A hybrid method for fundamental heart sound segmentation using group-sparsity denoising and variational mode decomposition

V. G. Sujadevi,Neethu Mohan,S. Sachin Kumar,S. Akshay,K. P. Soman 대한의용생체공학회 2019 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.9 No.4

Segmentation of fundamental heart sounds–S1 and S2 is important for automated monitoring of cardiac activity includingdiagnosis of the heart diseases. This pa-per proposes a novel hybrid method for S1 and S2 heart sound segmentation usinggroup sparsity denoising and variation mode decomposition (VMD) technique. In the proposed method, the measured phonocardiogram(PCG) signals are denoised using group sparsity algorithm by exploiting the group sparse (GS) property ofPCG signals. The denoised GS-PCG signals are then decomposed into subsequent modes with specifi c spectral characteristicsusing VMD algorithm. The appropriate mode for further processing is selected based on mode central frequencies and modeenergy. It is then followed by the extraction of Hilbert envelope (HEnv) and a thresholding on the selected mode to segmentS1 and S2 heart sounds. The performance advantage of the proposed method is verifi ed using PCG signals from benchmarkdatabases namely eGeneralMedical, Littmann, Washington, and Michigan. The proposed hybrid algorithm has achieved asensitivity of 100%, positive predictivity of 98%, accuracy of 98% and detection error rate of 1.5%. The promising resultsobtained suggest that proposed approach can be considered for automated heart sound segmentation.

SiO₂ microparticles with carbon nanotube-derived mesopores as an efficient support for enzyme immobilization

Kumar, Ashok,Park, Gi Dae,Patel, Sanjay K.S.,Kondaveeti, Sanath,Otari, Sachin,Anwar, Muhammad Zahid,Kalia, Vipin C.,Singh, Yogendra,Kim, Sun Chang,Cho, Byung-Kwan,Sohn, Jung-Hoon,Kim, Dong Rip,Kang, Y Elsevier 2019 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.359 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Novel mesoporous SiO<SUB>2</SUB> microparticles were synthesized by spray pyrolysis using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) as a template. The synthesized multicompartment structure with uniform pores of 12.0 nm was used to immobilize lipase from <I>Thermomyces lanuginosus</I>. The total surface area of mesoporous SiO<SUB>2</SUB> microparticles prepared from silica colloidal solution was increased by 26-folds compared to that of dense SiO<SUB>2</SUB> particles (494 vs 19.0 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively). Mesoporous SiO<SUB>2</SUB> particles showed 236% higher protein loading for lipase, than dense SiO<SUB>2</SUB> particles. The maximum velocity (<I>V</I> <SUB>max</SUB>) and catalytic efficiencies of immobilized lipase were 3.80 and 5.90 folds higher than that of free enzyme. Contact angle analysis revealed increased hydrophobicity of the mesoporous particles, which is advantageous for lid opening at the active center, and increased activity after immobilization. We next developed a lipase/SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/glassy carbon electrode (GCE) biosensors. Cyclic voltammetric results showed linear responses of the lipase/SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/GCE bioelectrode towards tributyrin (50–300 mg dL<SUP>−1</SUP>) as a surface-limited reaction in Tris-HCl buffer. After 12 repetitive uses, dense SiO<SUB>2</SUB>- and mesoporous SiO<SUB>2</SUB>-bound lipase retained 74.2 and 95.4% of its original activities, respectively. Thus, given their desirable characteristics and industrial utility, greatly porous SiO<SUB>2</SUB> particles may provide an excellent support for enzyme immobilization in biosensor development or biocatalysis in organic media.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Mesoporous SiO<SUB>2</SUB> is synthesized by spray pyrolysis using carbon nanotubes as a template. </LI> <LI> Mesoporous SiO<SUB>2</SUB> microparticles have been successfully used to immobilize enzyme. </LI> <LI> Mesoporous SiO<SUB>2</SUB> provides an excellent support for enzyme in biosensor or biocatalysis. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Is long term storage of cryopreserved stem cells for hematopoieticstem cell transplantation a worthwhile exercise in developingcountries?

Santhosh Kumar Devadas,Minal Khairnar,Sumathi S Hiregoudar,Shashank Ojha,Sachin Punatar,Alok gupta,Anant Gokarn,Pallavi Bhole,Sadhana Kannan,Navin Khattry 대한혈액학회 2017 Blood Research Vol.51 No.4

Background: Stem cell units (SCUs) that are cryopreserved prior to both autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (for donor lymphocyte infusion) remain unused or partially used several times, and become an increased burden to blood banks/SCU repositories. Because of the scarcity of data regarding the duration for which the storage is useful, there is no general consensus regarding disposal of SCUs. Methods: We conducted a retrospective audit of SCU utilization in 435 patients who planned to undergo either autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) (N=239) or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) (N=196) at a tertiary cancer care center between November 2007 to January 2015. Results: Our cohort consisted of 1,728 SCUs stored for conducting auto-SCT and 729 SCUs stored for conducting donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) after allo-SCT. Stem cells were not in-fused in 12.5% of patients who had planned to undergo auto-SCT, and 80% of patients who underwent allo-SCT never received DLI. Forty-one percent of SCUs intended for use in auto-SCT remained unutilized, with a second auto-SCT being performed only in 4 patients. Ninety-four percent of SCUs intended for carrying out DLIs remained unused, with only minimal usage observed one year after undergoing allo-SCT. Conclusion: The duration of storage of unused SCUs needs to be debated upon, so that a consensus can be reached regarding the ethical disposal of SCU.

Fault diagnosis of rolling element bearing based on artificial neural network

Rohit S. Gunerkar,Arun Kumar Jalan,Sachin U Belgamwar 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.2

This paper proposes the expert system for accurate fault detection of bearing. The study is based upon advanced signal processing method as wavelet transform and artificial intelligence technique as artificial neural network (ANN) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN), for fault classification of bearing. An adaptive algorithm based on wavelet transform is used to extract the fault classifying features of the bearing from time domain signal. These features have been used as inputs to proposed ANN models and the same features have also been used for KNN. Dedicated experimental setup was used to perform the test upon the bearing. Single data set for four fault conditions of bearing is collected to train ANN and KNN. The processed and normalized data was trained by using backpropagation multilayer perceptron neural network. The results obtained from ANN are compared with KNN, ANN results proved to be highly effective for classification of multiple faults.

Is long term storage of cryopreserved stem cells for hematopoieticstem cell transplantation a worthwhile exercise in developingcountries?

Santhosh Kumar Devadas,Minal Khairnar,Sumathi S Hiregoudar,Shashank Ojha,Sachin Punatar,Alok gupta,Anant Gokarn,Pallavi Bhole,Sadhana Kannan,Navin Khattry 대한혈액학회 2017 Blood Research Vol.52 No.4

Background: Stem cell units (SCUs) that are cryopreserved prior to both autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (for donor lymphocyte infusion) remain unused or partially used several times, and become an increased burden to blood banks/SCU repositories. Because of the scarcity of data regarding the duration for which the storage is useful, there is no general consensus regarding disposal of SCUs. Methods: We conducted a retrospective audit of SCU utilization in 435 patients who planned to undergo either autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) (N=239) or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) (N=196) at a tertiary cancer care center between November 2007 to January 2015. Results: Our cohort consisted of 1,728 SCUs stored for conducting auto-SCT and 729 SCUs stored for conducting donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) after allo-SCT. Stem cells were not in-fused in 12.5% of patients who had planned to undergo auto-SCT, and 80% of patients who underwent allo-SCT never received DLI. Forty-one percent of SCUs intended for use in auto-SCT remained unutilized, with a second auto-SCT being performed only in 4 patients. Ninety-four percent of SCUs intended for carrying out DLIs remained unused, with only minimal usage observed one year after undergoing allo-SCT. Conclusion: The duration of storage of unused SCUs needs to be debated upon, so that a consensus can be reached regarding the ethical disposal of SCU.

Fe₂O₃ yolk-shell particle-based laccase biosensor for efficient detection of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol

Patel, Sanjay K.S.,Anwar, Muhammad Z.,Kumar, Ashok,Otari, Sachin V.,Pagolu, Ravi T.,Kim, Sang-Yong,Kim, In-Won,Lee, Jung-Kul Elsevier 2018 Biochemical engineering journal Vol.132 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The structural morphology and composition of a support play a key role in the performance of nanoparticle-based enzymatic biosensors. In the present study, the influence of different functional groups, including glutaraldehyde, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, carbodiimide, cyano, and polyethyleneimine for the immobilization of laccase on synthesized Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> yolk-shell and commercially available Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, SrFe<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>19</SUB>, and Y<SUB>3</SUB>Fe<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> particles was analyzed. Glutaraldehyde-activated particles showed higher laccase activity after immobilization and higher relative detection currents for 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (2,6-DMP). The multi-shelled structural morphology of Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> yolk-shell particles significantly improved the biosensing properties of immobilized laccase compared to that of spherical pure Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and composite SrFe<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>19</SUB> and Y<SUB>3</SUB>Fe<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> particles. The prepared biosensors showed high selectivity towards 2,6-DMP, with a sensitivity of 452 μA/mM/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. Under optimum conditions, the linear ranges of detection were as follows: 2,6-DMP (0.025–750 μM), guaiacol (0.10–250 μM), pyrogallol (0.25–250 μM), and 3,4-dihydroxy-<SMALL>L</SMALL>-phenylalanine (1.0–125 μM), with limit of detection values of 0.010, 0.052, 0.093, and 0.273 μM, respectively. Laccase immobilized on bio-friendly multi-shelled Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> yolk-shell particles showed a broad linear range of detection, the lowest limit of detection, high sensitivity and stability, good reproducibility, anti-interference and recovery, and insignificant inhibition by laccase inhibitors.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> yolk-shell particles were used to prepare laccase biosensors. </LI> <LI> Particle composition and morphology exhibited significant variation in biosensing. </LI> <LI> Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> yolk-shell biosensor showed a high selectivity towards 2,6-dimethoxyphenol. </LI> <LI> A broad linear range of detection with the lowest limit of detection (0.01 μM) was observed. </LI> </UL> </P>

Comparative analysis of VMT genes/proteins in selected plant species with emphasis on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Sharma Hemant,Shayaba,Kumar Rahul,Kumar Jitendra,Bhadana Deepa,Batra Ritu,Singh Rakhi,Kumar Sachin,Roy Joy K,Balyan Harindra S.,Gupta Pushpendra K. 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.11

Background In recent years, the study of molecular basis of uptake, transport and utilization of grain Fe/Zn (GFe/GZn) in wheat has been an active area of research. As a result, it has been shown that a number of transporters are involved in uptake and transport of Fe. In a recent study, knockout of a transporter gene OsVMT (VACUOLAR MUGINEIC ACID TRANSPORTER) in rice was shown to be involved in Fe homoeostasis. Objective In this study, we analysed VMT genes among six monocots and three dicots with major emphasis on wheat VMT genes (TaVMTs), taking OsVMT gene as a reference. Methods and results Using OsVMT gene as a reference, VMT genes were identified and sequence similarities were examined among six monocots and three dicots. Each VMT protein carried one functional domain and 7 to 10 distinct motifs (including 9 novel motifs). The qRT-PCR analysis showed differential expression by all the six TaVMT genes in pairs of contrasting wheat genotypes with high (FAR4 and WB02) and low (K8027 and HD3226) GFe/GZn at two different grain filling stages (14 DAA and 28 DAA). TaVMT1 genes showed up-regulation in high GFe/Zn genotypes relative to low GFe/Zn genotypes, whereas the TaVMT2 genes showed down-regulation or nonsignificant up-regulation in a few cases. Conclusions At 14 DAA, each of the six TaVMT genes exhibited higher expression in wheat genotypes with high GFe and GZn relative to those with low GFe and GZn, suggesting major role of VMT genes in improvement of grain Fe/Zn homoeostasis, thus making TaVMT genes useful for improvement in Fe/Zn in wheat grains.