Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Combined with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C Hydrogel for Lymphangiogenesis

Kim, In Gul,Lee, Ji Youl,Lee, David S.,Kwon, Jeong Yi,Hwang, Ji Hye S. Karger AG 2013 Journal of vascular research Vol.50 No.2

<P>Abstract</P><P><B><I>Background/Aims:</I></B> Lymphedema is a clinically incurable disease that occurs commonly after lymph node dissection and/or irradiation. Several studies have recently demonstrated that extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) could promote lymphangiogenesis associated with expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C. This research concerned primarily the synergistic effect of ESWT combined with VEGF-C incorporated hydrogel (VEGF-C hydrogel) combination therapy for promoting lymphangiogenesis and ultimately alleviating lymphedema. <B><I>Methods:</I></B> The VEGF-C hydrogel was applied to the injury site in a mouse model of lymphedema and then regularly underwent ESWT (0.05 mJ/mm<SUP>2</SUP>, 500 shots) every 3 days for 4 weeks. <B><I>Results:</I></B> Four weeks after the treatment, mice treated with VEGF-C hydrogel and ESWT showed signs of the greatest decrease in edema/collagenous deposits when compared with the other experimental group. LYVE-1-positive vessels also revealed that the VEGF-C/ESWT group had significantly induced the growth of new lymphatic vessels compared to the other groups. Western blot analysis showed that expression of VEGF-C (1.24-fold) and VEGF receptor-3 (1.41-fold) was significantly increased in the VEGF-C/ESWT group compared to the normal group. <B><I>Conclusion:</I></B> These results suggested that VEGF-C and ESWT had a synergistic effect and were very effective in alleviating the symptoms of lymphedema and promoting lymphangiogenesis.</P><P>Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>

"아동 기질에 대한 부모 설문지"의 한글 표준화 연구

최성구,김승태,이소영,정유숙,홍성도,김이영 대한신경정신의학회 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.1

연구목적 : 저자들은 국내 기질연구에 장애가 되고 잇는 원인중의 하나가 표준화된 기질 평가도구의 미비라고 생각하였다. 따라서 저자들은 기질 연구의 효시가 되었던 Thomas와 chess에 의해 개발되고 표준화되었으며, 3세에서 7세 사이 아동의 기질을 부모설문지를 통하여 평가 할 수 있는 “Parental Temperament Questionnaire”의 한국어판 표준화를 위하여 본 연구를 설계하고 실시하였다. 방 법 : 연구대상은 전국 25곳의 삼성어린이집에 다니고 있는 1,175명의 아동이었다. 저자들에 의해 번역된 “아동 기질에 대한 기질 설문지”, 기존에 표준화되어 신뢰도와 타당도가 입증된 “한국판 걸음마기 기질평가 척도” 및 “예일 소아행동 평가척도”를 연구대상 아동의 부모들에게 배포한 후 채점된 결과를 이용하여 신뢰도 및 타당도를 검증하였다. 결 과 : 검사-재검사 신뢰도, 기질범주별 문항-범주 상관선, 내적 일관성 등의 신뢰도 검사에서 모두 만족할만한 수준의 값들을 보여주었다. 설문지사의 각 기질 범주 점수와 어머니가 느끼는 기질 범주사이의 상관성은 “산만성” 범주를 제외하고는 모든 범주에서 통계적 의의가 있었다. “아동 기질에 대한 기질 설문지”, 각 기질범주 점수와 “한국판 걸음마기 기질평가 척도”의 기질범주 사이의 상관관계에서 모든 기질 범주에서 통계적으로 유사한 상관관계를 보였다. “아동 기질에 대한 기질 설문지”의 9가지 기질 범주와 “예일 소아행동 평가척도”의 11가지 소척도 사이에는 다양한 상관관계를 보였다. 결 론 : 본 연구를 통하여 개발된 “아동 기질에 대한 기질 설문지”는 신뢰도 및 타당도면에서 검증된 표준화된 도구이며 향후 기질연구에 기초도구로 사용되길 기대한다. Objective : One of the factors that obstructs active progress of the temperament study in Korea is lack of the standardized assessment tools. Therefore, this study was designed and conducted for the purposed Korean standardization of “Parental Temperament Questionnaire (PTQ)”, which was developed by Thomas Chess, to assess the temperament of children between the ages of 3 and 7 years through parental questionnaire. Method : The samples consisted of 1,175 children who were attending nurseries nationwide. PTQ was translated into Korean language by the authors and distributed to the parents of these children, along with “Toddler Temperament Scale(TTS)” and “Yale Child Inventory(YCI)” which had been previously standardized by different investigators. The reliability and validity of the Korean version of PTQ were tested. Results : Test-retest reliability, item-category correlations and internal consistency of the Korean version of PTQ were generally satisfactory. Correlations between the perceived temperament and the rated temperament were statistically significant in all temperamental categories except destructibility. The correlation between PTQ and TTS was statistically significant in all categories. The 9 categories of PTQ correlated variously with 11 subscales of preschool behavioral assessment of YCL. Conclusion : The Korean version of PTQ is a standardized tool to assess the temperament of children between ages 3 and 7 years, which will be a useful basic tool for the study of temperament of Korean children.

정서억제와 주관적 안녕감: 문화 비교 연구

이은경,서은국,Thai Chu,Heejung S. Kim,David K. Sherman 한국사회및성격심리학회 2009 한국심리학회지 사회 및 성격 Vol.23 No.1

The present study examined possible cultural differences in the relation between emotion suppression and subjective well-being. Compared to Americans, Koreans reported chronically higher levels of emotion suppression, but reported less difficulty in doing so. Cultural variation also emerged in the individual characteristics associated with emotion suppression. Emotion suppression was negatively associated with extraversion in the U. S., whereas it related positively with conscientiousness in Korea. Consistent with past findings, Americans who habitually suppressed their emotions had lower self-esteem, were emotionally distanced from others, and experienced lower subjective well-being than others. Interestingly, these negative patterns were absent in the Korean sample. Overall, the negative psychological signs of emotion suppression seem less evident in Korean culture where collective goals and harmony take precedence over expressions of individuality. 본 연구는 정서억제와 주관적 안녕감의 관계가 문화에 따라 다르게 나타나는지 알아보았다. 연구 결과, 한국인들은 미국인들보다 일상생활에서 정서를 더 많이 억제하고, 정서표현 억제를 덜 어렵게 여기는 것으로 나타났다. 정서억제와 관련된 개인적 특성에서도 문화차가 있었다. 미국에서는 정서억제가 외향성과 부적 상관이 있었지만, 한국에서는 성실성과 정적 상관을 보였다. 기존의 연구들과 일관되게, 미국인 집단에서 정서억제를 많이 하는 사람들은 자아존중감이 낮고 친밀한 대인관계가 적으며, 주관적 안녕감 수준도 낮았다. 반면, 한국인 집단에서는 이러한 부정적 패턴이 나타나지 않았다. 개인의 표현보다 집단의 목표와 관계의 조화를 중시하는 한국 문화에서는 정서억제가 덜 부적응적일 수 있음을 논의하였다.

Differential Diagnosis of Chemical-induced Hepatobiliary Toxicities Using a New Hepatobiliary Imaging Agent in Mice

Chong-Kun Ryu,Jae-Eun Pie,Jae Gol Choe,Joon Cheon,Jeongwon Sohn,Jurgen Seidel,David S. Paik,Michael V. Green,Chang H. Paik,Meyoung-Kon Kim 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2001 한국환경성돌연변이·발암원학회지 Vol.21 No.1

We have synthesized 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3)-biocytin as a new imaging agent for hepatobiliary scintigraphy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of 99mTc-MAG3-biocytin scintigraphy in differentiating carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced hepatotoxicity from a-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis in mice, which reflecting the differential diagnosis of neonatal jaundice caused by neonatal hepatitis from congenital biliary atresia in humans. Methods: Balb/c mice (female, 20 g, n=4-6) were pretreated with CCl4 (0.5 or 1.0 ml/kg) and ANIT (150 or 300 mg/kg) 18 h before scintigraphy. Biochemical and histopathological examinations showed a pattern of typical acute hepatitis (increase of transaminases and hepatocellular necrosis) in CCl4-treated mice and cholestasis (increase of alkaline phosphatase and g-glutamyltransferase, and biliary hyperplasia) in ANIT-treated mice, respectively. Mice were fasted at least 4 hr prior to the intravenous injection of 99mTc-MAG3-biocytin (18.5 MBq/ 20㎍) in 2% human serum albumin in saline. Scintigraphy<br/> was performed with a g-camera equipped with a 1-mm diameter pin-hole collimator for 30 min and images were acquired every 15 s. We compared the values of physical parameters, such as peak liver/heart ratio (rmax) and peak ratio time (tmax) for 99mTc-MAG3-biocytin scintigraphy. Results: Scintigraphic parameters of the<br/> CCl₄-pretreated (0.5 ml/kg) group showed a 81.9% decrease of rmax, and 42.2% decrease of tmax, whereas the ANIT-pretreated (150 mg/kg) group showed a 53% decrease of rmax, and 2.36-fold increase of tmax, (P<0.05). These results demonstrate that the decrease of rmax and the shortening of tmax are characteristic features for<br/> hepatotoxicity, in contrast to the increase of tmax and decrease of rmax for biliary hyperplasia. Conclusion: 99mTc-MAG3-biocytin hepatobiliary scintigraphy can distinguish hepatitis from cholestasis in mice model and may be similarly useful in humans which differentiating the cause of neonatal jaundice in clinical study.

Size-dependent conformational change in halogen–π interaction: from benzene to graphene

Kim, Dong Yeon,Madridejos, Jenica Marie L.,Ha, Miran,Kim, Jun-Hyeong,Yang, David ChangMo,Baig, Chunggi,Kim, Kwang S. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Chemical communications Vol.53 No.45

<P>Diatomic halogen molecules X-2 (X = Cl/Br) favor the edge-to-face conformation on benzene with significant electrostatic interaction via halogen bonding. In contrast, they favor the stacked conformation on graphene with negligible electrostatic interaction. As the aromatic ring expands, the inner facial side becomes almost electrostatically neutral. On coronene, the two conformations are compatible.</P>

NUCLEAR STAR-FORMING RING OF THE MILKY WAY: SIMULATIONS

Kim, Sungsoo S.,Saitoh, Takayuki R.,Jeon, Myoungwon,Figer, Donald F.,Merritt, David,Wada, Keiichi IOP Publishing 2011 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.735 No.1

<P>We present hydrodynamic simulations of gas clouds in the central kpc region of the Milky Way that is modeled with a three-dimensional bar potential. Our simulations consider realistic gas cooling and heating, star formation, and supernova feedback. A ring of dense gas clouds forms as a result of X-1-X-2 orbit transfer, and our potential model results in a ring radius of similar to 200 pc, which coincides with the extraordinary reservoir of dense molecular clouds in the inner bulge, the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ). The gas clouds accumulated in the CMZ can reach high enough densities to form stars, and with an appropriate choice of simulation parameters, we successfully reproduce the observed gas mass and the star formation rate (SFR) in the CMZ, similar to 2 x 10(7) M-circle dot and similar to 0.1 M-circle dot yr(-1). Star formation in our simulations takes place mostly in the outermost X-2 orbits, and the SFR per unit surface area outside the CMZ is much lower. These facts suggest that the inner Galactic bulge may harbor a mild version of the nuclear star-forming rings seen in some external disk galaxies. Furthermore, from the relatively small size of the Milky Way's nuclear bulge, which is thought to be a result of sustained star formation in the CMZ, we infer that the Galactic inner bulge probably had a shallower density profile or stronger bar elongation in the past.</P>

Signaling Valence by Positive and Negative Campaigns

S. David Kim,김영세 한국계량경제학회 2020 계량경제학보 Vol.31 No.3

This paper aims at analyzing both positive and negative political campaigns which affect voters’ perception about candidate valence. Consider the situation where candidates know valences each other but the voters cannot observe one candidate’s valence. We characterize perfect Bayesian equilibria, which depend on the cost of positive campaign for the candidate and the cost of negative campaign against the opponent. The cost may be interpreted as the campaign budget constraint or the risk from backfire. We show that there always exist a pooling equilibrium and, for a wide range of parameters, a separating equilibrium. If positive campaign costs sufficiently less by the candidate with higher valence, the high valence candidate conducts positive campaign whereas the low valence candidate does not. More important, if negative campaign against the high valence opponent is sufficiently costly or risky due to backfire, the incumbent conducts negative campaign against a low valence challenger but not against a high valence one. We also show that, the smaller the valence difference is between two candidates, the larger the platform divergence becomes on the equilibrium.

MR Mismatch Profiles in Patients with Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stroke: A Comprehensive approach Comparing Stroke Subtypes

Kim, Suk Jae,Seok, Jin Myoung,Bang, Oh Young,Kim, Gyeong-Moon,Kim, Keon Ha,Jeon, Pyoung,Chung, Chin-Sang,Lee, Kwang Ho,Alger, Jeffry R,Liebeskind, David S SAGE Publications 2009 Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism Vol.29 No.6

<P> Most clinical trials have focused on the presence of perfusion- and diffusion-weighted imaging (PWI-DWI) mismatch by more than 20%, and different stroke subtypes were lumped together. We hypothesized that intracranial large artery atherosclerotic stroke (IC-LAA) would show different PWI-DWI and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)-DWI mismatch profiles, compared with other stroke subtypes. Consecutive patients underwent pretreatment multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for the acute middle cerebral artery infarcts within 6 h of symptom onset. We assessed the difference in the DWI-PWI mismatch ratio, severity of hypoperfusion, and MRA-DWI mismatch among the stroke subtypes. Of 86 patients, 19 (22.1%) had IC-LAA; 42 (48.8%) cardioembolic stroke, 15 (17.4%) extracranial-LAA, and 10 (11.6%) had cryptogenic embolic stroke. Although the volume of the penumbra was not different among the groups, the mismatch ratio was higher (P=0.003) and the severity of hypoperfusion was lower in the IC-LAA group (P=0.001). The MRA-DWI mismatch was more prevalent in the IC-LAA group than in other groups ( P < 0.001). Collateral grading, assessed in 41 patients, was more likely to be intermediate/excellent in the IC-LAA group ( P < 0.001). Multivariate testing revealed that a larger mismatch ratio and less severe hypoperfusion, and MRA-DWI mismatch were independently associated with IC-LAA. Our data show that patients with IC-LAA had different mismatch profiles, which were related to better collaterals, compared with other subtypes. </P>

Balanced Nucleocytosolic Partitioning Defines a Spatial Network to Coordinate Circadian Physiology in Plants

Kim, Y.,Han, S.,Yeom, M.,Kim, H.,Lim, J.,Cha, J.Y.,Kim, W.Y.,Somers, David E.,Putterill, J.,Nam, H.,Hwang, D. Cell Press 2013 Developmental cell Vol.26 No.1

Biological networks consist of a defined set of regulatory motifs. Subcellular compartmentalization of regulatory molecules can provide a further dimension in implementing regulatory motifs. However, spatial regulatory motifs and their roles in biological networks have rarely been explored. Here we show, using experimentation and mathematical modeling, that spatial segregation of GIGANTEA (GI), a critical component of plant circadian systems, into nuclear and cytosolic compartments leads to differential functions as positive and negative regulators of the circadian core gene, LHY, forming an incoherent feedforward loop to regulate LHY. This regulatory motif formed by nucleocytoplasmic partitioning of GI confers, through the balanced operation of the nuclear and cytosolic GI, strong rhythmicity and robustness to external and internal noises to the circadian system. Our results show that spatial and functional segregation of a single molecule species into different cellular compartments provides a means for extending the regulatory capabilities of biological networks.

U.S. Policy and Current Practices for Blending Low-Level Radioactive Waste for Disposal

David S. Kessel,Chang-Lak Kim 한국방사성폐기물학회 2016 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.14 No.3

우리나라를 포함한 많은 국가들에서 향후 원전 해체로 저준위폐기물이 대량으로 발생할 전망이다. 본 논문에서는 미국의저준위방사성폐기물 처분 관련 규제 기준을 분석하고, 특히 원자력발전소의 운영 및 해체를 포함하는 전주기에서 발생하는 폐기물의 처분 옵션을 확장하는 방안으로 사용되고 있는 저준위방사성폐기물의 블랜딩에 대해 검토하였다. 2007년 미국 NRC는 미국 저준위폐기물 관리 프로그램에 대한 전략분석 결과, 방사선위험도와 성능평가에 기반한 새로운 저준위폐기물 관리 규제의 필요성을 제기하였는데, 특히 방사성핵종 농도가 다른 폐기물의 블랜딩을 처분에 대한 옵션을 다양화할 수있는 안전한 방안으로 제시하였다. NRC는 블랜딩을 처분에 적합하도록 방사성핵종의 농도가 다른 저준위폐기물을 비교적균일하게 혼합(mixing)하는 것으로 정의하였다. 2015년 2월 농도 평균과 포장에 대한 NRC BTP의 개정판으로 공표된 블랜딩에 대한 구체적인 기술요건을 분석하였고 국내 해체폐기물에 대한 적용 방안도 예시하였다. 대량으로 발생할 해체폐기물에 대해 블랜딩과 농도평균을 적용하면 처분 효율성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 바이오쉴드 콘크리트에 대한 농도평균 적용에 대해 예시하였다. In the near future, many countries, including the Republic of Korea, will face a significant increase in low level radioactive waste (LLW) from nuclear power plant decommissioning. The purpose of this paper is to look at blending as a method for enhancing disposal options for low-level radioactive waste from the decommissioning of nuclear reactors. The 2007 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission strategic assessment of the status of the U.S. LLW program identified the need to move to a risk-informed and performance-based regulatory approach for managing LLW. The strategic assessment identified blending waste of varying radionuclide concentrations as a potential means of enhancing options for LLW disposal. The NRC’s position is that concentration averaging or blending can be performed in a way that does not diminish the overall safety of LLW disposal. The revised regulatory requirements for blending LLW are presented in the revised NRC Branch Technical Position for Concentration Averaging and Encapsulation (CA BTP 2015). The changes to the CA BTP that are the most significant for NPP operation, maintenance and decommissioning are reviewed in this paper and a potential application is identified for decommissioning waste in Korea. By far the largest volume of LLW from NPPs will come from decommissioning rather than operation. The large volumes in decommissioning present an opportunity for significant gains in disposal efficiency from blending and concentration averaging. The application of concentration averaging waste from a reactor bio-shield is also presented.