An approach to MgCl2 activation on CdSe thin films for solar cells

S.L. Patel,A. Purohit,S. Chander,M.D. Kannan,M.S. Dhaka 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.7

The energy demand of the world is rapidly increasing and to cater this, there is a need to explore new renewable energy resources. CdSe thin film solar cells may be promising alternative to the CdTe solar cells which are extensively studied and used in solar cell technology. The pre/post deposition chlorine based treatments (viz. CdCl2, MgCl2, NH4Cl) are the important steps to enhance the performance of Cd-based thin film solar cells. Therefore, a study on MgCl2 activation treatment to CdSe thin films for solar cell applications as absorber layer is undertaken. Different physical properties of e-beam evaporated CdSe films (thickness 550 nm) grown on glass and ITO substrates are investigated and found to be strongly dependent on the post-chlorine treatment. The films have cubic zinc-blende structure and phase transformation from cubic (111) to hexagonal (002) is achieved with the MgCl2 treatment while the optical band gap is reduced. I-V characteristics reveal the linear relation between voltage and current as well as the surface roughness is varied with treatment and improved homogeneity. The deposition of CdSe thin films is confirmed by elemental analysis where Cd and Se were found to be rich with treatment. The investigated results suggest that CdSe thin films treated by MgCl2 and annealed at 320 °C may be a viable alternative absorber layer to the Cd-based solar cells.

A New Selective Assembly Model for Achieving Specified Tolerance in High Precision Assemblies

S. M. Kannan,G. Raja Pandian 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.21 No.7

Manufacturing of high precision assemblies pose a great challenge to engineers. High precision assemblies are generally assembled using selective assembly when the assembly tolerance requirement is less than the sum of the part tolerances. Although extensive research has been done in selective assembly modelling for minimising surplus parts and tolerance variation, they do not suit given specifications. In this paper, a new selective assembly model using a genetic algorithm is proposed to provide a detailed method for assembling parts for achieving specified assembly tolerance with minimum surplus parts. This model provides the best combination of selective groups and the number of assemblies in each group and so the assembly process is simplified. Genetic Algorithm is used to find the best combinations and the number of assemblies in each combination to minimize surplus parts. This paper analyses the effectiveness of the model for given target assembly tolerance for a linear assembly and it can be extended to any type of product.

FINITE ELEMENT GALERKIN SOLUTIONS FOR THE STRONGLY DAMPED EXTENSIBLE BEAM EQUATIONS

Choo, S.M.,Chung, S.K.,Kannan, R. 한국전산응용수학회 2002 The Korean journal of computational & applied math Vol.9 No.1

Finite element Galerkin solutions for the strongly damped extensible beam equations are considered. The semidiscrete scheme and a fully discrete time Galerkin method are studied and the corresponding stability and error estimates are obtained. Ratios of numerical convergence are given.

Characterization of lead resistant endophytic Bacillus sp. MN3-4 and its potential for promoting lead accumulation in metal hyperaccumulator Alnus firma

Shin, M.N.,Shim, J.,You, Y.,Myung, H.,Bang, K.S.,Cho, M.,Kamala-Kannan, S.,Oh, B.T. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2012 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.199 No.-

The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria from the roots of the metal hyperaccumulator plant Alnus firma. A total of 14 bacterial endophytes were isolated from root samples and assayed for tolerance to heavy metals. Isolate MN3-4 exhibited maximum bioremoval of Pb and was subsequently identified as Bacillus sp. based on 16S rRNA sequences. The pH and initial metal concentration highly influenced the Pb bioremoval rate. The growth of isolate MN3-4 was moderately altered in the presence of metals. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, biological-transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that isolate MN3-4 had extracellularly sequestered the Pb molecules with little intracellular accumulation. Isolate MN3-4 did not harbor pbrA and pbrT genes. Moreover, isolate MN3-4 had the capacity to produce siderophores and indoleacetic acid. A root elongation assay demonstrated an increase (46.25%) in the root elongation of inoculated Brassica napus seedlings compared to that of the control plants. Obtained results pointed out that isolate MN3-4 could potentially reduce heavy metal phytotoxicity and increase Pb accumulation in A. firma plants.

Higher concentrations of folic acid reduced the dietary requirements of supplemental methionine for commercial broilers

Rama Rao S. V.,Raju M.V.L.N.,Nagalakshm D.,Srilatha T.,Paul S.S.,Prakash B,Kannan A 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.5

Objective: An experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementing DL methionine (DL Met) at graded concentrations on performance, carcass variables, immune responses and antioxidant variables in broiler chicken fed folic acid (FA) fortified (4 mg/kg) lowmethionine diet. Methods: A basal diet (BD) without supplemental DL Met, but with higher level (4 mg/kg) of FA and a control diet (CD) with the recommended concentration of methionine (Met) were prepared. The BD was supplemented with DL Met at graded concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% supplemental DL Met of CD). Each diet was fed ad libitum to 10 replicates of 5 broiler male chicks in each from 1 to 42 d of age. Results: Body weight gain (BWG) reduced, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased in broilers fed low-Met BD. At 30% and 20% inclusion of DL met, the BWG and FCR, respectively were similar to those fed the CD. Similarly, supplementation of 10% DL Met to the BD significantly increased ready to cook meat yield and breast meat weight, which were similar to those of the CD fed broilers. Lipid peroxidation reduced, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (GSHPx and GSHRx) in serum increased and lymphocyte proliferation increased with increased supplemental DL Met level in the BD. The concentrations of total protein and albumin in serum increased with DL Met supplementation to the BD. Conclusion: Based on the data, it can be concluded that supplemental Met can be reduced to less than 50% in broiler chicken diets (4.40, 3.94, and 3.39 g/kg, respectively in pre-starter, starter and finisher phases) containing 4 mg/kg FA.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using cow milk and their antifungal activity against phytopathogens

Lee, K.J.,Park, S.H.,Govarthanan, M.,Hwang, P.H.,Seo, Y.S.,Cho, M.,Lee, W.H.,Lee, J.Y.,Kamala-Kannan, S.,Oh, B.T. North-Holland 2013 Materials letters Vol.105 No.-

Silver nanoparticles have wide application in different scientific fields. The present study reports the simple and eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using cow milk. The X-ray diffraction peaks (2θ-37.76, 46.12, 67.4, and 76.84) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy peak, approximately at 3keV, confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles. Transmission electron micrograph showed that nanoparticles are mostly circular with an average size of 30-90nm. The proteins present in cow milk could be responsible for Ag<SUP>+</SUP> ions reduction. The synthesized nanoparticles (2mM) can significantly inhibit (87.1%, 86.5%, and 83.5%) the growth of phytopathogens Colletotrichum coccodes, Monilinia sp., and Pyricularia sp.

Effect of graded levels of soapnut (Sapindus mukorossi) shell powder on reproductive performance in broiler breeders

S.K. Chaudhary,A. B. Mandal,R.Bhar,M. Gopi,A. Kannan,S. E. Jadhav,J.J. Rokade 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.1

Objective: This study investigated the effects of soapnut (Sapindus mukorossi) shell powder (SSP) on serum hormone level, egg quality, semen characteristics and reproductive performance of broiler breeders fed with a maize-soybean meal based diet. Methods: Ninety six female and twenty four male CARIBRO-VISHAL broiler breeders, 38-week old, were individually caged and randomly allocated to four treatment groups (24 female breeders/treatment and 6 male breeders/treatment): an un-supplemented control (T1) and three groups with 0.0176% SSP (group T2), 0.026% SSP (group T3) and 0.0528% SSP (group T4), to have supplementary saponin at 0, 50, 75, and 150 ppm, respectively, for 42 days. Results: The results indicated that serum (p<0.001) and seminal plasma (p<0.05) testosterone level, semen volume (p<0.001), mass motility (p<0.001), and live spermatozoa count (p<0.001) was increased in groups T3 and T4 compared to T2 and control groups. Compared with control group, total sperm count was increased (p<0.001) and dead spermatozoa count was decreased (p<0.001) in SSP supplemented groups. Supplementation of SSP did not affected the quality of egg lay. Compared with control group, fertility (p<0.01) and hatchability (total eggs set and fertile eggs set) (p<0.001) were significantly improved in SSP supplemented groups with the highest improvement in T3 treatment group. Embryonic death was decreased (p< 0.001) in SSP supplemented groups compared to control; lowest embryonic death was recorded in T3 treatment group. Conclusion: Thus, it was concluded that dietary supplementation of 0.026% SSP (saponin equivalent 75 ppm) improved the reproductive performance of broiler breeders.

Tracking/Erosion Resistance Analysis of Nano-Al(OH)₃ Filled Silicone Rubber Insulating Materials for High Voltage DC Applications

Kannan, P.,Sivakumar, M.,Mekala, K.,Chandrasekar, S. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.1

HVDC technology has become popular as an economic mode of bulk power transmission over very long distances. Polymeric insulators in HVDC power transmission lines are affected by surface tracking and erosion problems due to contamination deposit, which pose a greater challenge in maintaining the reliability of the HVDC system. In addition, polymeric insulators are also naturally affected by aging due to various environmental stresses, which in turn accelerates the surface tracking and erosion problems. Research works towards the improvement of tracking and erosion resistance of polymeric insulators by adding nano-sized fillers in the base material are being carried out worldwide. However, surface tracking and erosion performance of nano-filled aged polymeric insulators for HVDC applications are not well reported. Hence, in the present work, tracking and erosion resistance of the nano $Al(OH)_3$ filled silicone rubber insulation material has been evaluated under DC voltages at different filler concentrations and aged conditions, as per IEC 60587 test procedures. Leakage current and contact angle measurements were carried out to understand the surface hydrophobicity. Moving average technique was used to analyze the trend followed by leakage current. Water aged specimen shows less tracking resistance when compared with thermal aged specimen. It is observed that nano-filler concentration of 5% is even sufficient to get better tracking/erosion resistance under DC voltages.

Crossover from negative to positive magnetoresistance in the double quantum well system with different starting disorder

Kannan, E S,Karamad, M,Kim, Gil-Ho,Farrer, I,Ritchie, D A IOP Pub 2010 Journal of physics, an Institute of Physics journa Vol.22 No.4

<P>Magnetotransport measurements were performed in two widely separated double quantum well systems with different starting disorders. In the weak magnetic field regime, a crossover from negative to positive magnetoresistance in the longitudinal resistivity was observed in the system with weak disorder when the electron densities in the neighboring wells were significantly unbalanced. The crossover was found to be the result of the exchange-energy-assisted interactions between the electrons occupying the lowest subbands in the neighboring wells. In the case of the system with strong disorder short range scattering dominated the scattering process and no such transition in longitudinal resistivity in the low magnetic field regime was observed. However, at high magnetic fields, sharp peaks were observed in the Hall resistance due to the interaction between the edge states in the quantum Hall regime. </P>

Combined Economic and Emission Dispatch with Valve-point loading of Thermal Generators using Modified NSGA-II

M. Rajkumar,K. Mahadevan,S. Kannan,S. Baskar 대한전기학회 2013 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.8 No.3

This paper discusses the application of evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms namely Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) and Modified NSGA-II (MNSGA-II) for solving the Combined Economic Emission Dispatch (CEED) problem with valvepoint loading. The valve-point loading introduce ripples in the input-output characteristics of generating units and make the CEED problem as a non-smooth optimization problem. IEEE 57-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems are taken to validate its effectiveness of NSGA-II and MNSGA-II. To compare the Pareto-front obtained using NSGA-II and MNSGA-II, reference Pareto-front is generated using multiple runs of Real Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA) with weighted sum of objectives. Furthermore, three different performance metrics such as convergence, diversity and Inverted Generational Distance (IGD) are calculated for evaluating the closeness of obtained Pareto-fronts. Numerical results reveal that MNSGA-II algorithm performs better than NSGA-II algorithm to solve the CEED problem effectively.