http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Multiple Aptitude for Instructed Second Language Acquisition
Pete Robinson 한국영어학회 2003 영어학 Vol.3 No.3
Robinson, Peter. 2003. Multiple Aptitude for Instructed Second Language Acquisition. Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics 3-3, 375-410. As Snow (1989) and Sternberg (1985) have long argued, learning, and adaptation to the learning environment or classroom context (at the levels of instructional treatment, interventionist focus on form technique, or pedagogic task) is a result of the interaction of context at each of these levels of description with learners' patterns of abilities. In this paper I argue that this is an important area of research for SLA pedagogy, as well as SLA theory development, and I review recent developments in the study of L2 learning conditions; of the abilities contributing to L2 aptitude; and of their interaction with the processes involved in successful classroom learning and practice, and propose a model of 'multiple aptitudes' for classroom learning based on these findings.
Business Incubator Explanations: Networking and Gender Differences
Sherry Robinson KINFORMS 2009 Management Review Vol.4 No.2
Research investigating gender differences in small business performance has frequently shown women-owned businesses to be smaller in terms of sales, profits and number of employees (Cooper, Gimeno-Dascon, & Woo, 1994; Kalleberg & Leicht, 1991; Loscocco & Leicht, 1993; Watson & Robinson, 2003). One reason for this may be social networks that are not as diverse and useful as men’s networks, making it more difficult for women to access external business resources. Business incubators attempt to enhance tenants’ networks, and thus increase access to needed resources. In this theoretical paper, it is argued that even though all incubatees are likely to benefit from networking assistance, it may be especially useful for women with less diverse networks. Suggestions for future research based on this conceptual framework are also presented.
Experimental Techniques for Evaluating the Success of Restoration Projects
Robinson, George R.,Handel, Steven-N.l,Mattei, Jennifer The Ecological Society of Korea 2002 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.25 No.1
The ecological background of a restoration project is complex and difficult to betermine without experimentation. A useful context for experiments is the well-studied process of natural succession, because the factors that drive or inhibit succession are also at work during reclamation (a form of primary succession) and restoration (which often resembles secondary succession). Using experimental studies on urban wasteland reclamation, we have tested for factors that stimulate or inhibit succession during early phases of woodland development in the Northeastern United states. The emphasis has been on mutualisms (seed dispersal, pollination, and mycorrhizae) and microsite limitations in the recruitment, growth, and reproduction of woody plants. Using plantings of seeds, seedlings, and clusters of reproductively mature plants on abandoned landfills, we have observed that (1) soil microsite deficiencies lead to very poor germination (<0.1$\%$) and seedling survival (<0.01$\%$) of most native species; (2) seed dispersal by birds is a significant and reliable source of woody plant recruitment; however (3) proximity effects are strong, with most (up to 95$\%$) of seed rain falling in the vicinity of planted clusters that are closest to putative seed sources; and (4) remnant natural woodlands are critical components of the recruitment process. To emphasize the last point, in one case, we found that the destruction of approximately 50$\%$ of nearby natural woodland vegetation led to a commensurate decline in seed rain. In another case, we found that the species richness of recruits was strictly limited by the species composition of nearby source plant communities, with no evidence of community enrichment by long distance dispersal over 5 years. We conclude from these results that the size and proximity of remnant natural populations are critical considerations when planning reclamation and restoration programs that rely on natural successional processes.
Multiple Aptitudes for Instructed Second Language Acquisition
Robinson, Peter The Korean Association for the Study of English La 2003 영어학 Vol.3 No.3
As Snow (1989) and Sternberg (1985) have long argued, learning, and adaptation to the learning environment or classroom context (at the levels of instructional treatment, interventionist focus on form technique, or pedagogic task) is a result of the interaction of context at each of these levels of description with learners' patterns of abilities. In this paper I argue that this is an important area of research for SLA pedagogy, as well as SLA theory development, and I review recent developments in the study of L2 learning conditions; of the abilities contributing to L2 aptitude; and of their interaction with the processes involved in successful classroom learning and practice, and propose a model of ‘multiple aptitudes’ for classroom learning based on these findings.
Stipa pulchra 군락 분포의 생태학적 제한요인에 (制限要因) 대한 해석
Robinson Richard Hayes 한국식물학회 1971 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.14 No.3
Ecological factors limiting. Stipa pulchra have been determined in experimental gardens and at several sites in the hills south and east of Monterey, California. The Stipa pulchra facies of Valley Grassland communities were found to be dominated by that species, though a total of 36 grasses and forbs were collected and identified. Basal area was not large, but aerial cover by Stipa alone averaged over 50 per cent. Across an ecotone between a Stipa association and the California Annual Type a sudden and dramatic change was recorded. Soil measurements there, and in other nearby areas, showed a much higher clay content with more available water and elemental phosphorus at the Stipa sites. Germination of Stipa seeds was high under all laboratory and field conditions, though growth of seedlings was highly variable. Seedlings grown in Stipa soil with an abundance of water were vigorous and reached anthesis the first year. In other soils they grew less, and when grown in competition with Avena fatua they scarcely grew at all. These findings indicate that when established on desirable soils, Stipa competes well and apparently precludes the dominance of Avena fatua and other large annual grasses. On the other hand, because of a lack of vigor in its seedlings, Stipa cannot reinvade the rich more friable soils on which it was once found, and on which it was shown to grow satisfactorily. This supports the contention that Stipa pulchra was the dominant grass through much of the Valley Grassland and Foothill Woodland, but also indicates that well-drained soils and those poor in mineral nutrients probably never supported such associations.
The Spectrum of SS 433 in the<i>H</i>and<i>K</i>Bands
Robinson, Edward L.,Froning, Cynthia S.,Jaffe, Daniel T.,Kaplan, Kyle F.,Kim, Hwihyun,Mace, Gregory N.,Sokal, Kimberly R.,Lee, Jae-Joon American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical journal Vol.841 No.2
<P>SS 433 is an X-ray binary and the source of sub-relativistic, precessing, baryonic jets. We present high-resolution spectrograms of SS. 433 in the infrared H and K bands. The spectrum is dominated by hydrogen and helium emission lines. The precession phase of the emission lines from the jet continues to be described by a constant period, P-jet = 162.375 days. The limit on any secularly changing period is |P| less than or similar to 10(-5). The He I lambda 2.0587 mu m line has complex and variable P-Cygni absorption features produced by an inhomogeneous wind with a maximum outflow velocity near 900 km s(-1). The He II emission lines in the spectrum also arise in this wind. The higher members of the hydrogen Brackett lines show a double-peaked profile with symmetric wings extending more than +/- 1500 km s(-1) from the line center. The lines display radial velocity variations in phase with the radial velocity variation expected of the compact star, and they show a distortion during disk eclipse that we interpret as a rotational distortion. We fit the line profiles with a model in which the emission comes from the surface of a symmetric, Keplerian accretion disk around the compact object. The outer edge of the disk has velocities that vary from 110 to 190 km s(-1). These comparatively low velocities place an important constraint on the mass of the compact star: its mass must be less than 2.2 M-circle dot and is probably less than 1.6 M-circle dot</P>
Robinson, Thompson G.,Wang, Xia,Arima, Hisatomi,Bath, Philip M.,Billot, Laurent,Broderick, Joseph P.,Demchuk, Andrew M.,Donnan, Geoffery A.,Kim, Jong S.,Lavados, Pablo M.,Lee, Tsong-Hai,Lindley, Richa American Heart Association, Inc. 2017 Stroke Vol.48 No.7
<P>Conclusions-Low-dose alteplase may improve outcomes in thrombolysis-treated acute ischemic stroke patients on prior APT, but this requires further evaluation in a randomized controlled trial.</P>