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홍경선,정태영,좌야굉명,지하농낭,중도방야,안보계일 한국축산학회 1997 한국축산학회지 Vol.39 No.4
This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of VFA composition of rumen fluid and heat exposure on the blood constituents and acid-base balance in sheep. Each infusion group was subjected to either thermoneutral(20±2℃) or heat(30±2℃) environment for 4 days. Four adult Suffolk sheep fitted with a permanent ruminal cannula and a simple T-shaped duodenal cannula were used and infusion nutrients were examined by use of the continuous alimentation technique. A peristaltic pump was used to infuse the solutions of volatile fatty acid triglycerides(VFA-TG) consisting of 70 triacetin : 20 tripropionin : 10 tributyrin (low propionin division: LP) and 50 triacetin : 40 tripropionin : 10 tributyrin (high propionin division: HP) on the basis of energy and minerals into the rumen, and casein solution into the duodenum. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations almost remained unchanged by the temperature treatment and the levels of VFA-TG solutions(LP and HP). Plasma lactate concentration increased(P$lt;0.05) during the heat exposure at the HP division, but was not affected by the levels of VFA-TG solutions. Plasma TG concentration increased(P$lt;0.01) during the heat exposure at the LP division probably due to the days of VFA-TG infusion rather than the heat stress. Plasma urine-N concentration tended to be higher under the heat exposure and increased in the HP than LP division. 2. During the heat exposure at the LP division, blood HCO₃-concentration almost did not exhibit clear changes, but blood Pco₂ tended to be decreased and blood pH tended to be increased (condition of respiratory alkalosis), and blood base excess concentration tended to be higher. 3. Blood Hb concentration tended to be lower in the LP division but remained unchanged by the temperature treatment in the HP division and was not affected by the levels of VFA-TG solutions. 4. Blood Na^+ concentration tended to be lower under the heat environment than the thermoneutral environment. Blood K^+ concentration remained unchanged by temperature and the levels of VFA-TG solutions. Blood Ca^(2+) concentration
저온환경에 있어서 VFA - TG 인공영양사육 면양의 제1위내 VFA 조성비율이 일반임상소견 및 제1위액성상에 미치는 영향
홍경선,정태영,좌야굉명,중도방야,지하농랑,안보가일 한국축산학회 1997 한국축산학회지 Vol.39 No.5
This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of VFA composition of rumen fluid and cold exposure on the general clinical view and ruminal fermentation characteristics in sheep. Each infusion group was subjected to either thermoneutral (20±2 ℃) or cold environment (2±2℃) for 4 days. The total infusate of nutrients was examined in sheep via the technique of continuous alimentation. Four adult Suffolk sheep fitted with a permanent ruminal cannula and a simple T-shaped duodenal cannula were used. A peristaltic pump was used to infuse the solutions of volatile fatty acid triglycerides (VFA-TG, triacetin: tripropionin: tributyrin) consisting of 70:20:10 (low propionin division: LP) and 50:40:10 (high propionin division: HP) on the basis of energy and minerals into the rumen, and casein solution into the duodenum. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. During the cold exposure (latter half of the infusion period), respiration rate decreased (P$lt;0.10), but heart rate tended to increase in the thermoneutral environment. And respiration rate had no significant difference between the levels of VFA-TG solutions (LP and HP division), but heart rate was higher in the HP division than in the LP division (P$lt;0.10). 2. In the HP division, rectal temperature was lower (P$lt;0.001) in the cold exposure than in the thermoneutral environment, but remained unchanged by the temperature treatment in the LP division. During the thermoneutral environment, rectal temperature was higher in the HP division than in the LP division (P$lt;0.01), but remained unchanged by the levels of VFA-TG solutions in the cold exposure. 3. Urine pH values maintained the value of the thermoneutral environment during the latter half of the infusion period, and was lower (P$lt;0.05) in the HP division than in the LP division. 4. Ruminal total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration tended to increase in the cold exposure compared to that in the thermoneutral environment, and did not affect with the levels of VFA-TG solutions. 5. In the LP division, molar percent of acetate was higher (P$lt;0.10), but molar percent of propionate was lower (P$lt;0.05) in the cold exposure than in the thermoneutral environment. As a result, the ratio of acetate to propionate (A:P ratio) increased more (P$lt;0.10) in the cold exposure than in the thermoneutral environment. In the HP division, molar percents of acetate, propionate and butyrate were not affected by the temperature treatments. The results showed that the A:P ratio was not affected by the environmental temperature treatments. However the ratio was increased in the LP division than in the HP division (P$lt;0.001). 6. Ruminal pH values was not affected by the temperature treatments, but was higher (P$lt;0.001) in the LP division than in the HP division. And ruminal pH values tended to be higher in the HP division than in the LP division. 7. Infusion of VFA-TG into the rumen caused a marked increase (P$lt;0.01) in ruminal TG concentration during the cold exposure (latter half of the infusion period), but it was not affected by the levels of VFA-TG solutions.
Shiga, S.,Hirooka, Y.,Miyashita, Y.,Yagi, S.,Machacon, H.T.C.,Karasawa, T.,Nakamura, H. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2001 International journal of automotive technology Vol.2 No.1
This paper presents further investigation into the effect of over-expansion cycle in a spark-ignition engine. On the basis of the results obtained in previous studies, several combinations of late-closing (LC) of intake valve and expansion ratio were tested using a single-cylinder production engine. A large volume of intake capacity was inserted into the intake manifold to simulate multi-cylinder engines. With the large capacity volume, LC can decrease the pumping loss and then increase the mechanical efficiency. Increasing the expansion ratio from 11 to 23.9 with LC application can produce about 13% improvement of thermal efficiency which was suggested to be caused by the increased cycle efficiency. The decrease of compression ratio from 11 to 5.5 gives little effect on the thermal efficiency if the expansion ratio could be kept constant. Thus, the expansion ratio is revealed to be a determining factor for cycle efficiency, while compression ratio is no more important, which suggests the usefulness of controlling the intake charge with intake valve closure timing. These were successfully explained by simple thermodynamic calculation and thus the mechanism could be verified by the estimation.
S. SHIGA,Y. HIROOKA,Y. MIYASHITA,S. YAGI,H. T. C. MACHACON,T. KARASAWA,H. NAKAMURA 한국자동차공학회 2001 International journal of automotive technology Vol.2 No.1
This paper presents further investigation into the effect of over-expansion cycle in a spark-ignition engine. On the basis of the results obtained in previous studies. several combinations of late-closing (LC) of intake valve and expansion ratio were tested using a single-cylinder production engine. A large volume of intake capacity was inserted into the intake manifold to simulate multi-cylinder engines. With the large capacity volume. LC can decrease the pumping loss and then increase the mechanical efficiency. Increasing the expansion ratio from 11 to 23.9 with LC application can produce about 13% improvement of thermal efficiency which was suggested to be caused by the increased cycle efficiency. The decrease of compression ratio from 11 to 5.5 gives little effect on the thermal efficiency if the expansion ratio could be kept constant. Thus. the expansion ratio is revealed to be a determining factor for cycle efficiency. while compression ratio is no more important. which suggests the usefulness of controlling the intake charge with intake valve closure timing. These were successfully explained by simple thermodynamic calculation and thus the mechanism could be verified by the estimation.<br/>
細胞質雄性不稔系統을 利用한 油菜 Heterosis育種開發에 關한 硏究 第1報, 細胞質雄性不稔系統을 利用한 有用形質의 Heterosis 發現과 稔性回復力 調査
J. I. LEE(李正日),T. SHIGA(志賀敏夫),B. S. KWON(權炳善) 한국육종학회 1976 한국육종학회지 Vol.8 No.2
Cytoplasmic male-sterility line was found by Shiga in Japan. We have investigated the degree of heterosis of agronomic characters and ability of fertility restoration of F₁ from the cross between cytoplasmic male-sterilie line and 157 varieties as pollen parents of Korea, Japan and Europe. That result has appeared with highly desirable heterosis, particulary in yielding and most yield component characters except on 1,000 seed weight but plant height was tall and maturing was late. Ability of Fertility restoration of F₁ hybrids from Europe pollen parent varieties was 74% but that of Japanese pollen parent varieties was low as 5%. It seems that high yielding of F₁ from fertility non-restoration varieties may be caused by the polly cross.
Kazuhide Inage,Sumihisa Orita,Yawara Eguchi,Yasuhiro Shiga,Masao Koda,Yasuchika Aoki,Toshiaki Kotani,Tsutomu Akazawa,Takeo Furuya,Junichi Nakamura,Hiroshi Takahashi,Miyako Suzuki-Narita,Satoshi Maki,S 연세대학교의과대학 2021 Yonsei medical journal Vol.62 No.9
Purpose: In this multicenter retrospective observational study, we examined the early effects of romosozumab in patients with severeosteoporosis in terms of time-course changes in bone metabolism marker, improvement in bone density, and adverse effects. Materials and Methods: Patients with severe osteoporosis were included. We investigated the progress of TRACP 5b and P1NPbefore and 1–2 months after the administration of romosozumab. We also investigated the bone density of lumbar spine, femoralneck, and the entire femur, measured by the DXA method, before and 5–7 months after the administration of romosozumab. Results: A total of 70 patients (7 males and 63 females, age 75.0±3.6 years) participated in this study. Significant improvements inTRACP 5b and P1NP levels were observed before and 1–2 months after romosozumab administration. The average bone densityof lumbar spine, femoral neck, and the entire femur were measured before and 5–7 months after romosozumab administration;and a significant increase only observed in the lumbar spine. Conclusion: Consistent with the findings of previous clinical studies, romosozumab has both bone formation-enhancing andbone resorption effects (dual effect). In addition, romosozumab also demonstrated improvement in bone density from the earlyphase after the administration, though the result was only seen in the lumbar spine.