Performance Evaluation of Coated Carbide Tool in Machining of Stainless Steel (AISI 202) under Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL)

J. S. Dureja,Ranjit Singh,Talwinder Singh,Pargat Singh,Manu Dogra,Manpreet S. Bhatti 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.2 No.2

The benefits of cutting fluids in machining are well known, but their use is accompanied by health and environment hazards. Moreover, strict environmental regulations make the manufacturers to switch over to dry turning, which is not feasible during machining of sticky material like stainless steel and Inconel etc. Therefore, the use of minimal quantities of lubricant (MQL) can be regarded as an alternative solution and a step towards green machining. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to explore the potential of MQL turning of stainless steel with coated carbide cutting tool. Turning under MQL conditions has shown superior results (in terms of flank wear and machined surface roughness) over wet and dry turning. Signal to noise (S/N) ratio as per Taguchi design revealed speed and MQL as significant parameters for minimizing flank wear and surface roughness, whereas feed can be set within range. The optimum combination of parameters are cutting speed (58 m/min), feed rate (0.06 mm/rev.) and MQL flow rate (100 mL/h) for flank wear and cutting speed (23 m/min), feed rate (0.07 mm/rev.) and MQL flow rate (150 mL/h) for surface roughness. Taguchi optimized conditions were validated through multiple response optimization using desirability function.

치아 교정 브라켓 부착면의 응력 및 변형에 대한 유한요소 연구

정윤재,S. Ranjit,김원태 한국기계기술학회 2015 한국기계기술학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.03

Orthodontic is important to apply the optimal orthodontic force. The orthodontic bracket is deformed and the stress caused by tension and torsion of the wire. In this study, using the ANSYS the material that is currently widely used in orthodontic bracket material of stainless steel, ceramic, titanium, polycarbonate, by applying the nitinol analyzed the strain and the stress distribution on the bracket side. Simulation results on the stress distribution and deformation, and it was found a difference of each material.

From Genome-Based In Silico Predictions to Ex Vivo Verification of Leprosy Diagnosis

Geluk, Annemieke,Spencer, John S.,Bobosha, Kidist,Pessolani, Maria C. V.,Pereira, Geraldo M. B.,Banu, Sayera,Honoré,, Nadine,Reece, Stephen T.,MacDonald, Murdo,Sapkota, Bishwa Raj,Ranjit, Chaman American Society for Microbiology 2009 CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.16 No.3

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>The detection of hundreds of thousands of new cases of leprosy every year suggests that transmission of <I>Mycobacterium leprae</I> infection still continues. Unfortunately, tools for identification of asymptomatic disease and/or early-stage <I>M. leprae</I> infection (likely sources of transmission) are lacking. The recent identification of <I>M. leprae</I>-unique genes has allowed the analysis of human T-cell responses to novel <I>M. leprae</I> antigens. Antigens with the most-promising diagnostic potential were tested for their ability to induce cytokine secretion by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from leprosy patients and controls in five different areas where leprosy is endemic; 246 individuals from Brazil, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Ethiopia were analyzed for gamma interferon responses to five recombinant proteins (ML1989, ML1990, ML2283, ML2346, and ML2567) and 22 synthetic peptides. Of these, the <I>M. leprae</I>-unique protein ML1989 was the most frequently recognized and ML2283 the most specific for <I>M. leprae</I> infection/exposure, as only a limited number of tuberculosis patients responded to this antigen. However, all proteins were recognized by a significant number of controls in areas of endemicity. T-cell responses correlated with in vitro response to <I>M. leprae</I>, suggesting that healthy controls in areas where leprosy is endemic are exposed to <I>M. leprae</I>. Importantly, 50% of the healthy household contacts and 59% of the controls in areas of endemicity had no detectable immunoglobulin M antibodies to <I>M. leprae</I>-specific PGL-I but responded in T-cell assays to ≥1 <I>M. leprae</I> protein. T-cell responses specific for leprosy patients and healthy household contacts were observed for ML2283- and ML0126-derived peptides, indicating that <I>M. leprae</I> peptides hold potential as diagnostic tools. Future work should concentrate on the development of a sensitive and field-friendly assay and identification of additional peptides and proteins that can induce <I>M. leprae</I>-specific T-cell responses.</P>

치아 교정 브라켓의 재료적 특성에 따른 응력 및 변형에 대한 유한요소 연구

정윤재(Yoon-Jae Chung),S.Ranjit,김원태(Won-Tae Kim),박찬 한국산학기술학회 2014 한국산학기술학회 학술대회 Vol.- No.-

본 논문에서는 치아용 교정 브라켓에 대해 유한 요소 모델러를 개발하여 전산시뮬레이션을 수행하였 다. 이로부터 서로 다른 재료의 브라켓에 와이어 결착 시 와이어의 압력 및 뒤틀림에 의해 생기는 응 력 분포 및 변형에 대해 연구하여 보다 나은 브라켓을 찾아내는 것이 목적이다. 스테인리스 스틸, 세 라믹, 티타늄, 폴리카보네이트, 니티놀 등 5가지 재료의 브라켓으로 시뮬레이션 해석한 결과 최대 응력 은 니티놀에서, 최소 응력은 티타늄 브라켓임을 확인 하였다. 또한 최대 변형은 폴리카보네이트, 최소 변형은 세라믹 브라켓임을 확인하였다.

Improved Survival of Cervical Cancer Patients in a Screened Population in Rural India

Jayant, Kasturi,Sankaranarayanan, Rengaswamy,Thorat, Ranjit V,Muwonge, Richard,Hingmire, Sanjay J,Panse, Nandkumar S,Shastri, Surendra S,Malvi, Sylla G,Nene, Bhagwan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.11

Objectives: To describe the survival experience of cervix cancer patients in a screened rural population in India. Methods: Included 558 cervical cancer patients diagnosed in 2000-2013 in a cohort of 100,258 women invited for screening during 2000-2003. The primary end point was death from cervical cancer. We used the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate cumulative observed survival and Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the effect of patient characteristics on survival after diagnosis. Results: Of the 558 cases included, 143 (26%) and 114 (20%) were diagnosed in stages IA and IB respectively; 252 (45.2%) were dead, and 306 (54.8%) were alive at the last follow-up. The overall 5-year observed survival was 60.5%. The 5-year survival of stage IA patients was 95.1% and 5.3% for stage IV patients. All surgically treated stage IA patients, 94.1% of stage IB patients receiving intracavitary radiotherapy, 62% of stage IIB, 49% of stage III and 25% of stage IV patients receiving radiotherapy survived for 5 years. Conclusion: Higher 5-year survival in our study than elsewhere in India is due to the high proportion of early stage cancers detected by screening combined with adequate treatment, resulting into a favourable prognosis.

Human Non-neutralizing HIV-1 Envelope Monoclonal Antibodies Limit the Number of Founder Viruses during SHIV Mucosal Infection in Rhesus Macaques

Santra, Sampa,Tomaras, Georgia D.,Warrier, Ranjit,Nicely, Nathan I.,Liao, Hua-Xin,Pollara, Justin,Liu, Pinghuang,Alam, S. Munir,Zhang, Ruijun,Cocklin, Sarah L.,Shen, Xiaoying,Duffy, Ryan,Xia, Shi-Mao Public Library of Science 2015 PLoS pathogens Vol.11 No.8

<▼1><P>HIV-1 mucosal transmission begins with virus or virus-infected cells moving through mucus across mucosal epithelium to infect CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells. Although broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are the type of HIV-1 antibodies that are most likely protective, they are not induced with current vaccine candidates. In contrast, antibodies that do not neutralize primary HIV-1 strains in the TZM-bl infection assay are readily induced by current vaccine candidates and have also been implicated as secondary correlates of decreased HIV-1 risk in the RV144 vaccine efficacy trial. Here, we have studied the capacity of anti-Env monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against either the immunodominant region of gp41 (7B2 IgG1), the first constant region of gp120 (A32 IgG1), or the third variable loop (V3) of gp120 (CH22 IgG1) to modulate <I>in vivo</I> rectal mucosal transmission of a high-dose simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV-BaL) in rhesus macaques. 7B2 IgG1 or A32 IgG1, each containing mutations to enhance Fc function, was administered passively to rhesus macaques but afforded no protection against productive clinical infection while the positive control antibody CH22 IgG1 prevented infection in 4 of 6 animals. Enumeration of transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses revealed that passive infusion of each of the three antibodies significantly reduced the number of T/F genomes. Thus, some antibodies that bind HIV-1 Env but fail to neutralize virus in traditional neutralization assays may limit the number of T/F viruses involved in transmission without leading to enhancement of viral infection. For one of these mAbs, gp41 mAb 7B2, we provide the first co-crystal structure in complex with a common cyclical loop motif demonstrated to be critical for infection by other retroviruses.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Antibodies specifically recognize antigenic sites on pathogens and can mediate multiple antiviral functions through engagement of effector cells via their Fc region. Current HIV-1 vaccine candidates induce polyclonal antibody responses with multiple antiviral functions, but do not induce broadly neutralizing antibodies. An improved understanding of whether certain types of non-neutralizing HIV-1 specific antibodies can individually protect against HIV-1 infection may facilitate vaccine development. Here, we test whether non-neutralizing antibodies with multiple antiviral functions mediated through FcR engagement and recognition of virus particles or virus-infected cells can limit infection, despite lacking classical virus neutralization activity. In a passive antibody infusion-rhesus macaque challenge model, we tested the ability of non-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to limit virus acquisition. We demonstrate that two different types of non-neutralizing antibodies, one that recognizes both virus particles and infected cells (7B2) and another that recognizes only infected cells (A32) were capable of decreasing the number of transmitted founder viruses. Further, we provide the structure of 7B2 in complex with the gp41 cyclical loop motif, a motif critical for entry. These findings provide insights into the role that antibodies with antiviral properties, including virion capture and FcR mediated effector function, may play in protecting against HIV-1 acquisition.</P></▼2>