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Progress and plan of KSTAR plasma control system upgrade
Hahn, S.h.,Kim, Y.J.,Penaflor, B.G.,Bak, J.G.,Han, H.,Hong, J.S.,Jeon, Y.M.,Jeong, J.H.,Joung, M.,Juhn, J.W.,Kim, J.S.,Kim, H.S.,Lee, W.R.,Woo, M.H.,Eidietis, N.W.,Ferron, J.R.,Humphreys, D.A.,Hyatt, North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Fusion engineering and design Vol.112 No.-
The plasma control system (PCS) has been one of essential systems in annual KSTAR plasma campaigns: starting from a single-process version in 2008, extensive upgrades are done through the previous 7 years in order to achieve major goals of KSTAR performance enhancement. Major implementations are explained in this paper. In consequences of successive upgrades, the present KSTAR PCS is able to achieve ~48s of 500kA plasma pulses with full real-time shaping controls and real-time NB power controls. It has become a huge system capable of dealing with 8 separate categories of algorithms, 26 actuators directly controllable during the shot, and real-time data communication units consisting of +180 analog channels and +600 digital input/outputs through the reflective memory (RFM) network. The next upgrade of the KSTAR PCS is planned in 2015 before the campaign. An overview of the upgrade layout will be given for this paper. The real-time system box is planned to use the CERN MRG-Realtime OS, an ITER-compatible standard operating system. New hardware is developed for faster real-time streaming system for future installations of actuators/diagnostics.
Ferrone, S.,Chang, C.-C.,Ogino, T.,Campoli, M.,Guarino, F.,Wang, X 가톨릭 의과학연구원 2002 가톨릭 의과학연구원 국제학술대회 Vol.6 No.-
Convincing evidence indicates that malignant transformation of cells is frequently associated with abnormalities in HLA class I antigen expression and/or function. These abnormalities appear to play a role in the clinical course of the disease, since they are associated with histopahtological characteristics of malignant lesions and with disease-free interval nad survival.
Development of ITER-relevant plasma control solutions at DIII-D
Humphreys, D.A.,Ferron, J.R.,Bakhtiari, M.,Blair, J.A.,In, Y.,Jackson, G.L.,Jhang, H.,Johnson, R.D.,Kim, J.S.,LaHaye, R.J.,Leuer, J.A.,Penaflor, B.G.,Schuster, E.,Walker, M.L.,Wang, H.,Welander, A.S. International Atomic Energy Agency 2007 Nuclear fusion Vol.47 No.8
<P>The requirements of the DIII-D physics program have led to the development of many operational control results with direct relevance to ITER. These include new algorithms for robust and sustained stabilization of neoclassical tearing modes with electron cyclotron current drive, model-based controllers for stabilization of the resistive wall mode in the presence of ELMs, coupled linear–nonlinear algorithms to provide good dynamic axisymmetric control while avoiding coil current limits, and adaptation of the DIII-D plasma control system (PCS) to operate next-generation superconducting tokamaks. Development of integrated plasma control (IPC), a systematic approach to model-based design and controller verification, has enabled successful experimental application of high reliability control algorithms requiring a minimum of machine operations time for testing and tuning. The DIII-D PCS hardware and software and its versions adapted for other devices can be connected to IPC simulations to confirm control function prior to experimental use. This capability has been important in control system implementation for tokamaks under construction and is expected to be critical for ITER.</P>