Dehydration Reduces Crack Development in IQF “Baby Carrots”

Rajasekaran R. Lada,Philip Joy,Cameron Fullerton,Brian Williums,Angus Ells 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Antibacterial, Antifungal and Anticonvulsant Evaluation of Novel Newly Synthesized 1-[2-(1H-Tetrazol-5-yl)ethyl]-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazoles

Rajasekaran, Aiyalu,Murugesan, Sankaranarayanan,AnandaRajagopal, Kalasalingam The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.7

Several novel 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) ethyl]-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazoles (3a-h) have been synthesized by the condensation of 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-ethyl]-1H-benzotriazole (2) and appropriate acid chlorides. 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-ethyl]-1H-benzotriazole (2) was synthesized by reacting 3-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)propanenitrile with sodium azide and ammonium chloride in the presence of dimethylformamide. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR and PMR analysis. The titled compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity by the cup plate method and anticonvulsant activity evaluated by the maximal electroshock induced convulsion method in mice. All synthesized compounds exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and moderate antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Compounds 5-(2-(1 H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazo-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)(4-aminophenyl)methanone 3d and 5-(2-(1 H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazo-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)(2-aminophenyl)methanone 3e elicited excellent anticonvulsant activity.

New methodology for light weight solutions to improve BIW structural performance using bulk head optimization

Rajasekaran Mohan,, Hariram Venkatesan,Subramanian Mahadevan 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.8

Body-in-white (BIW) is the Car body with welded sheet metal parts painted in white. Automobile companies were trying to optimize mass and improve performance with optimal mass addition. In many automotive industries many BIW designs due to aggressive mass optimization, there is a need to have smart solutions to improve BIW structure performance with very little mass increase. In this paper, a new technique of identifying the optimized internal reinforcements in the BIW at conceptual BIW design phase using Deign of experiments and Multi-objective optimization has been investigated. The paper focus on the Bending and torsion stiffness load cases to evaluate the BIW performance. Bulk head designs were designed at the major joints like A-pillar, B-pillar, C-pillar and rocker and their optimal locations to improve stiffness with minimum mass increase were identified using Design of experiments and multi objective techniques. The research shows that the optimized Bulk head design locations using the DOE technique has improved the overall BIW stiffness performance by 3.9% with 1.2% of mass addition in the BIW.

Optimal lay-up of hybrid composite beams, plates and shells using cellular genetic algorithm

Rajasekaran, S.,Nalinaa, K.,Greeshma, S.,Poornima, N.S.,Kumar, V. Vinoop Techno-Press 2003 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.16 No.5

Laminated composite structures find wide range of applications in many branches of technology. They are much suited for weight sensitive structures (like aircraft) where thinner and lighter members made of advanced fiber reinforced composite materials are used. The orientations of fiber direction in layers and number of layers and the thickness of the layers as well as material of composites play a major role in determining the strength and stiffness. Thus the basic design problem is to determine the optimum stacking sequence in terms of laminate thickness, material and fiber orientation. In this paper, a new optimization technique called Cellular Automata (CA) has been combined with Genetic Algorithm (GA) to develop a different search and optimization algorithm, known as Cellular Genetic Algorithm (CGA), which considers the laminate thickness, angle of fiber orientation and the fiber material as discrete variables. This CGA has been successfully applied to obtain the optimal fiber orientation, thickness and material lay-up for multi-layered composite hybrid beams plates and shells subjected to static buckling and dynamic constraints.

Mechanical properties of thin-walled composite beams of generic open and closed sections

Rajasekaran, S. Techno-Press 2005 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.21 No.5

A general analytical model for thin-walled composite beams with an arbitrary open/(or/and) closed cross section and arbitrary laminate stacking sequence i.e., symmetric, anti-symmetric as well as un-symmetric with respect to the mid plane of the laminate, is developed in the first paper. All the mechanical properties, mechanical centre of gravity and mechanical shear centre of the cross section are defined in the function of the geometry and the material properties of the section. A program "fungen" and "clprop" are developed in Fortran to compute all the mechanical properties and tested for various isotropic sections first and compared with the available results. The locations of mechanical centre of gravity and mechanical shear centre are given with respect to the fibre angle variation in composite beams. Variations of bending and torsional stiffness are shown to vary with respect to the fibre angle orientations.

Buckling and vibration of rectangular plates of variable thickness with different end conditions by finite difference technique

Rajasekaran, Sundaramoorthy,Wilson, Antony John Techno-Press 2013 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.46 No.2

This paper is concerned with the determination of exact buckling loads and vibration frequencies of variable thickness isotropic plates using well known finite difference technique. The plates are subjected to uni, biaxial compression and shear loadings and various combinations of boundary conditions are considered. The buckling load is found out as the in plane load that makes the determinant of the stiffness matrix equal to zero and the natural frequencies are found out by carrying out eigenvalue analysis of stiffness and mass matrices. New and exact results are given for many cases and the results are in close agreement with the published results. In this paper, like finite element method, finite difference method is applied in a very simple manner and the application of boundary conditions is also automatic.

Prediction of concrete strength using serial functional network model

Rajasekaran, S.,Lee, Seung-Chang Techno-Press 2003 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.16 No.1

The aim of this paper is to develop the ISCOSTFUN (Intelligent System for Prediction of Concrete Strength by Functional Networks) in order to provide in-place strength information of the concrete to facilitate concrete from removal and scheduling for construction. For this purpose, the system is developed using Functional Network (FN) by learning functions instead of weights as in Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). In serial functional network, the functions are trained from enough input-output data and the input for one functional network is the output of the other functional network. Using ISCOSTFUN it is possible to predict early strength as well as 7-day and 28-day strength of concrete. Altogether seven functional networks are used for prediction of strength development. This study shows that ISCOSTFUN using functional network is very efficient for predicting the compressive strength development of concrete and it takes less computer time as compared to well known Back Propagation Neural Network (BPN).

Motion-Preserving Navigated Primary Internal Fixation of Unstable C1 Fractures

Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan,Soundararajan Dilip Chand Raja,Shetty Ajoy Prasad,Kanna Rishi Mugesh 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.4

Study Design: Prospective observational study.Purpose: To assess the safety, efficacy, and benefits of computed tomography (CT)-guided C1 fracture fixation.Overview of Literature: The surgical management of unstable C1 injuries by occipitocervical and atlantoaxial (AA) fusion compromises motion and function. Monosegmental C1 osteosynthesis negates these drawbacks and provides excellent functional outcomes.Methods: The patients were positioned in a prone position, and cranial traction was applied using Mayfield tongs to restore the C0–C2 height and obtain a reduction in the displaced fracture fragments. An intraoperative, CT-based navigation system was used to enable the optimal placement of C1 screws. A transverse rod was then placed connecting the two screws, and controlled compression was applied across the fixation. The patients were prospectively evaluated in terms of their clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes, with a minimal follow-up of 2 years.Results: A total of 10 screws were placed in five patients, with a mean follow-up of 40.8 months. The mean duration of surgery was 77±13.96 minutes, and the average blood loss was 84.4±8.04 mL. The mean combined lateral mass dislocation at presentation was 14.6±1.34 mm and following surgery, it was 5.2±1.64 mm, with a correction of 9.4±2.3 mm (<i>p</i> <0.001). The follow-up CT showed excellent placement of screws and sound healing. There were no complications and instances of AA instability. The clinical range of movement at 2 years in degrees was as follows: rotation to the right (73.6°±9.09°), rotation to the left (71.6°±5.59°), flexion (35.4°±4.5°), extension (43.8°±8.19°), and lateral bending on the right (28.4°±10.45°) and left (24.8°±11.77°). Significant improvement was observed in the functional Neck Disability Index from 78±4.4 to 1.6±1.6. All patients returned to their occupation within 3 months.Conclusions: Successful C1 reduction and fixation allows a motion-preserving option in unstable atlas fractures. CT navigation permits accurate and adequate monosegmental fixation with excellent clinical and radiological outcomes, and all patients in this study returned to their preoperative functional status.

Sustainable Carrot Production Technologies: The Interactive Effects of Soil Moisture and Nitrogen Fertilization on the Yield and Recovery of Slicer Carrots

Rajasekaran R. Lada,Azure Adams 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Novel Biomarkers of Health and Degeneration in Human Intervertebral Discs: In-depth Proteomic Analysis of Collagen Framework of Fetal, Healthy, Scoliotic, Degenerate, and Herniated Discs

Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan,Soundararajan Dilip Chand Raja,Nayagam Sharon Miracle,Tangavel Chitraa,Raveendran Muthuraja,K. S. Srivijayanand,Shetty Ajoy Prasad,Kanna Rishi Mugesh 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.1

Study Design: Profiling proteins expressed in the nucleus pulposus (NP) of intervertebral discs (IVDs) in five different biological states. Purpose: To evaluate the molecular complexity of the collagen (COL) framework and its role in the health and disease of human IVDs. Overview of Literature: Changes in COL composition have been linked to degenerative disk disease (DDD). Despite the fact that humans have 28 different types of COLs, most of the literature focuses solely on COL-1 and COL-2. This study used high-end proteomic technology to examine the entire COL composition of the human IVD across fetal (developmental-FD), normal (healthy-ND), scoliotic (early degeneration-SD), herniated (degenerate-DH), and degenerated (DD) disk phenotypes. Methods: Forty NP tissues were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen (–196°C) immediately before being subjected to proteomic and bioinformatic analyses from five different disk phenotypes (eight each). Results: Tandem mass spectrometric analysis revealed a total of 1,050 proteins in FDs, 1,809 in ND, 1,487 in SD, 1,859 in DH, and 1,538 in the DD group. Of 28 major collagens reported in the human body, this study identified 24 different collagens with 34 subtypes in NP. Fibril-forming collagens (COL-1, 2, and 11A1) and fibril-associated collagens with interrupted triple helices (COL-9A1, 12A1, and 14A1) were abundantly expressed in FDs, representing their role in the development of NP. Multiplexin (COL-15), a hybrid proteoglycan–collagen molecule, was discovered only in FDs. Degeneration was associated with COL2A1 downregulation and COL-10A1 upregulation. Conclusions: COL10 was discovered to be a new biomarker for disk degeneration. Besides COL-1 and 2, other important COLs (6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15) with anabolic potential and abundant expression in the fetal phenotype could be investigated for tissue engineering and novel DDD therapy.