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In situ isolation and characterization of the biosurfactants of B. Subtilis
Akthar, Wasim S.,Aadham, Mohamed Sheik,Nisha, Arif S. Techno-Press 2020 Advances in environmental research Vol.9 No.3
Crude oils are essential source of energy. It is majorly found in geographical locations beneath the earth's surface and crude oil is the main factor for the economic developments in the world. Natural crude oil contains unrefined petroleum composed of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and it contains other organic materials like aromatic compounds, sulphur compounds, and many other organic compounds. These hydrocarbons are rapidly getting degraded by biosurfactant producing microorganisms. The present study deals with the isolation, purification, and characterization of biosurfactant producing microorganism from oil-contaminated soil. The ability of the microorganism producing biosurfactant was investigated by well diffusion method, drop collapse test, emulsification test, oil displacement activity, and blue agar plate method. The isolate obtained from the oil contaminated soil was identified as Bacillus subtilis. The identification was done by microscopic examinations and further characterization was done by Biochemical tests and 16SrRNA gene sequencing. Purification of the biosurfactant was performed by simple liquid-liquid extraction, and characterization of extracted biosurfactants was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The degradation of crude oil upon treatment with the partially purified biosurfactant was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy and Gas-chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS).
K. Pandima Devi,R. Sakthivel,S. Arif Nisha,N. Suganthy,S. Karutha Pandian 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.3
Eugenol, a member of the phenylpropanoidsclass of chemical compounds, is a clear to pale yellow oilyliquid extracted from certain essential oils especially fromclove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon, and bay leaf. The antibacterialactivity of eugenol and its mechanism of bactericidalaction against Proteus mirabilis were evaluated. Treatmentwith eugenol at their minimum inhibitory concentration[0.125 % (v/v)] and minimum bactericidal concentration[0.25 % (v/v)] reduced the viability and resulted in completeinhibition of P. mirabilis. A strong bactericidal effecton P. mirabilis was also evident, as eugenol inactivated thebacterial population within 30 min exposure. Chemoattractantproperty and the observance of highest antibacterialactivity at alkaline pH suggest that eugenol can workmore effectively when given in vivo. Eugenol inhibits thevirulence factors produced by P. mirabilis as observed byswimming motility, swarming behavior and urease activity. It interacts with cellular membrane of P. mirabilis andmakes it highly permeable, forming nonspecific pores onplasma membrane, which in turn directs the release of260 nm absorbing materials and uptake of more crystalviolet from the medium into the cells. SDS–polyacrylamidegel, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transforminfrared analysis further proves the disruptive action ofeugenol on the plasma membrane of P. mirabilis. Thefindings reveal that eugenol shows an excellent bactericidalactivity against P. mirabilis by altering the integrity of cellmembrane.