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High Char-Yield in AN-AM Copolymer by Acidic Hydrolysis of Homopolyacrylonitrile
Run Cheng,You Zhou,Jing Wang,Yumin Cheng,Seungkon Ryu,Riguang Jin 한국탄소학회 2013 Carbon Letters Vol.14 No.1
Acrylonitrile (AN)-acrylamide (AM) copolymers were prepared by nitric acidic hydrolysis of homopolyacrylonitrile. The acrylamino group increased as a function of hydrolysis time, while crystallinity decreased. Differential scanning calorimetry and a thermal gravimetric analysis indicated that the acylamino introduced by acidic hydrolysis effectively enhanced the cyclization reaction at low temperature due to the change of the cyclization reaction mechanism. Char-yield of AN-AM copolymers also gradually increased with increasing hydrolysis time. The maximum char-yield was 49.48% when hydrolized at 23°C in 65% nitric acid solution for 18 h, which was 30% higher than that of non-acidic hydrolysis of homopolyacrylonitrile. Simulation of the practical process also showed an increase of char yields, where the char yields were 55.43% and 62.60% for homopolyacrylonitrile and copolyacrylonitrile, respectively, with a hydrolysis time of 13 h.
Zhou, Xiaodong,Lee, Jong Eun,Arnett, Frank C.,Xiong, Momiao,Park, Min Young,Yoo, Yeon Kyeong,Shin, Eun Soon,Reveille, John D.,Mayes, Maureen D.,Kim, Jin Hyun,Song, Ran,Choi, Ji Yong,Park, Ji Ah,Lee, Y Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Vol.60 No.12
<B>Objective</B><P>To identify systemic sclerosis (SSc) susceptibility loci via a genome-wide association study.</P><B>Methods</B><P>A genome-wide association study was performed in 137 patients with SSc and 564 controls from Korea using the Affymetrix Human SNP Array 5.0. After fine-mapping studies, the results were replicated in 1,107 SSc patients and 2,747 controls from a US Caucasian population.</P><B>Results</B><P>The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs3128930, rs7763822, rs7764491, rs3117230, and rs3128965) of HLA–DPB1 and DPB2 on chromosome 6 formed a distinctive peak with log P values for association with SSc susceptibility (P = 8.16 × 10<SUP>−13</SUP>). Subtyping analysis of HLA–DPB1 showed that DPB1*1301 (P = 7.61 × 10<SUP>−8</SUP>) and DPB1*0901 (P = 2.55 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP>) were the subtypes most susceptible to SSc in Korean subjects. In US Caucasians, 2 pairs of SNPs, rs7763822/rs7764491 and rs3117230/rs3128965, showed strong association with SSc patients who had either circulating anti–DNA topoisomerase I (P = 7.58 × 10<SUP>−17</SUP>/4.84 × 10<SUP>−16</SUP>) or anticentromere autoantibodies (P = 1.12 × 10<SUP>−3</SUP>/3.2 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP>), respectively.</P><B>Conclusion</B><P>The results of our genome-wide association study in Korean subjects indicate that the region of HLA–DPB1 and DPB2 contains the loci most susceptible to SSc in a Korean population. The confirmatory studies in US Caucasians indicate that specific SNPs of HLA–DPB1 and/or DPB2 are strongly associated with US Caucasian patients with SSc who are positive for anti–DNA topoisomerase I or anticentromere autoantibodies.</P>
Cho, Namchul,Zhou, Gang,Kamada, Kenji,Kim, Ran Hee,Ohta, Koji,Jin, Sung-Ho,Mü,llen, Klaus,Lee, Kwang-Sup The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.22 No.1
<p>Novel two-photon absorption (TPA) chromophores that contain spirofluorene and ladder-type pentaphenylenes (LPPs) as π-centres with diarylamine groups as electron donors (D) in the D–π–D arrangement are prepared. The spirofluorenes with different donors at the both terminals exhibit TPA activity increase as the donor strength increases (from <I>N</I>-ethylcarbazoyl <B>1</B>, triphenylamino <B>2</B>, to <I>N</I>,<I>N</I>-dibutylaminophenyl <B>3</B>). Compared to the spirofluorene derivatives, the LPP derivatives show the larger TPA efficiency due to better coplanarity throughout the molecule. As the LPP unit added from single (<B>4</B>), double (<B>5</B>), to triple (<B>6</B>), the increment of the TPA cross-section exceeds the one-fold of a LPP unit, which can be attributed to the cooperative enhancement of the TPA cross-section (<I>σ</I><SUB>2</SUB>) between the LPP units. We have also explored the effect of introducing charge defects and examined the resonance enhancement by chemical oxidation on the TPA properties of LPP derivatives <B>4</B> and <B>5</B>. Nearly an order of magnitude enhancement was found in the TPA cross-section of dye <B>4</B>, which was interpreted as the role of charge transfer from LPP π-centre to the cationic diarylamine end groups.</p> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We have demonstrated that the unique structural properties of a ladder-type pentaphenylene (LPP) moiety and its cationic states lead to a strong two-photon absorption (TPA) response. <img src='http://pubs.rsc.org/ej/JM/2011/c1jm13481g/c1jm13481g-ga.gif'> </P>
Two-Step Reset in the Resistance Switching of the Al/TiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/Cu Structure
Shao, Xing L.,Zhao, Jin S.,Zhang, Kai L.,Chen, Ran,Sun, Kuo,Chen, Chang J.,Liu, Kai,Zhou, Li W.,Wang, Jian Y.,Ma, Chen M.,Yoon, Kyung J.,Hwang, Cheol S. American Chemical Society 2013 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.5 No.21
<P>Two-step reset behaviors in the resistance switching properties of the top Al/TiO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>/bottom Cu structure were studied. During the electroforming and set steps, two types of conducting filaments composed of Cu and oxygen vacancies (Cu-CF and V<SUB>O</SUB>-CF) were simultaneously (or sequentially) formed when Al was negatively biased. In the subsequent reset step with the opposite bias polarity, the Cu-CFs ruptured first at ∼0.5 V, and formed an intermediate state. The trap-filled V<SUB>O</SUB>-CFs were transformed into a trap-empty state, resulting in a high-resistance state at ∼1 V. Matrix phase in the electrochemical metallization cell can play an active role in resistance switching.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2013/aamick.2013.5.issue-21/am403498q/production/images/medium/am-2013-03498q_0007.gif'></P>
Jiang, Jian-Tao,Zhang, Lan-Fang,Zhou, Bin,Zhang, Shun-Qun,Li, Shao-Min,Zhang, Wei,Zhang, Jin,Qiao, Zhe,Kong, Ran-Ran,Ma, Yue-Feng,Chen, Sheng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.7
Objective: To investigate uPA and VEGF expression in esophageal cancer and relations with tumorous invasion and metastasis. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect uPA and VEGF expression in the normal epithelial tissue of esophageal mucosa and cancer tissue and detect CD34 labeled micrangium and analyze the relationships with clinical pathological features and tumor angiogenesis. Results: Positive rates for uPA and VEGF protein expression were significantly greater in esophageal cancer than normal epithelial tissue (P < 0.05), the two being linked (P <0.05). In addition, uPA and VEGF protein expression of the high microvessel density (MVD) group was significantly lower than in the low MVD group (P < 0.05), with relation to clinical pathological staging, differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In esophageal cancer tissue, uPA and VEGF proteins are overexpressed and promote tumor angiogenesis, indicative of a poor prognosis.
Yuling Qiu,Yali Chen,Haiyang Yu,Qianxiang Zhou,Ran Wang,Meihua Jin,Dexin Kong 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.2
Bee venom has been used for treating various diseases for a long time. However, the bioactive constituents of bee venom and its mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, phospholipase A2 (Bt-PLA2) cDNA was cloned, and a mature form of Bt-PLA2 was purified from bumblebee venom (Bombus terrestris). The differentiation induction and apoptosis induction activities of Bt-PLA2 on chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) K562 cells were also evaluated. Bt-PLA2 cDNA has 540 nucleotides that encode a 180-amino-acid protein. The purified, mature form of Bt-PLA2 was an 18-kDa protein, and it inhibited K562 cell growth, determined by an IC50 value of 29.5 ng/μl. Moreover, Bt-PLA2 induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and this was supplemented with the upregulation of glycophorin A (GPA) mRNA expression. Bt-PLA2- induced apoptosis, analyzed by DAPI staining, was correlated with the result analyzed by AnnexinV-FITC/PI binding. Furthermore, activation of caspase 3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and inhibition of p-Akt, determined by western blot, further demonstrated that Bt-PLA2 induced apoptosis mainly through the Akt pathway. The parallel induction of erythroblasts differentiation of K562 cells and apoptosis due to Bt-PLA2 treatment demonstrated the potential use of Bt-PLA2 as an anti-leukemia drug lead.
The thermal stability of atomic layer deposited HfLaOx: Material and electrical characterization
Wen Yang,Qing-Qing Sun,Run-Chen Fang,Lin Chen,Peng Zhou,Shi-Jin Ding,David Wei Zhang 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.6
HfLaOx based Metaleoxideesemiconductor capacitors were fabricated by atomic layer deposition in this work. The material and electrical properties of the films along with the high temperature thermal treatment were investigated. It was found that samples undergoing annealing at 900 ℃ exhibited the best performance. The film was found to be crystallized to a cubic structure at 900 ℃, and the roughness of the films was estimated to be 0.332 nm. For electrical characterization, the C-V curve of the film is in good agreement with the corresponding simulated curve, and the capacitor does not show any hysteresis. Moreover, the Dit near the center of silicon band gap exhibits lowest value, and it was calculated to be 2.28 × 1011 eV-1 cm-2. HfLaOx based Metaleoxideesemiconductor capacitors were fabricated by atomic layer deposition in this work. The material and electrical properties of the films along with the high temperature thermal treatment were investigated. It was found that samples undergoing annealing at 900 ℃ exhibited the best performance. The film was found to be crystallized to a cubic structure at 900 ℃, and the roughness of the films was estimated to be 0.332 nm. For electrical characterization, the C-V curve of the film is in good agreement with the corresponding simulated curve, and the capacitor does not show any hysteresis. Moreover, the Dit near the center of silicon band gap exhibits lowest value, and it was calculated to be 2.28 × 1011 eV-1 cm-2.
Shu-xin Wang,Jing-chun Zeng,Ting Li,Wan-lan Zhang,Yan-fang Li,Run-jin Zhou,Zi-jun Liu,Yu-ling Liu,Xun Zhuang,Rui Zhang,Li-ming Lu,Guo-hua Lin 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.3
Background: Postpartum subinvolution of the uterus is a more common condition after cesarean section. Auricular acupressure (AA) is widely used for the treatment of postpartum diseases. However, few studies have explored the effects of AA as a treatment of uterine involution following cesarean section to date. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of AA for uterine involution after cesarean section. Methods: A total of 109 women who underwent cesarean section participated in this study. They were randomly allocated to either real AA or sham AA in a 1:1 ratio by a computer program. For 3 days, the real AA and sham AA groups received treatment 3 times daily. A series of assessments at 42 days after cesarean section, namely on the uterine size, the incidence of hydrometra, the first anal exsufflation time, bleeding volume at 6 hours, bleeding volume at 6–24 hours along with other general assessments were carried out. Results: A total of 89 women completed the study. The uterine size at 42 days after a cesarean section was 6.3 cm smaller in the real AA group than in the sham AA group (P < 0.01). The incidence of hydrometra on day 42 postpartum was lower in the real AA group than in the sham AA group (P < 0.01). The lochia duration and the first anal exsufflation time after cesarean section were shorter in the real AA group than in the sham AA group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: AA improves uterine involution after cesarean section. Trial registration: ChiCTR1800015569.