with symptomatic OA of the knee. The combination of ASU and naproxen was more effective than ASU alone during the treatment period, but similar at post-treatment period. Gastrointestinal side effects were more frequent in combination group than ASU alone.

Improved surface resistance of supercapacitor electrode with CNT for high discharg current rate

K. S. Park(박규순),M. S. Chae(채민수),S. H. Cho(조세호),S. W. Lee(이상원),E. S. Song(송은솔),S. H. Park(박승현),L. K. Kwak(곽이구),H. S. Lee(이해성),S. J. Kang(강신재) 한국생산제조학회 2016 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.04

Progress in the development of heating systems towards long pulse operation for KSTAR

Kwak, J.G.,Bae, Y.D.,Chang, D.H.,Chang, D.S.,Hong, B.G.,Hwang, C.K.,In, S.R.,Jeong, S.H.,Jin, J.T.,Jung, K.S.,Kim, B.R.,Kim, J.,Kim, S.K.,Kim, T.S.,Lee, D.W.,Lee, K.W.,Oh, B.H.,Seo, C.S.,Seo, M.S.,Yoo International Atomic Energy Agency 2007 Nuclear fusion Vol.47 No.5

<P>Construction of the Korea superconducting tokamak advanced research (KSTAR) tokamak is in its final phase. For the long-pulse KSTAR discharges, the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) and neutral beam injection (NBI) heating systems are expected to play important roles through a selective heating of ions and electrons, control of the plasma pressure and current profiles, a core fuelling and beam diagnostics for the KSTAR. In addition, the ICRF system is expected to be used for possible discharge cleaning and assisting in the tokamak startup. In this paper, the recent progress in the development of the ICRF and the NBI heating systems is described. The four-strap ICRF antenna has been successfully tested for a voltage up to 41 kV for a pulse length of 300 s (to 46 kV for 20 s) in a test chamber. A prototype KSTAR NBI system has been developed. At present, the system has successfully produced a 1 MW beam power for 200 s and a 3.5 MW output beam power for 4 s.</P>

Key Features in the Operation of KSTAR

Jong-Gu Kwak,Oh, Y. K.,Kim, K. P.,Kim, S. W.,Hong, S. H.,Chu, Y.,Lee, H. J.,Kim, Y. O.,Kim, J.,Park, S. L.,Hahn, S. H.,Park, M. K.,Kim, H. K.,Bak, J. G.,Bae, Y. S.,Ko, W. H.,Lee, S. G.,Lee, J. H.,Jung IEEE 2012 IEEE transactions on plasma science Vol.40 No.3

<P>The Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device is aimed at advanced tokamak (AT) research. Three years have passed since it achieved its first plasma in 2008. Because it is a superconducting machine and is working toward AT research, it has unique features in terms of the machine engineering and operation. The toroidal field (TF) magnet coils are made of Nb<SUB>3</SUB>Sn, which provide high TFs up to 3.5 T, and have been fully tested. The poloidal field (PF) magnet coils, consisting of both Nb<SUB>3</SUB>Sn and NbTi, which have a maximum current of 25 kA in their design, were tested up to 15 kA. A thermal hydraulic analysis is being conducted for PF magnet coil operation. All plasma-facing components (PFCs) are equipped with water cooled graphite tiles and have the capability of being baked up to 350°C. A startup scenario, which considered both the effect of the ferromagnetic material in the cable in conduit conductor jacket of the magnet coils as well as a nonferromagnetic up-down asymmetry in the cryostat structure, was developed and demonstrated its effectiveness by the last two year's reliable operations. Passive stabilizers and in-vessel control coils (IVCCs) are key components to realize AT operation in KSTAR. The segmented IVCC coils were connected to form circular coils for internal vertical control in 2010, and diverted plasmas with high elongation (κ~1.8, δ>;0.6) were achieved. A neutral beam injection (NBI) system was developed aiming at 2 MW, 300 s per ion source which meets the long-pulse requirement of KSTAR. An NBI ion source with a power of 1.7 MW at 100 kV has been commissioned for 10 s. Finally, ELMy H-modes were successfully produced with 1.3-MW NBI power at a plasma current of 0.6 MA in the 2010 campaign. The first H-mode discharge (#4200) in KSTAR was achieved one year earlier than officially planned and was done at B<SUB>T</SUB> = 2 T with I<SUB>p</SUB> = 0.6 MA in a well-balanced double null configuration after boronization on the PFC. Successful operations in the early days of KSTAR including H-mode experiments revealed the capability of advanced and steady-state operation which is essential for the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) and future fusion reactors.</P>

-170℃ 환경에서 은과 PTFE의 트랙션 곡선에 의한 볼베어링 동역학적 예측을 위한 실험적 연구

곽원일(W. I. Kwak),최복성(B. S. Choe),이전국(J. K. Lee),이용복(Y. B. Lee) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2018 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.10

스크린 프린팅에 기반한 탄소나노튜브/폴리머 복합체 촉각 센서

김원도(W. Kim),이재용(J. Lee),곽연준(Y. Kwak),김관훈(K. Kim),심상준(S. J. Sim),장욱(W. Chang),김원호(W. H. Kim),김종백(J. Kim) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2018 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.10월

On-site Output Survey and Feed Value Evaluation on Agro-industrial By-products

Kwak, W. S.,Yoon, J. S. 한국동물자원과학회 2003 한국축산학회지 Vol.45 No.2

본 연구는 산업체에서 발생되는 총 19종 부산물들의 동물사료로의 활용성을 증대시킬 목적으로 유기성 부산물들의 배출 현장을 방문하여 부산물 발생 및 이용 현황을 조사하고, 각각의 화학적 특성을 평가하고, 분석된 화학적 성분들 중에서 부산물 사료의 동물 소화율을 예측할 수 있는 신뢰성 있는 지표를 발굴하고, 사료 배합비 설계 시 실제 분석치 대신 문헌 성분표상의 수치 이용의 위험성을 진단하기 위해서 실시되었다. 실험 결과, 부산물들의 발생 현황 및 이용 현황은 매우 다양하였다. 부산물들을 영양적 주성분에 따라 분류하였을 때, 과일가공부산물(사과박, 감껍질, 배박, 포도박)과 제과부산물은 에너지 사료에 속하였고, 비지, 동물성 사료(혈액, 우모분, 닭내장), 유가공슬러지는 단백질 사료에 속하였으며, 대두피, 버섯잔사, 맥아파, 폐지, 육계분은 조사료에 속하였다. 반추위내용물과 식당 원 남은 음식물의 영양적 특성은 각각 소 TMR사료와 양돈용 배합사료 성분에 근접하였다. 대두박과 비교해서 아미노산 함량은 혈액과 우모분은 상대적으로 높았고 (P<0.05), 맥아근, 유가공 슬러지, 식당 원 남은 음식물들은 상대적으로 낮았다 (P<0.05). 단백질 원 부산물사료들의 펩신 소화율은 66∼99%의 범위에 속하였다. 부산물 종류에 상관없이 in vitro 건물 소화율은 식당 원 남은 음식물, 제과부산물, 사과박, 대두피, 배박, 감껍질, 맥아피, 맥아근, 비지, 포도박, 반추위 내용물, 가금부산물, 육계분, 폐지, 버섯잔사, 유가공 슬러지, 우모분, 혈액의 순으로 높았다 (P<0.05). In vitro 건물 소화율은 화학성분들 중에서 비섬유성 탄수화물과 가장 높은 상관관계(r=0.68)을 보였으며, 이는 비섬유성 탄수화물이 부산물 사료들의 소화율 예측 시 신뢰성 있는 지표로 이용될 수 있음을 의미한다. 부산물 사료들의 실제 화학 분석치와 문헌에 제시된 성분표 상의 수치간의 차이는 큰 편이었다. 따라서 동물 사료 내에 다량의 부산물 사료를 이용할수록 동물 생산성의 극대화를 위해서는 실제 분석치의 이용이 필수적인 것으로 사료되었다. This study was conducted to make on - site survey on the output pattern and utilization situation of 19 by - products selected, to evaluate their nutritional characteristics, to find out a reliable index with which digestion of by - products can be predicted on the basis of chemical compositions analyzed and to diagnose the risk of using book values in the absence of the actual values analyzed for diet formulation. Production and utilization situations of by - products were quite various. Nutritionally, fruit processing by - products such as apple pomace (AP), pear pomace (PP), grape pomace (GP), and persimmon peel (PSP), and bakery by - products (BB) were classified as energy feeds. Soybean curd meal (SCM), animal by - products such as blood (BD), feather meal (FM) and poultry by - products (PB), and activated milk processing sludge (AMS) were classified as protein feeds. Soy hulls (SH), spent mushroom compost (SMC), barley malt hulls (BMH), waste paper (WP) and broiler litter (BL) were classified as roughage. Rumen contents (RC) and restaurant food waste (FW) were nutritionally analogous to complete diets for cattle and swine, respectively. Compared to soybean meal (SBM), BD and FM contained high (P<0.05) levels of amino acids and barley malt sprouts (BMS), AMS and FW contained low (P<0.05) levels of amino acids. Enzymatic (pepsin) digestibilities of proteinaceous feeds ranged between 99 and 66%. In vitro DM digestibility was high (P<0.05) in the order of FW, BB, AP, SH, PP, PSP, BMH, BMS, SCM, GP, RC, PB, BL, WP, SMC, AMS, FM and BD. In vitro DM digestibility had the highest correlation (r=0.68) with nonfibrous carbohydrate among chemical components. Differences between analyzed values of chemical components and book values were considerable. Caution is required in using book values when large amount of by - products are used in diets.

디젤엔진용 고압 연료분사장치 설계에 관한 연구

박수용(S.Y.Pakr),홍성유(S.Y.Hong),곽우진(W.J.Kwak),김창수(C.S.Kim) 한국자동차공학회 1997 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.11_1

It is expected that demand of high-pressure in fuel injection system will be increased for strengthening exhaust-emission standards and fuel economy more and more.<br/> In this study. it was tested and evaluated that design parameters for high-pressure has an effect upon injection pressure in the in-line type fuel injection system. and stress analysis for roller restricting allowable line pressure was also achieved.<br/> This study confirmed injection pressure of above 1200 bar and permissible adjustment to an engine after testing injection system, but the CPV is needed to raise injection pressure highly.<br/> Besides, maximal contact stress is reduced about 20% as using a crowning roller. out of this, allowable contact pressure could be improved in current pump space.<br/>

EMTDC를 이용한 D-STATCOM의 전압제어 효과분석

전영수(Y.S. Jeon),박상호(S.H. Park),김수열(S.Y. Kim),이재욱(J.W. Lee),곽노홍(N.H. Kwak),추진부(J.B Choo) 전력전자학회 2004 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

고도화 정보화시대의 도래로 수용가측의 전력품질에 대한 관심이 나날이 높아지고 있고, 전원 품질에 의한 경제적 피해가 늘어나면서 중요 부하 및 계통을 보호하기 위한 전력품질 보상기기 개발에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 대표적인 전력품질 향상기기로는 D-STATCOM, DVR, SSTS 등이 있다.

The Unpredictable Event of Remaining Broken Needle in the Body during Vascular Puncture: Case Report

( J. H. Lee ),( S. W. Kang ),( K. H. Sohn ),( W. G. Kwak ),( B. S. Chang ),( Y. H. Kim ),( S. H. Lee ),( C. W. Choi ),( M. J. Park ),( H. S. Choi ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.-

Background Numerous medical techniques are used to care for patients in hospitals. Unexpected accidents can occur in the course of treating patients. Here we report a case that the unpredictable situation during vascular puncture. Case A 87-year-old female patient was admitted to treat pneumonia. Her body mass index (BMI) was 26.67kg/m2. She was bed-ridden state since old cerebral infarction and operation of left hip. During treating pneumonia with antibiotics, the oxygen demand suddenly increased, respiratory acidosis was progressed, and the blood pressure was lowered. We performed several times of arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) to monitor the patient's condition. Because of hypotension, We punctured the femoral artery instead of the radial or the dorsal artery. We used a 25 gauge and 16mm needle for arterial puncture. After pull out of blood, during draw a syringe out of a blood vessel the needle was disconnedted from the syringe. The needle remained in the groin, and the location of the needle was not identified in X-ray and sonography. The needle located in the soft tissue of the groin not in the vessel under the fluoroscopy. We completely removed the needle using the fluoroscopy(figure 1). The broken needle removed from the groin(figure 2). Conclusion Clinicians carefully perform medical techniques . However, sometimes accidents can occur unexpectedly. We experinced the unpredictable event during the arterial puncture to the obese patient. When puncturing the femoral artery in the obese patient, we should consider the needle of suitable length with close attention for puncture.