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THE THICK DISK IN THE GALAXY NGC 4244 FROM S<sup>4</sup>G IMAGING
Comeró,n, Sé,bastien,Knapen, Johan H.,Sheth, Kartik,Regan, Michael W.,Hinz, Joannah L.,Gil de Paz, Armando,Mené,ndez-Delmestre, Karí,n,Muñ,oz-Mateos, Juan-Carlos,Seibert, IOP Publishing 2011 The Astrophysical journal Vol.729 No.1
<P>If thick disks are ubiquitous and a natural product of disk galaxy formation and/or evolution processes, all undisturbed galaxies that have evolved during a significant fraction of a Hubble time should have a thick disk. The late-type spiral galaxy NGC 4244 has been reported as the only nearby edge-on galaxy without a confirmed thick disk. Using data from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S(4)G) we have identified signs of two disk components in this galaxy. The asymmetries between the light profiles on both sides of the mid-plane of NGC 4244 can be explained by a combination of the galaxy not being perfectly edge-on and a certain degree of opacity of the thin disk. We argue that the subtlety of the thick disk is a consequence of either a limited secular evolution in NGC 4244, a small fraction of stellar material in the fragments which built the galaxy, or a high amount of gaseous accretion after the formation of the galaxy.</P>
Shear strengthening of RC beams with Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) composites
Kar, S.,Biswal, K.C. Techno-Press 2020 Advances in concrete construction Vol.10 No.2
Basalt fiber is an eco-friendly fiber and comparatively newer to the world of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. A limited number of studies have been reported in the literature on the strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP). The present experimental work explores the feasibility of using the BFRP strips for shear strengthening of the RC beams. The strengthening schemes include full wrap and U-wrap. A simple mechanical anchorage scheme has been introduced to prevent the debonding of U-wrap as well as to utilize the full capacity of the BFRP composite. The effect of varying shear span-to-effective depth (a/d) ratio on the behavior of shear deficient RC beams strengthened with BFRP strips under different schemes is examined. The RC beams were tested under a four-point loading system. The study finds that the beams strengthened with and without BFRP strips fails in shear for a/d ratio 2.5 and the enhancement of the shear capacity of strengthened beams ranges from 5% to 20%. However, the strengthened beams fail in flexure, and the control beam fails in shear for a higher a/d ratio, i.e., 3.5. The experimental results of the present study have been compared with the analytical study and found that the latter gives conservative results.
CONGRUENCES ON TERNARY SEMIGROUPS
Kar, S.,Maity, B.K. 충청수학회 2007 충청수학회지 Vol.20 No.3
In this paper we introduce the notion of congruence on a ternary semigroup and study some interesting properties. We also introduce the notions of cancellative congruence, group congruence and Rees congruence and characterize these congruences in ternary semigroups.
INVENTORY OF DIFFERENTIAL ITEMS SELLING AT TWO SHOPS UNDER SINGLE MANAGEMENT
Kar, S.,Bhunia, A.K.,Maiti, M. 한국전산응용수학회 2003 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.11 No.1
Inventory of differential (both good And defective) items purchased in a lot for two shops under a single management is considered here. In the primary shop, the lot is received and separated, only good units are sold and shortages are allowed which are backlogged from the good units specially purchased at the beginning of the next cycle. The separated defective units are continuously transferred and sold at a reduced price from the secondary shop. This inventory model is formulated and illustrated numerically for three scenarios depending upon the time periods of the shops. Inventory, deterioration, two shops.
Uptake during an oral cholera vaccine pilot demonstration program, Odisha, India.
Kar, Shantanu K,Pach, Alfred,Sah, Binod,Kerketta, Anna S,Patnaik, Bikash,Mogasale, VijayaLaxmi,Kim, Yang Hee,Rath, Shyam Bandhu,Shin, Sunheang,Khuntia, Hemant K,Bhattachan, Anuj,Puri, Mahesh K,Wierzba Landes Bioscience 2014 Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Vol.10 No.10
<P>Approximately 30% of reported global cholera cases occur in India. In 2011, a household survey was conducted 4 months after an oral cholera vaccine pilot demonstration project in Odisha India to assess factors associated with vaccine up-take and exposure to a communication and social mobilization campaign. Nine villages were purposefully selected based on socio-demographics and demonstration participation rates. Households were stratified by level of participation and randomly selected. Bivariate and ordered logistic regression analyses were conducted. 517/600 (86%) selected households were surveyed. At the household level, participant compared to non-participant households were more likely to use the local primary health centers for general healthcare (P < 0.001). Similarly, at the village level, higher participation was associated with use of the primary health centers (P < 0.001) and private clinics (p = 0.032). Also at the village level, lower participation was associated with greater perceived availability of effective treatment for cholera (p = 0.013) and higher participation was associated with respondents reporting spouse as the sole decision-maker for household participation in the study. In terms of pre-vaccination communication, at the household level verbal communication was reported to be more useful than written communication. However written communication was perceived to be more useful by respondents in low-participating villages compared to average-participating villages (p = 0.007) These data on participation in an oral cholera vaccine demonstration program are important in light of the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations for pre-emptive use of cholera vaccine among vulnerable populations in endemic settings. Continued research is needed to further delineate barriers to vaccine up-take within and across targeted communities in low- and middle-income countries.</P>
CONGRUENCES ON TERNARY SEMIGROUPS
S, Kar,B, K, Maity 충청수학회 2007 충청수학회지 Vol.20 No.3
In this paper we introduce the notion of congruence on a ternary semigroup and study some interesting properties. We also introduce the notions of cancellative congruence, group congruence and Rees congruence and characterize these congruences in ternary semigroups.