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Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Typing에 의한 동물과 사람 유래 Vancomycin 내성 장구균의 유전학적 비교
조윤상,이희수,김종만,류판동,박용호,유한상,이문한 한국수의공중보건학회 2003 예방수의학회지 Vol.27 No.1
It has been recently reported the possibility in the transfer of antimicrobial resistant to other animals and humans. In particular, the occurrence of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE), which have been known as a principal antimicrobial resistant bacteria in humans, has been increased as a pathogen of nosocomial infections. And then animal VRE were suspected as an origin of human VRE. In this work, we investigated the relatedness between VRE from animals and humans through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing. The genetic relatedness of vanA, vanB, vanC-1 and vanC-2 genotypes was examined by RAPD typing, respectively. van4 genotypes have not been shown high genetic relationship each other, containing VRE from humans (n = 8) and chickens (n = 5). In vanB genotypes from humans (n = 3), 2 isolates were made up one cluster, shown 77.8% homology. Chicken isolates of vanC-1 genotypes (n = 11) were constituted 2 clusters and the homology of 2 clusters was 81.8% and 80.0%, respectively. In case of vanC-2 genotypes (n = 19), 2 isolates from pigs have been shown 76.9% homology. But, between VRE from animals and humans, the isolates of high genetic relationship could not be found and RAPD typing was a useful epidemiological method that could be confirmed the genetic relationship among VRE.
동물과 사람유래 Vancomycin 내성 장구균의 항균제 감수성 비교
조윤상,이희수,김종만,류판동,박용호,유한상,이문한 한국수의공중보건학회 2003 예방수의학회지 Vol.27 No.1
It has been recently reported the possibility in the bansfer of antimicrobial resistance to other animals and humans. In particular, vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE), which have been known as a principal antimicrobial resistant bacteria in humans, have been increased as a pathogen of nosocomial infections. And then animal VRE were suspected as an origin of human VRE. In this study, we isolated Enterococcus spp. from animals, identified by bio- chemical tests, examined for antimicrobial susceptibility, and then compared the antimicrobial susceptibility of VRE among each other as well as human VRE. Enterococcus iecium (29%) was predominant in Enterococcus species (n=122) isolated from animal feces in this study. E. hirae, E. iecalis, E. casseliflam and E. gallinarum were also isolated as rates of 24%, 21%, 16% and 7%, respectively. The resistance of enterococci to penicillin and tetracycline were 66% and 78%, respectively, and the susceptibility of them to chloramphenicol was 66%. Antimicrobial susceptibility test has shown that 91% of VRE from humans (n=11) was susceptible to chloramphenicol and all resistant to penicillin, rifampin and streptomycin. Seventy-five percentage of VRE from chickens (n = 12) was susceptible to rifampin and resistances of them to penicillin, tetracycline and sbeptomycin were 75%, 83%, and l00%, respectively. Therefore, we confirmed the difference of antimicrobial susceptibility from animals and humans, and the antimicrobial susceptibility test could be one of the simple and useful methods for the epidemiological survey of VRE.
평지방막에 융합된 골격근의 single ATP-sensitive K<sup>+</sup> channel의 이온투과성에 대한 연구
류판동,Ryu, Pan-dong 대한수의학회 1992 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.32 No.4
Properties of unitary ATP-sensitive $K^+$ channels were studied using planar lipid bilayer technique. Vesicles were prepared from bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) skeletal muscle. ATP-sensitive $K^+$ (K (ATP)) channels were identified by their unitary conductance and sensitivity to ATP. In the symmetrical solution containing 200mM KCI, 10mM Hepes, 1mM EGTA and pH 7.2, single K (ATP) channels showed a linear current-voltage relations with slight inward rectification. Slope conductance at reversal potential was $60.1{\pm}0.43$ pS(n=3)). Micromolar ATP reversibly inhibited the channel activity when applied to the cytoplasmic side. In the range of -50~+50 mV, the channel activity was not voltage-dependent, but the channel gating within a burst was more frequent at negative voltage range. Varying the concentrations of external/internal KCl(mM) to 40/200, 200/200, 200/100 and 200/40 shifted reversal potentials to $-30.8{\pm}2.9$(n=3), $-1.1{\pm}2.7$(n=3), 10.5 and 30.6(mV), respecrivety. These reversal potentials were close to the expected values by the Nernst equation, indicating nearly ideal selectivity for $K^+$ over $Cl^-$. Under bi-ionic conditions of 200mM external test ions and 200mM internal $K^+$, the reversal potentials for each test ion/K pair were measured. The measured reversal potentials were used for the calculation of the releative permeability of alkali cations to $K^+$ ions using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. The permeability sequence of 5 cations relative to $K^+$ was $K^+$(1), $Rb^+$(0.49), $Cs^+$(0.27), $Na^+$(0.027) and $Li^+$(0.021). This sequence was recognized as Eisenman's selectivity sequence IV. In addition, modelling the permeation of $K^+$ ion through ATP-sensitive $K^+$ channel revealed that a 3-barrier 2-site multiple occupancy model can reasonably predict the observed current-voltage relations.
외란관측기를 바탕으로 $H_{\infty}$제어 방법을 이용한 수중 로봇 팔의 원격조종 제어기 설계
유지환,권동수,이판묵,홍석원,Ryu, Jee-Hwan,Kwon, Dong-Soo,Lee, Pan-Moon,Hong, Seok-Won 제어로봇시스템학회 2000 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.6 No.7
This paper presents a robust and systematic bilateral controller design method for a teleoperation of an underwater manipulator. Disturbance observer is used as a local controller of the master and underwater slave manipulator to set up the teleoperation system as a nominal model by compensating coupled nonlinear terms model uncertainties and external disturbances in the water. Using the linearized master/slave model a $H_{\infty}$ optimal control scheme is applied to systematically construct a force reflecting bilateral controller.