http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Kobayashi, Katsuichiro,Tsunekawa, Yuko The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgra 2010 Weed Biology and Management Vol.10 No.4
The phytotoxic activity of pyriftalid ([RS]-7-[4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylthio]-3-methyl-2-benzofuran-1[3H]-one) on barnyard grass (Echinochloa oryzoides) seedlings emerging from various depths in the soil was investigated in relation to its behavior in the soil. The growth of the barnyard grass seedlings in the soil mixed with pyriftalid was inhibited, depending on the concentration of the herbicide in the soil water but not on the amount in the total soil. A topmost pyriftalid-treated layer was formed by applying the herbicide to the soil surface under water-leakage conditions. The concentration of pyriftalid in the soil water and the amount that was adsorbed on the soil solid decreased with time, but the decrease was more marked in the pyriftalid concentration in the soil water than in the amount that was adsorbed on the soil solid. The emergence time of barnyard grass in the soil was faster in the seeds that were located in the shallower soil layer, compared to the deeper soil layer. The growth inhibition of the barnyard grass seedlings emerging from the shallower soil layer was greater than that of the barnyard grass seedlings emerging from the deeper soil layer after the soil surface application of pyriftalid. It is suggested that the emergence timing from the different soil depths is an important factor affecting the herbicidal activity of pyriftalid when it is applied to the soil surface under paddy field conditions.
Kobayashi, Hironori,Suzuki, Yumiko,Ajimura, Kosei,Konno, Tomonori,Suzuki, Shunji,Saito, Hiroshi The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2011 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.5 No.1
Vitis vinifera cv. Koshu is a traditional grape cultivar that has been grown for centuries in Japan. The Koshu grape has pink-colored skin and Koshu wines have slight astringency. We demonstrated for the first time the characterization of hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols, and flavonoids in Koshu grape using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The gross weight of phenolic compounds excluding anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in Koshu grape at harvest was higher than those in Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, and Merlot grapes. In addition, hydroxycinnamic acid and monomeric flavonol contents in Koshu grape were also higher than those in the other grape cultivars. Transcription analysis of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase, caffeate methyltransferase, and flavonol synthase genes indicated high accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols in Koshu grape skin compared with the other cultivars. These findings obtained by chemical and molecular approaches partially explained the phenolic characteristics and the peculiar astringency of Koshu grape.
中上級日本語クラスにおける Problem-based Learningの試み : 学習者の動機づけに着目して
Kobayashi, Akiko,Fukuda, Michiko 한국일어교육학회 2020 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.51
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and issues in the practice of Problem-based Learning (PBL) in Japanese language instruction as regards learner motivation. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 22 international students learning Japanese, and 4 learners who exhibited characteristic changes in motivation were interviewed. No change in motivation was found as a result of PBL in the class taken as a whole, but individual differences were indicated. Learners who fulfilled the three psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness showed improved motivation. In contrast, learners who did not meet the three psychological needs presented no change or decrease in motivation. For example, learners who perceived group activities as meaningful fulfilled the need of relatedness and displayed increased motivation. On the other hand, learners who recognized that they deepened their opinions had lower motivation. This suggests that it was necessary to spend additional time on individual activities before group activities to support more active exchange of opinions. Some issues of PBL were indicated from the viewpoint of motivation, and the overall progress of the class was considered. 本研究の目的は、Problem-based Learning(PBL)を取り入れた日本語授業を実施し、学習者の動機づけ という観点からPBLの有効性と課題を探ることであった。日本国内の大学で中上級日本語クラスを履 修する留学生22名を対象に、PBL実施前後の動機づけの変化と影響要因を探った。質問紙調査を実施 したうえで、特徴的な動機づけの変化を示した学習者4名に対してインタビューを行い、動機づけに影 響を与えた要因を考察した。結果として、クラス全体としてはPBL実施前後に動機づけの変動は見ら れなかったが、学習者による個人差が見られた。PBLを通して自律性、有能性、関係性の3つの心理的欲 求が満たされていた学習者では、内発的動機づけの上昇が見られたが、3つの心理的欲求が満たされな かった学習者では、変化が見られないか、または下降がみられた。例えば、PBLのなかで実施したグ ループ討論や分担読解を有意義だと認識した学習者では、関係性の欲求が満たされ内発的動機づけが 高まっていた。一方、それらの活動において相手の発言がよく理解できない、話し合っても考えが深 まらないと認識した学習者は、内発的動機づけが下降していた。このことから、情報収集や資料の読 解といった個人活動により多くの時間を割き、その後のグループ活動における情報共有や意見交換が 活発になるよう支援することが必要であることが示唆された。その他にも動機づけの観点からPBL実 施上の課題が示され、それらをもとに授業改善案を検討した。