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TWO-PHASE EVAPORATIVE BATTERY THERMAL MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR EVs/HEVs
Rahman Ataur,Mohammed Nurul Amin Hawlader,Helmi Khalid 한국자동차공학회 2017 International journal of automotive technology Vol.18 No.5
Electric vehicle’s motor draws power from battery to meet its power demand in different road profiles. Battery high discharged currents are causes of warming battery’s cells. The temperature of 40 ºC and above reduces battery life span. The rationale of fuzzy controlled evaporative battery thermal management system (EC-BThMS) development from this study is to control the battery temperature in the range of 20 ~ 40 ºC both in charging/discharging modes. The proposed system has been developed with estimating the total cooling loads and thermal behavior of the battery cells. A fuzzy controlling system has been introduced with the EC-BThMS to control the electro-compressor and the expansion valve based on the response of battery temperature sensors.A battery pack of 8.6 kWh equipped EV has been operated with 60 km/h on 0 % gradient and 40 km/h on 5 % gradient in IIUM campus while 130 km/h on 0 % gradient and 50 km/h on 3.67 % gradient in Malaysia International Formula circuit to study the battery temperature profile and percentage of battery power saving. Comparison has been made on the performance of EC-BThMS with air cooling battery thermal management system (AC-BThMS) by using same vehicle. Result shows that EC-BThMS can save energy 17.69 % more than AC-BThM 1 and 23 % more than AC-BThM 2.
Samroz Majeed,S. M. Nurul Amin,Chang Ik Zhang 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2021 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.4
Relative growth pattern, mortality rate and exploitation status of Otholithes ruber was investigated in the Balochistan, Pakistan between September 2020 and February 2021. A total of 1,308 samples of O. ruber were collected and length and weight of each individual fish was measured. The monthly length frequency data were analyzed using FiSAT II computer software package. The mean total length and body weight of the O. ruber was 30.34 (4.814±) cm and 288 (157±) gm respectively. Length-weight relationship was W = 0.0036L<sup>3.2815</sup> (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.9445) showing a positive allometric growth. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters (L∞ and K) for O.ruber were as L∞ = 54.28 (cm) and K = 0.51 yr<sup>-1</sup> , t<sub>0</sub> = -0.271yr<sup>-1</sup> the longevity (t<sub>max</sub>) was 5.88 years . The total mortality rate (Z) was calculated 2.58 year<sup>-1</sup>. Natural mortality (M) was estimated at 1.01yr <sup>-1</sup>, The exploitation rate was found to be 0.61 yr. <sup>-1</sup> that is 22% higher than the optimum level of exploitation (E = 0.50). It could be concluded that fishing pressure was 22% higher, which means fishermen did not stop their fishing activities during covid19 period in the investigated region.
Md. Mahabubur Rahman,Muhammad Nurul Amin,Futoshi Ishiguri,Shinso Yokota,Rubaiyat Sharmin Sultana,Yuya Takashima,Kazuya Iizuka,Nobuo Yoshizawa 한국식물생명공학회 2009 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.3 No.3
A plantlet regeneration protocol was developed on pot-grown mature plants of Elaeocarpus robustus Roxb. cv. Dwarf from nodal and leaf explants. The best yield of adventitious shoots was achieved from the leaf-derived calli in a modified MS (MMS1, half strength of major salts, full strength of minor salts, and vitamins) medium containing 4.0 lM BA ? 4.0 lM Kn ? 0.5 lM NAA ? 15% coconut water (CW). The shoot multiplication rate was amplified about twofold per culture after the addition of 15% CW to the medium. The rate of shoot multiplication reached maximum at the 5th subculture, and it maintained this rate throughout the 3 subsequent subcultures. The best rooting in vitro was investigated by subculturing the microcuttings in an MMS2 (half strength of both major salts and minor salts and full strength of vitamins) medium containing 1.0 lM IBA in the dark for one initial week at 30C, followed by subculturing them in a plant-growth regulator (PGR)-free medium in the light. The plantlets raised in vitro were successfully established under ex vitro conditions. A plantlet regeneration protocol was developed on pot-grown mature plants of Elaeocarpus robustus Roxb. cv. Dwarf from nodal and leaf explants. The best yield of adventitious shoots was achieved from the leaf-derived calli in a modified MS (MMS1, half strength of major salts, full strength of minor salts, and vitamins) medium containing 4.0 lM BA ? 4.0 lM Kn ? 0.5 lM NAA ? 15% coconut water (CW). The shoot multiplication rate was amplified about twofold per culture after the addition of 15% CW to the medium. The rate of shoot multiplication reached maximum at the 5th subculture, and it maintained this rate throughout the 3 subsequent subcultures. The best rooting in vitro was investigated by subculturing the microcuttings in an MMS2 (half strength of both major salts and minor salts and full strength of vitamins) medium containing 1.0 lM IBA in the dark for one initial week at 30C, followed by subculturing them in a plant-growth regulator (PGR)-free medium in the light. The plantlets raised in vitro were successfully established under ex vitro conditions.