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Roichi Okabe 한국수사학회 2006 수사학 Vol.0 No.4
Western rhetorical theory and practice began to emerge in Japan during the Meiji era (1868-1912). One culmination of this intellectual development was the publication of a hugebody of books on rhetoric and speechmaking by rhetorically-motivated aspirants of the day along the line of Western rhetorical theory and practice. One student of rhetoric located 145 originally-written or translated works on Western rhetorical theory, practice, and criticism. Sixteen of them are Japanese translations. By examining three representative Japanese translations out of these sixteen on Western rhetoric, this paper will ascertain the level of accuracy in translation and explicate several techniques of intercultural adaptation including omission, elaboration, modulation, and transformation which the translators employed to help Japanese readers to understand Western ideas better. The translated works to be examined in this study include Hyu Bureeru, Taisei Ronbengsku Yoketsu(Essentials of Western Logical Speechmaking), Ryoji Ko, trans., Osaka: Shoshodo, 1880 [Hugh Blair, Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, publisher unknown, 1869]; Furederikku Roton, Seiyo Toron Kihan(Principles of Western Debate), Gendo Nishimura, trans., Tokyo: Nishimura Gendo, 1881 [Frederic Rowton, The Debater: A New Theory of Art of Speaking, publisher and publication year unknown]; and [Joji P.] Kuwakkenbosu, Yuben Bijiho (The Art of Oratorical Belles Lettres), 3rd ed., Dai Kuroiwa, trans., Tokyo: Yoronsha, 1882 [George P. Quackenbos, Advanced Course of Composition and Rhetoric, New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1875]. They were selected for review here because the original authors all represent the best tradition of the nineteenth-century Western rhetorical theory. This paper will show that these three Japanese translations played an important role in introducing the tenets of Western rhetoric to the knowledge-hungry Meiji people. It will further demonstrate that they filled the gap pf rhetorical theory which had existed in the first two decades of the Meiji era before Japanese writers started to publish their own works in their vernacular in the subsequent decades of the era.
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