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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Rossabi, Joseph (검색결과 2 건)
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( Morris Rossabi ) 계명대학교 실크로드연구원 2020 Acta Via Serica Vol.5 No.2
This essay, based on an oral presentation, provides the non-specialist, with an evaluation of the Mongols’ influence and China and, to a lesser extent, on Russia and the Middle East. Starting in the 1980s, specialists challenged the conventional wisdom about the Mongol Empire’s almost entirely destructive influence on global history. They asserted that Mongols promoted vital economic, social, and cultural exchanges among civilizations. Chinggis Khan, Khubilai Khan, and other rulers supported trade, adopted policies of toleration toward foreign religions, and served as patrons of the arts, architecture, and the theater. Eurasian history starts with the Mongols. Exhibitions at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art confirmed that the Mongol era witnessed extraordinary developments in painting, ceramics, manuscript illustration, and textiles. To be sure, specialists did not ignore the destruction and killings that the Mongols engendered. This reevaluation has prompted both sophisticated analyses of the Mongols’ legacy in Eurasian history. The Ming dynasty, the Mongols’ successor in China, adopted some of the principles of Mongol military organization and tactics and were exposed to Tibetan Buddhism and Persian astronomy and medicine. The Mongols introduced agricultural techniques, porcelain, and artistic motifs to the Middle East, and supported the writing of histories. They also promoted Sufism in the Islamic world and influenced Russian government, trade, and art, among other impacts. Europeans became aware, via Marco Polo who traveled through the Mongols’ domains, of Asian products, as well as technological, scientific, and philosophical innovations in the East and were motivated to find sea routes to South and East Asia.
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Joun, Won-Tak,Rossabi, Joseph,Shin, Woo-Jin,Lee, Kang-Kun Elsevier 2019 Journal of environmental management Vol.237 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Multi-level wells screened at different depths in the vadose zone were installed and used for CO<SUB>2</SUB> and carbon isotope monitoring. Well CO<SUB>2</SUB> time series data were collected along with subsurface and atmospheric parameters such as air pressure, temperature, wind speed, and moisture content. Our aim was to determine the natural factors affecting the variation of CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentration and how the influence of these factors varies with time of day and seasons of the year. We were motivated to understand the cause and extent of CO<SUB>2</SUB> natural fluctuations in vadose zone wells in order to separate natural variation from signals due to anthropogenic CO<SUB>2</SUB> leaks anticipating future monitoring using these wells. Variations of seasonal mean and variance of CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentrations at different depths seem to follow the diurnal trend of subsurface temperature changes that reflect the atmospheric temperature but with time delay and amplitude damping due to heat transport considerations. The temperature in the ground lags behind the change in the atmospheric temperature, thus, the deeper the depth, the longer the time delay and the smaller the amplitude of the change. Monitored seasonal variation as shown in Appendix A shows the temperature-dependent depth-dependent CO<SUB>2</SUB> production in the soil zone indicating higher CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentrations in the summer and fall seasons with high concentrations ranging between 10,990 and 51,600 ppm from spring to summer, and 40,100 and 17,760 ppm from fall to winter. As the temperature in the organic-rich topsoil layer changes from daytime to nighttime, the concentration of CO<SUB>2</SUB> in the soils also changes dynamically in response to chemical and biological reactions. When a screened well is installed in the vadose zone the dynamic temporal and depth difference in CO<SUB>2</SUB> production is further complicated by upward (out of the subsurface) or downward (into the subsurface) gas flow, which will amplify or attenuate the temporal and vertical biochemically produced differences. Nested wells screened at different depths in the vadose zone and wells fully screened through the vadose zone were used for comparison. In addition, experiments changing the well from open to surface air to sealed at the top were conducted. The flow rates of inhaled (downward) and exhaled (upward) gas were estimated based on multi-level monitoring data. Based on time-series monitoring data, we proposed a time-dependent conceptual model to explain the changes of CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentration in wells. The conceptual model was tested through analytical model computations. This conceptual model of natural variation of CO<SUB>2</SUB> will be helpful in utilizing the vadose zone well as a method for monitoring CO<SUB>2</SUB> leakage from subsurface storage or anthropogenic CO<SUB>2</SUB> -producing activities.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Background variations of CO<SUB>2</SUB> concentration must be accounted for to evaluate leaking from storage. </LI> <LI> Large daily swings in naturally produced gas concentration were consistently observed. </LI> <LI> Multi-level monitoring data shows gas circulation in wells due to natural causes. </LI> <LI> Must consider diurnal and weather patterns when conducting gas sampling in wells. </LI> </UL> </P>
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