Effect of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on Chlorophyll Content, Nodulation, and Plant Growth in Soybean

Roshan Sharma Poudyal,B. N. Prasad 韓國作物學會 2005 Korean journal of crop science Vol.50 No.4

Study on effectiveness of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], local cultivar 'Sathiya' were carried out in the garden soil of Trib-huvan University. Different parameters like nodulation, chlorophyll content in fresh leaves and growth of plant in inoculated and uninoculated plant was studied. Pot experiment was conducted in the green house to evaluate the effectiveness of B. japonicum on soybean. It was observed that B. japonicum inoculation increased the number of nodules, shoot length of plant and total chlorophyll content in fresh leaves of soybean plant. However, root length was decreased in all inoculated plants.

Long-Term Results of Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy by “Destandau’s Technique”

Roshan Bhaisare,Bhavna Kamble,Kisan Patond 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.2

Study Design: Prospective study. Purpose: The aim of the study was to present long-term results from a 10-year follow-up after endoscopic lumbar discectomy (ELD) by “Destandau’s technique”. Overview of Literature: Endoscopic disc surgery by Destandau’s technique using ENDOSPINE Karl Storz system is a relatively new technique. It was introduced in 1993. It has been gaining popularity among the spine surgeons, as it is attractive for small skin incision and allows a gentle and excellent tissue dissection with excellent visualization. Many authors have published results of their own studies; however, in all these studies the long-term follow up of the patients has not been emphasized. Methods: A total of 21 patients selected on basis of strict inclusion criteria’s underwent ELD from November 2004 to March 2005. Surgery outcome was assessed by using “Prolo’s Anatomic-Functional-Economic Rating System” (1986). Patients were followed up to 10 years. In addtion, we compared the results of our study with other studies. Results: Outcomes were excellent in 17 patients (80.95%), good in 3 (14.28%) and fair in 1 (4.78%), with no patients having a poor result. In our study, 19 patients (90.47%) were able to resume their previous works/jobs, and only 2 (9.52%) needed to change their jobs for lighter work. No patient retired from his or her previous daily routine following the operation. Conclusions: The initial and long-term results are very good for endoscopic lumbar discectomy by Destandau’s technique. In properly selected patients it is a safe and minimally invasive technique, and we recommend ELD in properly selected patients.

Preparation and evaluation of 17-allyamino- 17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG)-loaded poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles

Roshan Pradhan,Bijay Kumar Poudel,최주연,최임순,신범수,최한곤,용철순,김종오 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.5

In the present study, we developed the novel17-allyamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG)-loadedpoly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles(NPs) using the combination of sodium lauryl sulfateand poloxamer 407 as the anionic and non-ionic surfactantfor stabilization. The PLGA NPs were prepared by emulsification/solvent evaporation method. Both the drug/polymer ratio and phase ratio were 1:10 (w/w). The optimizedformulation of 17-AAG-loaded PLGA NPs had aparticle size and polydispersity index of 151.6 ± 2.0 and0.152 ± 0.010 nm, respectively, which was further supportedby TEM image. The encapsulation efficiency anddrug loading capacity were 69.9 and 7.0 %, respectively. In vitro release study showed sustained release. Whenin vitro release data were fitted to Korsmeyer–Peppasmodel, the n value was 0.468, which suggested that thedrug was released by anomalous or non-Fickian diffusion. In addition, 17-AAG-loaded PLGA NPs in 72 h, displayedapproximately 60 % cell viability reduction at 10 lg/ml17-AAG concentration, in MCF-7 cell lines, indicatingsustained release from NPs. Therefore, our resultsdemonstrated that incorporation of 17-AAG into PLGANPs could provide a novel effective nanocarrier for thetreatment of cancer.

Effects of strip-tilled cover cropping on the population density of thrips and predatory insects in a cucurbit agroecosystem

Roshan Manandhar,Koon-Hui Wang,Cerruti R.R. Hooks,Mark G. Wright 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.4

Strip-till cover cropping provides a structurally complex habitat (both diverse above ground vegetation and modified soil surface environment) in subsequent crops, which can contribute to suppressing herbivores in the cash crop, through either enhancing conservation biological control or altering herbivore behavior to the complex habitat. Two field trials (spring and autumn) were conducted to examine effects of strip-tilled cover crops (sunn hemp and marigold) on population densities of thrips (primarily, Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips palmi) and generalist predators (Orius spp. and ground beetles, Aephnidius spp.) in cucurbit plantings. The results showed that strip-tilled cover crop treatments reduced thrips densities on cucurbit crops compared to the conventional monoculture. The strip-tilled treatments suppressed thrips densities more consistently in the autumn than in the spring trial. The reduced densities of thrips in strip-tilled cover crop plots were not attributable to the enhanced activity of predatory insects, but were most likely due to the disruption of host locating ability of thrips. Our study showed that the strip-till cover cropping could be an effective pest management technique for sustainable cucurbit production.

FACTORS AFFECTING ENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTS

Roshan Chhetri,Duane Robinson,Young-Ho LEE 한국신재생에너지학회 2017 AFORE Vol.2017 No.11

Development of a rebamipide solid dispersion system with improved dissolution and oral bioavailability

Roshan Pradhan,Tuan Hiep Tran,최주연,최임순,최한곤,용철순,김종오 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.4

The purpose of this study was to improve thegastric solubility and bioavailability of rebamipide (RBM)by preparing the RBM solid dispersion tablet (RBM-SDT)from solid dispersion powder prepared by spray-dryingtechnique. For preparation of rebamipide solid dispersions(RBM-SDs), solubility study was performed in varioushydrophilic carriers and alkalizers, among which sodiumalginate and sodium carbonate were selected as thehydrophilic polymer and alkalizer, respectively. Differentcombinations of drug–polymer–alkalizer were dissolved inaqueous solution and spray-dried in order to obtain soliddispersions. Noticeable improvement in aqueous solubility(approximately 200 times) and in vitro dissolution rate wasobserved by RBM-SDs, compared to RBM powder. Theoptimized formulation of RBM-SD powder consisted ofRBM powder/sodium alginate/sodium carbonate at theweight ratio of 1/2/2. The transformation of crystallineRBM to amorphous RBM-SD powder was clearly demonstratedby powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanningcalorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy. The optimized RBM-SD was formulated in tablet dosageform, containing approximately 2 % sodium lauryl sulphateand poloxamer F68 as wetting agents. The RBMSDTexhibited enhanced dissolution in hydrochloric acidbuffer (pH 1.2) and distilled water. Moreover, pharmacokineticstudy in rats showed higher AUC and Cmax forRBM-SDT than those for RBM powder and commercialproduct. Thus, the developed RBM-SDT formulation canbe more efficacious for improving oral bioavailability ofRBM.

Preparation and characterization of fast dissolving flurbiprofen and esomeprazole solid dispersion using spray drying technique

( Roshan Pradhan ),( Tuan Hiep Tran ),( Sung Yub Kim ),( Kyu Bong Woo ),( Yong Joo Choi ),( Han Gon Choi ),( Chul Son Yong ),( Jong Oh Kim ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2016 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.26 No.-

We aimed to develop an immediate-release flurbiprofen (FLU) and esomeprazole (ESO) combination formulation with enhanced gastric aqueous solubility and dissolution rate. Aqueous solubility can be enhanced by formulating solid dispersions (SDs) with a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-K30 hydrophilic carrier. using spray-drying technique. Aqueous and gastric pH dissolution can be achieved by macro-environmental pH modulation using sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) and magnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH),) as the alkaline buffer. FLU/ESO-loaded SDs (FLU/ESO-SDs) significantly improved aqueous solubility of both drugs. compared to each drug powder. Dissolution studies in gastric pH and waterwere compared with the microenvironmental pH modulated formulations. The optimized FLU/ESO-SD powder formulation consisted of FLU/ESO/PVP-K30/sodium carbonate (Na₂CO<sub3></sub>) in a weight ratio 1:0.22:1.5:0.3, filled in the inner capsule. The outer capsule consisted of NaHCO₃ and Mg(OH),. which created the macro-environmental pH modulation. Increased aqueous and gastric pH dissolution of FLU and ESO from the SD was attributed to the alkaline buffer effects and most importantly. to drug transformation from crystalline to amorphous SD powder, clearly revealed by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and powder X-ray diffraction studies. Thus, the combined FLU and ESO SD powder can be effectively delivered as an immediate-release formulation using the macro-environmental pH modulation concept.

Effect of Imidazole and Surfactant on the Opto-Electrical Properties of PEDOT Thin Films via Vapor Phase Polymerization

Roshan Khadka(카드카 로산),Jin-Heong Yim(임진형) 한국고분자학회 2015 폴리머 Vol.39 No.3

본 논문은 ferric p-toluenesulfonate를 산화제에 약 염기인 이미다졸과 poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PPG-PEG) 계면활성제를 동시 첨가하여 기상중합법으로 제조된 poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT) 박막의 광-전기적 특성 향상에 대한 것이다. 여러 가지 조건에서 제조된 PEDOT 박막 특성과 산화제의 첨가제로 사용된 약 염기와 계면활성제의 조합 효과의 상관관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 이미다졸과 PEG-PPG-PEG로 구성된 첨가제를 사용하여 제조된 PEDOT 박막은 1300 S·cm<SUP>-1</SUP> 이상의 전도성을 가졌다. PEG-PPG-PEG계 계면활성제의 분자량이 기상 중합을 이용한 PEDOT 박막의 특성에 미치는 영향도 조사하였다. This paper reports the combined effects of the triblock copolymer surfactant poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PPG-PEG) and imidazole on the opto-electrical and mechanical properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-based thin films prepared via vapor phase polymerization (VPP) using ferric p-toluenesulfonate as a catalyst. Various PEDOT-based thin films were synthesized using PEG-PPG-PEG and imidazole alone and in combination to compare and correlate their effects on film properties. The improved conductivity of the PEDOT films was higher than 1300 S·cm<SUP>-1</SUP> when the surfactant and imidazole were used together. The PEG-PPG-PEG chain length was also varied to identify the best conditions for the VPP-based preparation of PEDOT thin films.

Preparation and evaluation of gastroretentive effervescent floating drug delivery system of Samchulkunbi-tang

Roshan Pradhan,이희현,김정옥,문성옥,최혜민,김정범,용철순,이화동,김종오 한국약제학회 2015 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.45 No.5

The aim of this study was to develop a hydrophilic matrix based controlled release gastroretentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) for Samchulkunbi-tang (ST), a traditional Korean herbal medicine widely used for treatment of chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers. Effervescent floating GRDDS of ST was prepared by non-aqueous wet granulation method. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2208 (100,000 cps) was used as the hydrophilic polymer, while the combination of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and citric acid was used as the gas-generating agents. Formulation optimization was done by altering the amount of polymer and floating aid, keeping the tablet weight constant. Tablet properties including floating lag time (FLT), total floating time (TFT) and swelling index were measured to determine the optimized formulation. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the surface morphology of the swollen tablet with concomitant gas bubbles. Optimized formulation showed satisfactory controlled in vitro drug release for more than 8 h with excellent buoyancy properties (FLT of 30 s, TFT >12 h). Therefore, the developed formulation of ST in the form of a floating tablet would provide effective gastroprotection and can be a promising approach to delivery of the drug in the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Docetaxel-Loaded Polylactic Acid-Co-Glycolic Acid Nanoparicles: Formulatuin, Physicochemical Characterization and Cytotoxicity Studies

( Roshan Pradhan ),( Bijay Kumar Poudel ),( Thiruganesh Ramasamy ),( Han Gon Choi ),( Chul Soon Yong ),( Jong Oh Kim ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2013 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.23 No.0

In the present study, we developed novel docetaxel (DTX)-loaded polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid(PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) using the combination of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and poloxamer 407, the anionic and non-ionic surfactants respectively for stabilization. The NPs were prepared by emulsification/solvent evaporation method. The combination of these surfactants at weight ratio of 1:0.5 was able to produce uniformly distributed small sized NPs and demonstrated the better stability of NP dispersion with high encapsulation efficiency (85.9 +/- 0.6%). The drug/polymer ratio and phase ratio were 2:10 and 1:10, respectively. The optimized formulation of DTX-loaded PLGA NPs had a particle size and polydispersity index of 104.2 +/- 1.5 nm and 0.152 +/- 0.006, respectively, which was further supported by TEM image. In vitro release study was carried out with dialysis membrane and showed 32% drug release in 192 h. When in vitro release data were fitted to Korsmeyer-Peppas model, the n value was 0.481, which suggested the drug was released by anomalous or non-Fickian diffusion. In addition, DTX-loaded PLGA NPs in 72 h, displayed approximately 75% cell viability reduction at 10 microg/ml DTX concentration, in MCF-7 cell lines, indicating sustained release from NPs. Therefore, our results demonstrated that incorporation of DTX into PLGA NPs could provide a novel effective nanocarrier for the treatment of cancer.